Whale kohola - kekahi o nā māmela makamae loa a pohihihi hoʻi o ka honua me kahi kūlana kontroversial loa. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe iā ia he dolphin nunui me ka ʻuhane lokomaikaʻi a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe - he mea weliweli weliweli a hoʻomāinoino, hiki ke pepehi ʻaʻole wale no ke kumu o ka meaʻai, akā he hōʻike o ka huhū. Heʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi o nā mana ʻelua, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka kohola kohola ma muli o nā kumu he nui - mai nā kumu o ke kumu o ka laha i ka papaʻai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Orca
ʻO nā ʻōlelo mua o kēia māmala i hana ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka milenio mua o ko mākou au. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kohola kohola i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho o nā holoholona hihiu o ka Honua e ka hana encyclopedic nui loa o ka wā kahiko i kapa ʻia ʻo "History History", ʻo Pliny the Elder ka mea kākau. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa ʻepekema o ka kohola kohola ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, ua loaʻa iā ia kona ʻano hou i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, a a hiki i kēia lā ua like kona ʻano Latin me Orcinus orca.
ʻIke ka Great Soviet Encyclopedia a me nā puke wehewehe ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe i nā inoa ʻelua ma Lūkia i like ka hoʻohana ʻia - "kohola kohola" a me "kohola kohola". ʻO ka mea kūpono loa ka koho ʻelua, i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka huaʻōlelo "scythe", kahi e hōʻike ai i ke kinona o ka fin dorsal o ka holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kaiāulu ʻepekema ʻōlelo Lūkia, ʻoi aku ka maʻa a laulā ka koho mua loa.
Video: Orca
ʻO ka inoa kapakapa paʻakikī - ka kohola kohola - ua loaʻa ka kohola kohola ma muli o ka nui o nā moʻolelo koko a me nā kaʻao, i haʻi hou ʻia a hoʻonani ʻia no ka hoihoi hou aʻe o nā mea haʻi moʻolelo. ʻAʻole i kū kaʻawale ʻo Sinema, nāna i hoʻokumu i kāna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ke kiʻi o kahi mea ʻino a me ka manuahi aloha ʻole i hiki ke hoʻouka kaua ʻaʻole wale i nā kai kai nui, akā nā kānaka pū kekahi.
Inā huli mākou i nā kumu ʻepekema o ke kumu o kēia māmala, a laila hiki ke ʻike maoli i ka mea no ke kaʻina o cetaceans, ka suborder o nā koholā niho. Akā ʻo ke kuleana hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ke kohola kohola e hoʻokani ʻia e kāna ʻohana i ka ʻohana dolphin, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka nohona a me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano addicts a me nā ʻano o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka kohola kohola ka dolphin karnivorous nui loa me nā ʻano o ka mea ʻaka maoli.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: kohola kohola kohola
ʻO ka kohola kohola, he lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana dolphin, he kino kona i loko o kēia ʻano, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona mau ʻohana a he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo kona kala.
I ke ʻano maʻamau, i kamaʻāina i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe, he ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā poʻe koholā i ka poʻe pepehi kanaka, a me nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo a puni ka ʻāʻī a ma luna o nā maka, a me kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū. Eia nō naʻe, ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka Moana Pākīpika aia kekahi o nā kala hoʻokahi - ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha. Akā kākaʻikahi kēlā ʻano koho.
He mea hoihoi: ʻo kahi a me ka nui o nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma ke kino o kēlā me kēia mea kū hoʻokahi, ʻokoʻa i nā manamana lima o ke kanaka, he hōʻailona hōʻoia kēia e ʻike ai i kēlā me kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā kohola kāne kāne hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine, hiki i ʻumi mau mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o ʻewalu tone. ʻO ka nui kupaianaha a me ke kū ʻana o nā auwaha mana me nā lālani ʻelua o nā pahi kahi niho ʻoi loa he 13-15 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, e hoʻolilo i kēia mau mea ʻaihue i mau mea ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi, hiki ke kiʻi i nā mea pio i ʻoi aku i ko lākou kaumaha.
Ma waho aʻe o nā pono kūpono, ʻo ka ʻike hopu holoholona poʻokela o nā kohola kohola ke kumu o ka puka ʻana mai o nā kaʻao he nui e pili ana i ko lākou make koko kupaianaha. Wahi a nā ʻepekema a me nā loea e aʻo nei i ka hana nui a kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau moʻolelo he kaʻao maʻamau.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi kohola kohola a me kahi dolphin maʻalahi ka fin dorsal e piʻi nui ana ma luna o ke kino, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua mau mika i nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai i ka wikiwiki o ma kahi o 55 km / h, weliweli ia no kona nui hoihoi. ʻO nā wili o nā wahine he ʻano makaʻu iki a he hapalua ka lōʻihi o ko nā kāne. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huelo o nā kohola kohola me nā peʻa papamoe mana.
