Piha ke kai i nā mea pohihihi a me nā mea huna. ʻO nā kamaʻāina o ka hohonu he ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi. ʻO kekahi o nā kamaʻāina maʻamau ʻole ka predatory iʻa pahi kaua... ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua (Sword-bearer) pili i ka iʻa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka iʻa, ʻo ke kaʻahua kahi perch-like. He kupa nui kēia e hiki ke neʻe me ka wikiwiki.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: iʻa Sword
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano i ka makahiki 1758 e ka naturalist a me ke kauka Kuekene - ʻo Karl Linnaeus. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hana i kekahi o nā puke o ka puke "The System of Nature". ʻO ka inoa o kēia ʻano mai ka Lākina "gladius" - "sword", a me ka inoa o ka genus mai ka lat. "Xiphias" - "he pahi kaua pōkole i koi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua." A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i loli ka inoa o ka laha. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana swordfish.
Hōʻike ka inoa o ka predator i kona helehelena ʻokoʻa: ʻo ka ulu lōʻihi o nā iwi o ka iwi ā luna i ke ʻano a me ka nui e like me kahi mea kaua maoli, e like me ka pahi kaua, kahi kokoke i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa iho. Kapa ʻia kēia iwi ā rostrum. 'Saylelo nā kānakaʻepekema biological, mahalo iā ia, ua hoʻohoka ka iʻa iʻa i kā lākou mea pio, e wāwahi ana i nā kula mackerel a me nā tuna. ʻAʻole ʻeha ka iʻa i kēlā mau hana, ʻoiai ma ke kumu o kāna "pahi kaua" he mau mea momona momona e palupalu i ka ikaika o ka pā.
Video: iʻa Sword
I kekahi manawa hoʻouka ka mea lawe pahi kaua i nā moku pū kekahi. ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka wehewehe ma ka ʻepekema. I kekahi manawa ua unuhi ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka iʻa o ka pahi kaua e lawe i ka moku no kona ʻenemi (ʻo kahi laʻana, he kohola).
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I ka 2015, ua hou kahi mea pahi kaua i ka mea nāna i lūlū iā ia i ka umauma. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka make o ka mea hahai holoholona i lalo o ka wai.
He iʻa kalepa waiwai ka iʻa pahi kaua. Loaʻa ka honua ma mua o 100 tausani tone i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hana ka mea lawe pahi kaua i kahi neʻe lōʻihi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pahi kaua iʻa kai
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua kahi noho kai nui. Ua piʻi ka nui o ke kino i 3 mau mika, a ulu kekahi i kahi lōʻihi o ʻaneʻane 5 mau mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua mai 300 a 550 kg. I kona helehelena, ua like ka predator me kahi mea kaua lethal ikaika (no laila ka inoa o ka laha). ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka moana ka protrusion lōʻihi o ka ā luna, e like me ka pahi kaua. ʻO 1/3 ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa i kahi iʻa kahi ihu lōlō me nā māiʻu maxillary, a hūnā ʻia kahi papa momona momona ma lalo ona. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mea noho e haki, no ka laʻana, metala 2-3 cm ka mānoanoa, me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha. He waha ākea loa ko ka iʻa pahi kaua. ʻO nā iʻa ʻōpio wale nō nā niho. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua lilo ka mea ʻaihue iā lākou. ʻO nā pēpē (hiki i nā 1 m) nā kākalaioa liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou mau kino. Loaʻa i nā predators ʻōpio nā ʻāpana i ke kino, a nalowale pū kekahi i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. ʻAʻohe unahi o ka iʻa pahi kaua, akā he kino hoʻomohala a paheʻe maoli kona. He ʻano semi-moon ko ka hiʻu.
ʻEleʻele pinepine ke kala o kēia mau kānaka me kahi aniani uliuli. ʻO nā maka polū. ʻAʻohe o nā kupa pelvic kēia mea noho, akā aia nā dorsal, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā pectoral fins, hoʻopau ʻia i nā ʻāpana 2. ʻO ke poʻoʻeleʻele kiʻekiʻe, triangular mua i puka mai ke kua o ke poʻo, a aia ke kua ma kahi o ka huelo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino e ʻae iā ʻoe e hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 130 km / h! ʻ saylelo nā kānaka ʻepekema-ichthyologists ʻo ka wikiwiki nui o ka lanakila ʻana i ke kolamu wai e uhaʻi i nā kānāwai a pau o ka physics i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā pahi kaua he 10 mau makahiki. Noho lōʻihi nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nui.
