I loko nō o ka helehelena formidable, bea ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole hōʻike pinepine ka huhū a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka. Noho kūpono ʻo ia ma loko o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me Mekiko waena, koho ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau hiki ʻole ke komo ʻia a me nā wahi mauna. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻoweliweli ʻia kona laha me ka luku loa ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻEleʻele
ʻO ka bea ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole kapa ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ka baribal, he mammal o ke kauoha predatory, ʻo ka ʻohana bear, kahi ʻano bea. ʻO ia ka bea maʻamau ma ʻAmelika holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻonui ʻia kona pae mai Alaska, Kanada, ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina ʻo US, a ma waena o Mexico. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ke kumu o ka bear ʻeleʻele ma mua o 12 tausani mau makahiki. ʻO kona kūpuna he holoholona e like me ka nui o ka lāhui lūlū.
Video: ʻEleʻele
Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana me nā ʻelele nui o nā bea e like me ka bea pōkole i nalowale ma kahi o 10 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei a me ka bear grizzly bear, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o lākou, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. Ua maʻa ʻo ia i ka noho ʻana i nā wahi makamae e like me nā ana, nā ʻāina mauna, nā ululāʻau impenetrable a me nā wahi pohō.
I ka wā o ka wā waena, ua hōʻike nui ʻia ka baribal ma waena o ʻEulopa, akā ua kinai ʻia a i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma laila. Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa Latin ka bear American ma muli o ka ʻāina o ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano, akā hāʻawi ʻia ia ma hope wale nō o kona luku ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka honua.
I kēia manawa, ʻike ka ʻepekema i 16 mau ʻāpana o ka bear ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili kēia - bear bear, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele aeto, a pēlā aku. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana āpau i kēlā me kēia ma kahi nohona, nā ʻano ʻai, nā paona, ka nui a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, me kēia mau ʻokoʻa, hana lākou i hoʻokahi ʻano - bea ʻeleʻele. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano bear, ʻo ia kona mānoanoa, ʻeleʻele loa huluhulu.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Bea ʻeleʻele holoholona
ʻOkoʻa ka bea ʻAmelika mai kona mau hoahānau nunui i kona nui awelika.
- ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 170 kenimika;
- huelo - 8-12 kenimika;
- ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo - a 100 kenimika.
Ma waena o nā bea ʻeleʻele, aia kekahi mau kānaka liʻiliʻi ʻelua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 kg, a me nā bea nunui e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 300 kg. ʻO ke kaulike maʻamau he 150 mau kilokilo. ʻO ka ʻano nui o ka nui ma muli o ka nui o 16 mau ʻāpana i ke ʻano, ʻokoʻa i ke kaupaona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ma kahi o ka hapakolu.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kahi waha waha, ākea ākea, nā pepeiao nunui. Kiʻekiʻena nā kapuaʻi, me nā wāwae pōkole a me nā kui kuʻikuʻi lōʻihi, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka piʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa mai kona kaikaina kokoke loa, ʻo ka bear grizzly, ka ʻole o kahi puʻupuʻu poʻohiwi a me kahi maeele haʻahaʻa.
He pōkole a ʻōlinolino ke kapa o ka bear American, ʻeleʻele loa. Hana pinepine ia a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki o ka baribala bear cubs ke ʻano o ke kala, a laila hoʻololi i ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka maʻamau ma lalo pono o ka ʻāʻī hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kiko o ke keʻokeʻo, ka beige a i ʻole ke kala ʻalani ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa i nā ʻepekema nā kala ʻē aʻe kekahi. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau e brown. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻeleʻele ke loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpala like. ʻO nā kala ʻeleʻele hou aku i uliuli-ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo-melemele, ʻaʻole ia he hōʻike o ka albinism.
Hiki i ke ola ke hiki i 25 mau makahiki, akā ma kahi o 90% o nā bea ʻaʻole i hiki i 2 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kumu o ka make ka poʻe hahai holoholona a ʻaihue paha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bea ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: Bea ʻeleʻele nui
Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Baribala ʻaneʻane ma waena o Kanada, Alaska, ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina ʻo US, a ma waena hoʻi o Mexico. ʻO kona wahi noho kai ʻo ia nō ka haʻahaʻa a me nā ululāʻau mauna, akā hiki iā ia ke hele i waho o lākou i nā wahi ākea e ʻimi ai i kahi pio. I nā wahi mauna hiki ke piʻi i luna i 3000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
I ka hoʻoilo, hibernates ka bear ʻeleʻele. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolako i kahi ana i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, e uhi ana iā ia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a i ʻole nā lau, a ʻeli wale paha i kahi lua liʻiliʻi i ka lepo a moe i loko o ka wā o ka hau. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau i nā bea ʻeleʻele ma muli paha o ka ulu ʻana o lākou me nā ʻano nui o nā bea, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo ka bear grizzly, i nalowale ma kahi o 10,000 mau makahiki i hala a ke ola nei, nāna i hoʻouka i ka wahi ākea.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa nā baribal i nā wahi unspoiled, hihiu a me nā kua'āina. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i ka noho ʻana i nā wahi kaiāulu, ke lawa ka meaʻai. No laila, ʻo ka wahi noho o ka bear ʻeleʻele kahi wahi i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia me nā mea kanu paʻa a me ke komo manuahi i ka meaʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka bea ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: ʻO Black Bear mai ʻAmelika
ʻO ka baribal kahi omnivore. ʻO kāna papaʻai nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu i ulu: mauʻu, hua a me nā hua. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻano ʻai mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi. Nānā ʻole i kona nohona, hānai ka bear ʻeleʻele i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe-carbohydrate a me nā meaʻai i loaʻa ka pākēneka haʻahaʻa o ka beck a me ka momona.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hānai i nā mea kolo a me kā lākou larvae, ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa. ʻO kaʻiʻo i loko o kāna papaʻai ʻo ia ka carrion. ʻAi ka bear ʻeleʻele i nā vertebrates wale nō i nā hihia kūikawā, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he predator hana.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo kēlā mau bea e hoʻopau i nā meaʻai i loko o ka protein i ʻoi loa ke kaumaha a hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka momona. Hiki i ka bea ʻeleʻele ke ʻai e like me ka mea e komo ai i loko. A laila hiamoe ʻo ia, a laila hoʻomaka hou e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
I ka wā hibernation a i ka puna, ke nele ka meaʻai, ola ke bear no ka momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. I ʻApelila a me Mei, lilo ka mauʻu i kumu o ka meaʻai a ka baribal. I ke kauwela, lilo i mea ʻokoʻa nā meaʻai, me nā larvae, nā ʻelala, nā hua, nā ʻalalā a me nā ʻākala e hōʻike ʻia i loko. I nā wahi o Alaska a me Kanada, ke hele ka salemona i ka spawn, hele mai nā baribal i ka wai papau a me nā iʻa.