Ma hea e noho ai ke kohola kohola?
Kiʻi: Orca
Ua aʻo lōʻihi ʻia nā wahi noho a pau o nā kohola kohola a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā puke kūmole a me nā puke wehewehe ʻōlelo. Mahalo i ke ola kaiaulu hana o nā kohola kohola, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e kiʻi i kahi manaʻo o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i nā wai o ka Honua Honua.
No ka mea ākea a ʻano ʻokoʻa ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia mau mea hōkai, ʻike lākou i ka meaʻai na lākou ma nā wahi āpau - mai ka wai kai pāhihi a i ka hau polar ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kohola koholā ma nā wahi tropika ma mua o ka wai anuanu a mehana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia e nā ʻano meaʻai like a me ke koho o ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu loa no ka noho ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: No nā wai o Lūkia, he kamaʻāina maʻamau ʻole ka kohola kohola. Loaʻa nā heluna liʻiliʻi ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, Keʻokeʻo, nā Kai Bering, akā kū kaʻawale nā Azov a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele mai ke alo mai o nā kohola kohola.
No ko lākou noho ʻoluʻolu, koho kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi kūpono no ka hopu holoholona, me ka lawa kūpono o nā meaʻai kūpono. No laila, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi lākou i nā wai hāmama ma mua o ke kahakai. ʻO ka wahi ʻoi loa o ko lākou wahi noho ma kahi o 800 km o nā kai kahakai.
He aha ka ʻai a ke kohola kohola?
Kiʻi: kohola kohola ma kahakai
ʻO ka ʻai a ka kohola kohola paha ka mea hoihoi loa ke hiki mai i kēia mau predators. ʻO nā ʻano kūlohelohe o nā kohola kohola i loaʻa i ke kaʻina o ka evolution e ʻae iā lākou e alualu i nā lunamaka nui loa o nā holoholona mehana koko hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka Moana Honua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona kohola kohola i hoʻohihi i kona mākau i ka maikaʻi loa. Hele ʻūlū aku lākou i nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia me ka leo ʻole a ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Ua ʻōnaehana ka ʻimi noiʻi Sikekia ʻo Erich Hoyt i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa a ʻike ʻia ka papaʻai o nā kohola kohola i:
- 31 ʻano iʻa;
- 9 ʻano manu;
- 2 ʻano cephalopods;
- 1 ʻano honu;
- ʻili kai.
Ke lawa ka meaʻai, ʻoluʻolu nā kohola kohola i ko lākou mau hoa hele a launa pū me nā cetaceans ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina like. Akā i ka papa o ka papaʻai papaʻai, e hōʻeha nā koholā mea pōloli i nā dolphins ʻē aʻe, nā pinniped a me nā koholā me ke kānalua ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole mea nui ka nui o ka mea pio: ʻo ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā kohola kohola e hoʻouka i ka mea pio nui.
Koi aku kēia mau pilikua iā 50 a i 150 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻohana nui o nā kohola kohola he mau ʻono. Makemake kekahi i nā pinnipeds, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - penguins a me nā manu kai, nā ʻimi ʻē aʻe i nā shoals o ka herring.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hiki i nā kohola kohola ke nānā aku mai ka wai e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
Ma ka ʻimi holoholona, hana kūlike nā koholā kohola me ka mālie, ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo e kāʻili i kahi ʻāpana pilikino nui aʻe. Ma ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke haki i kahi hoʻolālā. ʻIke i ka hoʻopili pū ʻana o nā kula o ka hopu, kohola nā kohola koholā iā lākou i kahi ʻano kinipōpō, a laila hoʻokū i ka iʻa me ka nui o nā huelo ikaika. Ma hope o ia mau hana, hiki i nā lālā o ka ʻohana hānai ke komo wale i ka iʻa neʻe ʻole e lana ana i luna o ka wai.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ka hopu holoholona a i ʻole nā sila e ka kohola kohola ʻaʻole mea hoihoi iki. Inā ua noho ka pinnipeds ma luna o kahi pahu hau liʻiliʻi, a laila hoʻokuʻu nā kohola pepehi kanaka i kahi mau poʻo poʻo ikaika i ka paina hau, e hoʻolei wale i kā lākou mea pio i loko o ka wai. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei i ko lākou kino iho i kahi hau hau a, e heʻe pū ana me ka ʻōpū o lākou, e hopu i nā penguins a me nā pinnipeds ma kā lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
Inā no ka ʻaina awakea hiki i ka kohola kohola ke ʻike i kahi kohola a i ʻole nā mea pio ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke make me hoʻokahi hahau, hoʻopau nā kohola kohola i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me ka hoʻouka kaua mau ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, huki i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo, nahu i ka ʻili a me nā ʻiʻo a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kūʻē ʻO nā manawa o ka pakele ola ʻana mai kahi ʻohana pōloli ua aneane ʻole.
