I ka honua o ka wai, nui a maikaʻi ke ola kai me kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻomanaʻo nui ʻole. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau iʻa "me kahi wili" scalar maʻamau... No kona helehelena maikaʻi, unpretentiousness a me ke ʻano livable, ua lilo ʻo ia i kamaʻāina paʻa mau no nā kahawai tropika wale nō, akā i nā aquarium home.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: scalar maʻamau
ʻO ke ʻano o ka scalar i kumu i ke kumu mai i nā iʻa iwi, i ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka evolution 290 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Eia kekahi, mai nā kūpuna iwi 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka nā Perchiformes āpau, a laila lilo i ʻano ʻokoʻa a i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kauoha Perchiformes ka mea nui loa e pili ana i ka helu o nā ʻano iʻa (11,255 mau ʻano).
Video: ʻO ka scalar maʻamau
ʻO ka ʻike moʻokalaleo mua e pili ana i nā scalars mai ka makahiki 1823, i ka wā a lākou i wehewehe ʻia ai e ka ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Schulze, ua kapa ʻo ia iā lākou ʻo Zeus scalaris. Hoʻomaka e lawe ʻia ka iʻa i ʻEulopa mai ʻAmelika Hema i 1911, akā ua make nā hiʻohiʻona āpau. ʻO ka hānau maikaʻi ʻana o nā scalars i hoʻomaka ma hope ma 1924.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "Ma Rūsia, loaʻa kūleʻa ka scalar i ka scalar. I ka makahiki 1928, ua hele ka mea nona ka iʻa scalar A. Smirnov i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i kēia manawa ua lele ka mea hoʻomehana i loko o ka aquarium a wela ka wai i 32 ° C. I ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, ua kakali kahi mea kupanaha iā ia - ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā scalars. "
I kēia manawa, ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea hānai, ua loaʻa i ka scalar maʻamau ka koi ākea i nā aquaristics, ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe hānau mai nā kamaʻāina kūlohelohe i ka nui o nā kala o ke kino. ʻO ka genus Scalari kahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana Tsikhlov, ka papa Ray-finned, ka Perch-like detachment.
ʻEkolu ʻano o nā scalars i ke ʻano:
- Maʻamau;
- Kiʻekiʻena;
- ʻO Scalaria Leopold.
ʻO ka inoa Lakina o ka skalar scalar i loaʻa mai ka Austrologist Zoologist I.Ya. Heckel i ka makahiki 1840 - Pterophyllum scalare. ʻO ka unuhi o ka inoa i loko o Lūkini e like me ka "lau ʻēheu", i kūlike loa me kā lākou kiʻi kūwaho. ʻO ka inoa kapakapa maʻamau no nā scalars ka angelfish. ʻOkoʻa ʻo Scalaria vulgaris mai nā ʻohana e ka ʻohana ma nā ʻano morphological, nā lawena a me nā ʻano hānau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻO ka iʻa scalar maʻamau
Loaʻa i nā scalar maʻamau nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī:
- He kiʻekiʻe ke kino, haiki, pālahalaha ma hope. ʻO ke poʻo ke ʻano o kahi huinakolu, me nā maka nui ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao;
- ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa he awelika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā mākua ma ka pae o 12-15 cm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe a 20 cm. ʻAne like ka kāne a me ka wahine i nā palena, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne;
- Hoʻolālā ʻia nā dorsal a me nā ʻanini anal me nā wēlau kihi, kahi e like me ka crescent o ka iʻa. ʻO nā peʻa pectoral he antennae lōʻihi;
- ʻO ke kala o ke kino o ka scalar maʻamau he hina-hina me kahi aniani uliuli, e kū kū i waho i nā ʻāpana pouli ʻehā. ʻO ke kaha mua kea i nā maka o ka iʻa, ʻo ka mea hope loa i hala ma ka māhele o ka fin caudal. He kua ʻeleʻele ke kua.
Mea hoihoi: "Hiki i ka Scalaria vulgaris ke hoʻololi i ke kala o nā kaha kū i ke kino i kahi paler. Hana ʻia kēia hoʻololi me ia i nā manawa pilikia. "
ʻOkoʻa iki nā kāne a me nā wahine. I ka wā makua, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka dorsal fin o ke kāne a he ʻeke momona hoʻi ma ka lae, no laila ua puni ka lae, ʻoiai ka wahine e pālahalaha. Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i kā lākou wale nō i ka wā hānau. I ke kāne, ʻike ʻia kahi vas deferens kikoʻī a hāiki hoʻi ma lalo o ka ʻōpū, a i ka wahine, he ovipositor ākea.
Ma hea e noho ai ka scalar maʻamau?