Ma hea e noho ai ka iʻa pahi kaua?
Kiʻi: Iʻa pahi kaua nani
Makemake ke Swordfish i nā aniau mehana. I kekahi manawa ʻauʻau ʻo ia i ka lā a hoʻolele i ka moʻo, aia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻino ma ka moana Atelanika, ʻInia a me ka Pākīpika, ʻo ia hoʻi, he wai tropical a subtropical kēia, kahi kahi manawa hana no ka mahi ʻai.
He wā neʻe kēia mau kānaka ke neʻe kahi o ka noho i kahi wai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻauʻau lākou i nā latitude mahana: Mediterranean, Marmara, ʻEleʻele, kai Azov. I ka ʻāpana anuanu, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou, no ka laʻana, loaʻa lākou i ke Kai ʻĀkau. I ke kauwela, ʻauʻau ka iʻa i loko o nā wai anuanu, a laila hoʻi me ka loli o ka mahana o ka nohona.
ʻO ka wai punahele no ke ola he 12-15 kekelē (hana kope ʻia ma 23 kekelē). Ola nā hua ʻai a me nā hua ma 24 kekelē. Noho ka iʻa pahi kaua ma kahi hohonu o 800 mika, inā pono, hiki iā ia ke iho i 2800 m. I ke ao, makemake ka mea lawe pahi kaua e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa i ke kolamu wai, a i ka pō aia ma ka papa. ʻO ka awelika o ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa pahi kaua ma kahi o 34 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻAʻole ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i loko o nā kula a kula paha, akā ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho kaʻawale. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pālua i nā wā o ka hana kope hana. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kamaʻāina o kēia ʻano mai 10 a 100 m mai kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole noho ka laʻana i ke kahakai. ʻAʻole noho ka iʻa pahi kaua ma nā latitude Arctic. ʻIke ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka lele ʻana o ka iʻa pahi mai ka wai. ʻO kēia ka mea e pakele ai ke kanaka i nā parasites e hoʻomaka i ko lākou kino.
He aha ka ʻai a ka iʻa pahi kaua?
Kiʻi: iʻa Sword
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua kahi mea ʻaihue kūpono a me kahi mea hahai holoholona ikaika. Nui ka papaʻai (nā iʻa, nā ʻāpana, plankton, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). He niho liʻiliʻi kā ka Swordfish fry a me kahi ihu lahilahi. ʻAi lākou i ka plankton i loaʻa pinepine a ulu wikiwiki. No laila aia kahi hoʻololi lohi e lilo i makua.
I ke alualu ʻana i kāna mea pio, hoʻomohala ka mea pahi kaua i ka wikiwiki a i 140 km / h. Mahalo i ka ʻokoke o ka maka, hiki i ka mea ʻino ke ʻike a hopu i kāna mea pio ma ke kolamu wai o ka moana. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hūnā mai kahi mea ʻino! Ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o ka wai i kahi hohonu o 800 m, a neʻe pū hoʻi ma luna, ma waena o ka wai hāmama a me nā wahi kai, ʻai ʻo ia i nā meaola nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. I kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻai ka mea lawe pahi kaua i nā mea āpau i kū i kona ala. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui me kahi mea ʻoka (e like me ka manō).
I kahi mea nui aʻe, ʻo ka papaʻai nā:
- heʻe;
- ʻakaʻakai;
- hānai manu;
- ʻakaʻakai;
- tuna;
- kai bass;
- crustaceans;
- heleuma;
- hake
I kekahi manawa he iʻa pahi kaua, i loaʻa i kahi mea i hōʻeha ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokū iā ia me kahi "pahi kaua". Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi aia i ka ʻōpū o kēia kanaka he heʻe, iʻa i ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana a i hōʻino ʻia e ka "pahi kaua". Hoʻohui, hiki i ka predator ke ale i ka meaʻai āpau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: hiki i ka iʻa pahi kaua ke hoʻouka i nā koholā! ʻAʻole wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano e nā ʻepekema, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻai kēia kanaka i ka ʻi kohola.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pahi kaua iʻa Swordfish
He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā ka mea lawe pahi kaua:
- holo wikiwiki nui;
- hana kūikawā o nā gills;
- mahana wela o ke kino;
- hoʻouka kaua (moku).