Akā ʻo nā kānaka, kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo lehulehu, ʻaʻole ia he meaʻai maikaʻi no nā kohola kohola. ʻO nā hōʻeha āpau i ka poʻe i hana ʻia e nā holoholona ʻeha, a i ʻole iā lākou iho.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Orca
Noho nā kohola kohola i loko o nā pūʻolo, kēlā me kēia me kahi kuʻuna ʻimi holoholona, ka nohona kaiaulu a me nā makemake i ka meaʻai kikoʻī. ʻO kēia mau ʻano kumu o ke ola ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma kekahi mau wahi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kohola kohola i nā ʻano kaʻawale. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kohola kohola Pākīpika e nā ʻepekema noiʻi i ʻelua mau hui: nā koholā kaiāulu a me nā mea make. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole kamaʻilio nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau hui me kekahi a ʻaʻole hoa kāne, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia i nā panalāʻau like.
ʻO nā koholā kaiā kanaka noho, a, e like me kā lākou e kapa ʻia nei, he koholā pepehi kanaka homebody, hānai nui i nā iʻa a i nā manawa maʻamau ʻimi i nā pinnipeds. ʻAʻole ola kēia ʻano kohola kohola i ka inoa kohola mea pepehi kanaka me kāna ʻano a me ka hoʻolālā hopu. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā hui o 12-15 mau kānaka a, e kau ana i kahi kolamu a laina paha, e ʻimi nei i nā kula iʻa. I kēia hihia, kū i ke ākea i ka lewa a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio ma muli o ka hana pilikino ʻana.
Ke noho mālie nei nā kohola pepehi kanaka ma ka hopu holoholona a hoʻokele iā lākou iho ma o ka hoʻolohe wale ʻana i nā leo o ke kai, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea pio hiki ke lohe maʻalahi i kā lākou "hōʻailona kāhea". Pepehi kanaka maoli kēia kohola kohola. Alualu lākou i nā hui o 3-5 mau kānaka, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou papaʻai ma mua o ka ʻohana kamaʻāina.
- nā ʻāpāpā;
- kohola;
- nā pinnipeds like ʻole;
- ʻĀkena kai;
- mau kai kai;
- nā penguins.
He mea hoihoi: "Aia kekahi mau hihia ke hōʻeuʻeu nā koholā mea pepehi i ka dia a me ka elk e ʻau ana ma nā auwai liʻiliʻi."
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Killer Whale Cub
Pili kaiāulu kohola a launa pū kekahi me kekahi. I ka papa o ka ulu ʻana o ka laha, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano lawena o ka hoʻoneʻe kai pūʻulu, kahi mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hui kaiaulu o nā kohola kohola. ʻO ke kumu o ka pūʻulu makuahine, e hoʻopili ana i kahi wahine makua a me kāna keiki o nā kāne like ʻole. ʻO ia mau hui e pili ana ma kahi o 18 mau kānaka pili koko. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi kāne ke alakaʻi i ka ʻohana hipa, akā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa kēlā mau hihia, noho aliʻi ka wahine koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻohana o nā kohola kohola.
He hōʻailona hōʻailona ko kēlā me kēia ʻohana no ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kekahi me kekahi, ka ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo ʻia, e hōʻike ana no kekahi hui. Ma loko o kahi ʻeke, hoʻopili paʻa nā kohola koholā i kekahi i kekahi a ʻoluʻolu. Inā kū nā hakakā ma waena o lākou, a laila pau lākou, ma ke ʻano he rula, me ka pā huhū ʻana o nā lihilihi a i ʻole ka huelo ma ka wai. Mālama nā kohola kohola i nā kānaka kahiko a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.
No ka hopu manu kūleʻa a me nā pilina pili kaiāulu, hiki i nā ʻeke ke hoʻololi i nā lālā o ka hui i waena o lākou iho. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kēlā mau manawa ke kū mai ka moʻo o kēlā me kēia kanaka, kahi e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ke koko.