Kiʻi: iʻa scalar
ʻO ka scalar maʻamau kahi iʻa tropical tropical wai. ʻO kona wahi noho paʻa nā waihona wai o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema, ke kiʻo o ka muliwai ʻo Amazon nui loa o ka honua, mai Peru a hiki i nā kapakai hikina o Brazil, a me ka paradaiso ʻo Orinoco River. I kekahi manawa aia pū kekahi i ke ʻano o kekahi mau lāhui i nā kahawai o Guiana a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe Brazil.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka panalāʻau o Amazon he wahi kūpono no nā scalars, no ka mea, he nui ka mahana o ka wai, a he mea nui ia no ka hana hou ʻana o kēia mau iʻa. I loko o kona wai, noho pū lākou me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o kēia mau wahi hoihoi, e laʻa me: gup Puppies, swordtails, neons, discus. Hoʻohui pū lākou i kahi helu nui o nā kamaʻāina muliwai - ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 tausani.
ʻO ka poʻe scalar ka hapa nui o nā mea āpau e makemake e noho i nā kahawai kahawai o nā kahawai e kahe mālie, nā kahawai o ka muliwai, nā kahawai a me nā awāwa kahawai i hoʻopiha ʻia. ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ko lākou wahi noho, ʻo ia nā ulu lāʻau.
Ke hoʻoulu, hoʻomoe nā scalars maʻamau i nā lau ākea o nā mea kanu wai, no laila makemake lākou e noho i nā waihona me nā mea kanu nui, i waena o nā ulu ʻōpio hiki ke hūnā maʻalahi mai nā ʻenemi mai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka scalar maʻamau?
Kiʻi: Scalaria vulgaris
I ko lākou kūlohelohe, hana nā scalars maʻamau i iʻa predatory.
ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā nā holoholona aʻe:
- invertebrates liʻiliʻi - daphnia, cyclops, tubifex;
- nā kolo liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou larvae e noho ana ma luna o ka wai;
- iʻa o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i ka mea pio, hoʻomohala nā scalars i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokele me ke kōkua o kahi kino hāiki a me nā ʻāpana ikaika lōʻihi. ʻOiai ka nui o ka manawa o kēia iʻa e hūnā ai i ka limu, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he nutrient substrate, no ka mea pono lākou i ka protein protein.
Hoʻohana ka larvae o ka scalar maʻamau i nā ʻike o ka ʻeke yolk ma ke ʻano he substrate nutrient. Ke hoʻololi nei lākou mai nā ʻūlū i loko o ka iʻa, huli liʻiliʻi lākou i ka hānai ʻana i ka plankton liʻiliʻi. E aʻo i ka mōhai ʻai e ʻimi i nā mea pio nui, me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau mākua.
I kēia manawa, ua ʻae ākea ka scalar a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he iʻa kāhiko i loko o nā aquarium, kahi e hānai ʻia ai me ka hui pū ʻana o nā meaʻai (bloodworms, larquito mosika) a me nā mea hoʻopili (nā ʻāpana o ka lau a me nā lau lettuce). Hiki i ka meaʻai ke ʻano o nā flakes maloʻo, a me ke ola a me ka hau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Iʻa iʻa iʻa
He poʻe maʻamau nā Scalarians, he poʻe noho maluhia o nā wai tropical. Makemake lākou e noho i nā hipa, kahi e hana ʻia ai nā pālua ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaulana i nā hui pālua o ko lākou kūpaʻa i kekahi i kekahi i ko lākou ola.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: "Inā make i loko o kahi mau kāne a make kekahi, a laila ʻaʻole e ʻimi ka mea i koe i kahi hoa ʻē aʻe no ke ola."
ʻO nā lunamaka o nā ʻano scalar maʻamau i diurnal, e hoʻolilo ana i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i waena o nā puʻu wai. Ma muli o ko lākou kino pālahalaha, ʻauʻau maʻalahi lākou ma waena o ka thalli o ka limu, a hoʻohuli ʻia lākou e nā kaha kū i luna o ke kino.
I ke ao e ʻimi ai lākou i ka meaʻai, a i ka pō e hoʻomaha lākou, e peʻe ana i nā ulu lāʻau o nā mea kanu wai. Ma mua o ka hopu holoholona, hoʻuluulu ʻia nā scalars i nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi. Hūnā lākou i ka limu ke kali lākou i ka mea pio. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi meaʻai kūpono ma ka pae, holo wikiwiki lākou iā ia me ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa a haehae i nā ʻāpana.
Ma waho o ka wā hānau, he mau hoa noho maluhia nā kānaka makua. Akā i loko o ka wā spawning, huhū nui lākou, e hoʻāʻo nei e pale i ko lākou ʻāina a me nā keiki. He mea hoihoi ka kāne a me ka wahine e mālama i nā hua a me nā hua.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: scalar maʻamau
I ka heluna kanaka, lilo nā scalars i mau kanaka makua moekolohe i ka manawa mai 8 a 12 mau mahina o ke ola. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka wā spawning, ua hana ʻia nā pālua ma waena o lākou, kahi e noho ana i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī i ka wahi noho a hoʻomākaukau no ka hana hou. E hana ai i kēia, ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi e waiho ai lākou i mau hua. Hiki iā ia he pōhaku a i ʻole kahi ākea o kahi mea kanu wai. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pū lākou iā ia i nā ʻōpala a me ka pālau no kekahi mau lā, a laila kiola i nā hua nui, māmā ma luna o kona ʻili.