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua ka mea i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke kai, e halihali ana i kahi mea kaua ma ke ʻano o ka pahi kaua ʻoi. Hoʻohālikelike kēia iā ia me kahi iʻa weliweli a me nā predatory, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. He ʻano kūikawā kā ka iʻa o ka iʻa. Hana lākou ʻaʻole wale i ka hana o ka hanu ʻana, akā ʻo ka ʻenekini mokulele kekahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke neʻe wikiwiki kahi iʻa, kahe ka wai i kahi kahawai pau ʻole ma o nā gills a hoʻolei ʻia i waho me ke kōkua o lākou ma lalo o ke kaomi. I ka manawa like, hoʻopili ka iʻa pahi kaua a hoʻonui i nā gills, kahi e kōkua ai e kaohi i ke kahe o ka wai.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka wela kino ʻokoʻa. ʻAneʻane hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kakini kekelika ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mahana o ka wai e noho ai nā iʻa. ʻO kahi waiwai kūikawā ka mea nāna ka pahi kaua i kahi ʻōnaehana maka e hoʻomehana i ke koko. ʻAe kēia i ka iʻa e ʻaneʻane ʻole e ʻike ʻia i ka hohonu o ke kai i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ka ʻau o ka lolo a me nā maka.
ʻO ia mau hiʻohiʻona e ʻae i ka iʻa pahi kaua e neʻe mau i ka neʻe a me ke kūlana hana. Mākaukau mau ʻo ia no ka hoʻolei wikiwiki ʻana a hopu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a hōʻalo koke hoʻi i kona mau ʻenemi. He maʻa ka mea lawe pahi kaua i ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā moku a i nā moku nui paha. Ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa, hāʻawi ʻia kēia i ka ikaika nui e ʻō. Hoʻopili ka pahi kaua i ka sheathing me nā papa hao a me nā lāʻau ʻoka mānoanoa. Ma lalo o ia mau ʻano, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka pā i ka iʻa ponoʻī.
Akā aia kekahi pilikia hou nona: i kekahi manawa ua paʻa ka pahi kaua i lalo o ka moku, a ʻaʻole hiki ke huki ʻia a haki paha. Minamina, ma hope o ka make o ka mea lawe pahi kaua. No nā lawaiʻa, he lawaiʻa waiwai kēia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pahi kaua iʻa kai
Makemake ʻo Swordfish e alualu a neʻe pākahi ma mua o nā hui. Hana kūʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia meʻa i kona mau hoanoho. I ka wā hānau wale nō hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu hui ʻana. I kēlā mau manawa, hoʻokokoke ka poʻe ma nā kahakai no ka hana hānau. ʻO ka mahana wai maikaʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana he 24 kekelē, akā ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa. Ua hōʻea ʻo Caviar i ka nui (a i 1,8 mm) a he puke momona kāna.
He unahi unahi kūkae ka iʻa iʻa ʻia a me nā ʻoka ʻoʻoi, aia i ka lālani. ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā peʻa, akā aia ma ke ʻano paʻa. Noho mua ʻo Fry ma luna o ka wai, me ka hāʻule ʻole ma lalo o 3 mau mika. Eia hou, me ka ulu ʻana, ulu ka ulu a hoʻololi i ka hana o nā mea ʻaihue. Ulu hou ka pahi kaua ke hiki aku ka iʻa i ka lōʻihi o 8 mm, a me ka lōʻihi o 1 cm, hiki i ka mea lawe pahi kaua ke ʻimi i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka predator i 60 cm.
Ke holo mālie nei ke kaʻina hana o ka loli i kahi mākua me ka ʻole o nā loli koke. Loaʻa i kahi iʻa 1 mika ka lōʻihi i nā ʻano āpau o ke kanaka makua. Ma nā makahiki 3, neʻe ka hapa nui o nā swordtails ʻōpio i nā wai palena o nā latitude tropical, kahi e hoʻomau ai lākou i ka hānai nui, ulu a ulu.