Me ka awelika ke ola o 75-100 mau makahiki, hiki i nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpio ma kahi o 12-14 mau makahiki, hoʻomau ka wā hānau a hiki lākou i 40 mau makahiki. Noho nā kāne i nā ola pōkole, ma ka awelika ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ke ola o nā kohola kohola i ka paʻa pio ʻana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ko lākou wahi maoli.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu pololei ʻia ka wā hānau no nā kohola kohola wahine, akā ʻo 16-17 mau mahina ia. Hānau ʻia nā Cubs ma ke alapine o 5 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka manawa liʻiliʻi ma waena o ko lākou hānau ʻana he 2 mau makahiki. I ke ola holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka wahine ke loaʻa i ʻeono mau keiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kohola kohola
Kiʻi: Nā kohola kohola i ke kai
Hāʻawi ke Kūlohelohe i ka kohola kohola me ka noʻonoʻo ikaika, ka mea, e ulu pono ana i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, a hoʻonoho iā ia ma ka piko o ka moana kai meaʻai holoholona. Kakaʻa ʻole ka poʻe noho kai e hakakā hou i kēia predator ikaika, no laila, i ka nohona kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka kohola kohola.
ʻO ka mea koe wale nō he koholā humpback, i ʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i nā hana e keʻakeʻa ana i ka ʻimi holoholona kohola. ʻAneʻane lākou e launa pū me nā mea puaʻa a liʻiliʻi loa me nā mea ʻai iʻa. Aia kekahi manawa ʻo ka humpbacks ka mea mua e hoʻokokoke i nā koholā mea pepehi kanaka i ka wā e ʻimi ai no nā cetaceans a i ʻole pinnipeds ʻē aʻe, akā pale pinepine lākou i kā lākou ʻōpio a ʻōpio hoʻi mai ka hoʻouka kaua mai o nā mea ʻaihue pōloli. ʻO nā pilikana loloa a lohi loa hoʻi kēia mau pilikua, kahi i hoʻonui ʻia me nā molluscs, hiki ke lilo i mau mea kaua weliweli loa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā koholā puʻupuʻu wale nō nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke ola kai i hiki ke holo i nā kohola kohola.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka kūʻē ma waena o nā kohola kohola a me nā koholā humpback ʻaʻole i maopopo piha. Manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi aia kekahi ʻano altruism e hana ʻia ma aneʻi, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā holoholona hihiu, ke holo wikiwiki nā holoholona e pale aku ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou ʻohana, akā me nā ʻelele o kekahi laha.
Wahi a kekahi mana, hana nā humpbacks i ka leo o nā kohola kohola. A ʻoiai he hāmau nā karnivora, i ka wā o kahi hoʻouka a i ʻole ma hope koke paha, kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi. Maliʻa paha ʻo kēia mau "kamaʻilio kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana" ka mea e hoʻohihi i ka manaʻo o nā koholā. I kēlā me kēia hihia, he ʻano maʻalahi ko nā humpbacks: inā kū mai nā koholā pepehi kanaka i kahi mea kokoke, pono ʻoe e komo.
Mālama nā koholā hoʻomake i ka like i nā pilina me nā manō tiger, nā koholā sperm a ... nā poʻe, e noʻonoʻo nei e hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi inā he hakakā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: kohola kohola a me cub
Hoʻolahalaha nā kohola kohola ma nā moana, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia ke kūlana o ka hapa nui o ko lākou lehulehu. Pale ʻia nā mea āpau ma lalo o ke kānāwai International Protection Mammal Protection (MMPA).
ʻAʻole ʻike nui ʻia nā kumu ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna poʻe kohola a e hoʻomau ʻia paha ka noiʻi ʻana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou aku i nā mea e pono ai e hoʻohuli i kēia ʻano.
Eia kekahi o nā kumu kūpono:
- hoʻemi i ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻai i loaʻa i nā holoholona;
- nā poloka hydroserm persisten e kumu i ka hana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana immune a reproductive paha;
- kahe aila;
- halulu a me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana mai nā moku e hoʻopilikia i ka echolocation maoli.
Kohola kohola hāʻawi ʻia me ka ʻike kūpono no ke ola, akā ma muli o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka honua ma luna o ke kaiaola o ka Honua Honua, aia ka heluna kanaka e kokoke i ka make. Ua pale aku nā pūʻulu noiʻi he nui, nā ʻepekema, nā hale hana kaiapuni i kēia mammal kai kū hoʻokahi a mana hoʻi. I kā lākou hana, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e ʻike i nā ala kūpono e mālama ai i ka helu o nā kohola kohola a pale iā lākou mai ka nalo ʻana mai ka ʻili o ka Honua.
Lā paʻi: 17.03.2019
Lā hou: 09/15/2019 ma 18:13