Ma ka awelika, hiki i kahi scalar wahine ke waiho i nā hua he 150-200. A laila hiki mai kahi manawa paʻakikī o ka pale ʻana i kā lāua keiki, kahi a ke kāne a me ka wahine e hele pū pū ai. Lawe lākou i nā hua make a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea ola. Pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻouka ʻia mai e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. I ʻelua mau lā ma hope mai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻūlū mai nā hua manu, i koe i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi i kekahi a aia ma lalo o ke kākoʻo o ko lākou mau mākua. Inā kū koke kahi hoʻoweliweli, a laila hiki i ke kāne a me ka wahine ke hoʻolilo iā lākou i loko o kā lākou waha i kahi palekana.
I loko o ʻelua mau pule, hoʻololi ka larva i loko o ka pā. No kekahi mau manawa, hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana o nā mākua mālama i nā keiki makua ʻole. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka pā i loko o kahi hui a hele pū me lākou, e pale ana iā lākou mai nā pilikia. Kōkua e ʻokiʻoki i nā plankton nui i hiki i ka ʻai ke ʻai. Ma muli o ka hana a nā scalars i ka wā o ka moena, hiki iā mākou ke kāhea wiwo ʻole i kēia mau iʻa ʻike naʻau maoli o ka honua o ka wai. ʻO ke ola o ke ola ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe a ma ka noho pio ʻana ma kahi o 8-10 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā scalars maʻamau
Kiʻi: kāne kāne Scalaria
Noho i nā kahawai o ka Amazon, hālāwai ka scalar maʻamau i kona mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe i laila. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka iʻa, hiki i ka iʻa ke lilo i waiwai pio no nā ʻano iʻa nui a me nā ʻelele waena o ke kahawai.
Pili kēia mau iʻa:
- piranhas, nā mea momona a nui loa nā niho ʻoi loa, hiki iā lākou ke nahu i ka manamana lima a i ʻole ka lāʻau me lākou;
- ʻo payara - kahi iʻa i ʻike iki ʻia a ʻelua mau niho ʻoiʻoi kāna, ʻike ʻia kekahi pālua, a pelu ʻia kekahi i loko o ka iwi ā, makemake pū kekahi i ka ʻai maikaʻi;
- Pili ʻo Aravana i kahi iʻa predatory nui, noho i nā kahawai o nā kahawai me ka wai kū ʻole a hānai i nā iʻa e noho ana ma laila.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā Caimans i nā ʻenemi o ka scalar. Ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi, pono lākou e ʻoluʻolu me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he kumuʻai. I ka hakakā no ke ola o ka scalar i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili.
ʻO kāna "mau kāleka pu" nui i ke kaua me nā ʻenemi:
- pālahalaha ke kino no ka maneuvering maʻalahi ma waena o nā limu;
- ikaika, nā peʻa lōʻihi, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala wikiwiki wikiwiki;
- ʻo nā kaha kūwaho kūlike i ke kino e kōkua i nā camouflage ma waena o nā limu thalli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻO ka iʻa scalar maʻamau
Loaʻa i ka heluna scalar lehulehu i kēia mau ʻano:
- I ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou i nā pūʻulu he 10 mau kānaka, kahi e hana ai kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā hui nui aʻoi aku ka ikaika i alakaʻi i ka ʻimi holoholona a noho i nā wahi hānau maikaʻi loa, kahi a lākou e kiaʻi lili ai.
- He paʻakikī e helu i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma muli o ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o kēia iʻa i nā kauhale kūlanakauhale a me nā home. Akā hiki ke ʻōlelo kānalua ʻia ka heluna kanaka i kona wā nui;
- Mahalo i ka mālama nui ʻana o nā hua, nā larvae a me nā ʻai, mālama nā scalars i ka mālama ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā keiki mai ka make.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he paʻakikī loa e ʻike i nā ʻano maoli o nā scalars i nā aquarium, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia aku kēia iʻa mai ʻAmelika. Akā ua hiki i nā mea hānai no nā makahiki he nui ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano skalar, kahi hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻia e nā aquarist amateur.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "Ua hoʻomohala nā mea hoʻohua i kahi ʻano fluorescent o scalar e ʻālohilohi i ka pouli."
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke koho ākea o nā scalars, ʻaʻohe pono kūikawā no ka hopu nui ʻana o kēia iʻa mai nā wahi maoli. No laila, ke manaʻo ʻia nei he laha ke ola skarar. Pākuʻi maʻamau - he iʻa liʻiliʻi kēia me kahi helehelena kupaianaha, a me ke ʻano o ke "kēlā me kēia lā" o ke ola, ke ʻano maluhia, a me ke ʻano waihoʻoluʻu a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ua lanakila ka puʻuwai o nā kānaka āpau o ka honua.
Lā paʻi: 03/21/2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 20:44