Hana ʻia ka ʻōpio ke loaʻa kahi kino o 140-170 cm i hiki (ʻo kēia ma kahi o 5 a 6 mau makahiki). ʻO ka momona o ka iʻa pahi kaua ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka nui o ka wahine, ʻo ka nui o kāna hāpai ʻana. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi wahine ke kaupaona 65 kg ke hānau hou ma kahi o 15 miliona mau hua.
Pipi ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kiʻi: iʻa Sword
He helehelena weliweli a weliweli hoʻi ka iʻa pahi. Me kāna hana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe o ke kai. ʻOiai kēia, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka mea lawe pahi kaua. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka kohola kohola. E hoʻouka kēia mammal i ka iʻa pahi kaua, akā ʻo ka poʻe mākua, ma muli o ko lākou kino nunui, hāʻawi i kahi rebuff ʻoi loa i nā kohola kohola. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi ka manō mako a i ʻole ka manō hina-polū. Alualu pinepine ʻo ia i nā pahi kaua ʻōpio i aʻo ʻole i ka pehea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho. E hakakā nā lunamakaʻāinana mākua i ka manō a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka ʻenemi mai ka pahi kaua ʻana.
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o ka iʻa pahi kaua (a ʻo nā holoholona a me nā iʻa a pau) ke kāne. ʻEha ka iʻa i ka lawaiʻa pelagic. Aia kekahi lawaiʻa haʻuki, kahi e lawaiʻa ai ka trolling. Ke ʻimi nei i kēia iʻa mai ka wā kahiko e kiʻi i ka ʻiʻo ʻono. ʻAno loa a pipiʻi hoʻi ia, ʻaʻohe ona ʻono a "muliwai" a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi.
Aia i ka pehea a me ka mea a nā iʻa i ʻai ai, hiki i ka ʻiʻo ke ʻulaʻula, ʻalani (inā ʻo ka shrimp ka mea nui i ka papaʻai) a keʻokeʻo paha. ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia ka hoʻopiha keʻokeʻo, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hopohopo nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka hana o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo mai nā swordtails, ʻoiai he momona maikaʻi kā lākou.
ʻO kahi mea nui: cont conticated ka ʻiʻo swordtail no nā wahine hāpai a me nā keiki ʻōpio, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻona ia ma muli o ka nui o nā cometa organometallic i loko.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Swordfish
Ua alakaʻi ka ʻepekema i ka noiʻi a ua helu ʻia ma kahi o 40% o nā kamaʻāina kai kokoke i ka luhi. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻēmi i ka hopu, a laila ma 2050 hiki ke hōʻailona ke hoʻokokoke a piʻi aʻe paha i 90%. Hele mai ka pilikia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka nalo ʻana o nā iʻa a me nā mollusks, make pū kekahi poʻe nui. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana ʻaʻole wale ia he lawaiʻa kūhelu, akā ʻo ka lawaiʻa amatir kekahi, a ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa o nā mea āpau, ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lawaiʻa.
I kēia mau lā, aia mau ka nūhou e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa kūpono ʻole ʻana i nā iʻa waiwai - swordtails. No kēia mau kumu, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻupena hohonu a i ʻole nā ʻupena hoʻoweliweli kūikawā. ʻO ka hui kaulana "Greenpeace" 10 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua kau i ka pahi kaua ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o nā iʻa iʻa, aia ma nā papa o ka hale kūʻai i nā puke nui, kahi hopena o ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Swordfish (Swordsman) kahi ʻano kūikawā a me nā helehelena, a lilo ia i ʻenemi a i ʻole pale kūpaʻa hilinaʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hakakā me ka lawaiʻa palena ʻole ʻana no kēia iʻa, akā ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o kona heluna kanaka, mahalo i ka momona. ʻO ka iʻa kahi mea ʻaihue a lawe pio no nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai (manō a me nā kohola kohola), a me ka meaʻai no nā kānaka. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo mau i nā mālama o ka honua i ka nui o ka nui. ʻAʻole pono ia e hoʻopau wale, akā e pale a mālama hoʻi i nā mea e hoʻopuni iā mākou.
Lā paʻi: 08.03.2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 21:15