I ka hāʻule, pono e mālama ka bear ʻeleʻele i ka nui o ka momona subcutaneile. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o kēia pukana no nā wahine, no ka mea pono lākou e hānai i nā keiki i ka wā hoʻoilo. Mālama nā mālama mālama momona i nā bea a kōkua iā lākou e ola i ka manawa pōloli.
No laila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papaʻai o ka bea ʻeleʻele i:
- nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu (nā lau, nā mauʻu, nā hua, nā lau, nā nati);
- ilo:
- larva o nā ilo;
- ʻiʻo (ka hulu nui a me nā rodents liʻiliʻi);
- iʻa (salmon i ka wā e hānau ana);
- ka meaʻai o ke kanaka (ke hele aku ka holoholona i kahi e noho ai ke kanaka).
Nā ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Bea ʻeleʻele i ka nahele
Noho kaʻawale ka nui o nā bea ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ka wā moena a me nā bear-bear me nā keiki. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻauana i loko o nā hui, ma nā wahi i lawa ka meaʻai. I kēia hihia, kūkulu ʻia kahi hierarchy e like me ka nohona kanaka i ka ʻohana.
ʻO ka wā o ka hana ke ahiahi, a i ʻole ke kakahiaka nui. Eia nō naʻe, inā pono e hōʻole i ka hui ʻana me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā kānaka, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona pō. Kaha nā kāne i ko lākou panalāʻau me ka pilau e hoʻoweliweli aku i nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Kaha lākou i ko lākou panalāʻau, hamo i ko lākou kua i ka lāʻau. Noho kekahi bear mai 5 a 50 km2, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau wahine ma ke kaona o hoʻokahi bea.
ʻO ka hopena o ka hāʻule ka manawa o ka hibernation. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai 5 a 7 mau mahina, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke anilā a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. I loko o kona manawa, hāʻule ke kino o ka bea i 10 kekelē Celsius. He mamao loa ʻo Baribal mai ka bea clumsy. Hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 55 km / h, ʻauʻau maikaʻi a hiki ke ʻau i kahi mau mile ʻelua. Maikaʻi loa ka bea ʻeleʻele i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, mahalo nui i nā maiuu i hoʻolālā ʻia no kēia. No laila, ʻo kēia mau bea he ikaika, wikiwiki, paʻakikī a lawa wikiwiki nā holoholona.
He ʻala maikaʻi loa ko ka bea ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku i ke kanaka hoʻokahi haneli manawa, he lohe maikaʻi hoʻi kāna, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kanaka i nā manawa ʻelua. Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hiki i ka ʻike naʻau kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau holoholona. ʻAʻole huhū iki kēia mau bea. Hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻalo i ka hakakā, peʻe a holo paha. E pili ana i kahi kanaka hana makaʻu lākou a makemake ʻole e hoʻouka, akā e holo aku.
Inā hālāwai kekahi kanaka me kahi baribal, ʻaʻole pono ia e hoʻohālike i ka make ʻana, no ka mea he poʻe ʻili manu lākou, a hoʻāʻo paha e piʻi i kahi kumulāʻau, no ka mea piʻi pono kēia mau bea iā lākou. E hoʻōla, e hoʻoweliweli i ka holoholona me ka uē nui.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻEleʻele Cubs
Hiki i ke teritori o hoʻokahi kāne ke komo i ka panalāʻau o kekahi wahine. Hui nā wahine me nā kāne i ka wā estrus. Pili ka estrus mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kau moʻo a hiki i ka hānau maoli ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka wā male mai Iune a hiki i ka hapa mua o Iulai.
A hiki i ke kauwela, ʻaʻole hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua momona i loko o ka kōpū. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ʻaʻole hiki koke ke implantation, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 220 mau lā, a inā loaʻa kahi lawa kūpono o ka momona subcutaneile. Ma nā hebedoma he 10 wale nō i hala ka ulu ʻana o ka embryo.
Hānau ʻia nā pōpō i Ianuali a i Pepeluali paha, i ka manawa o ka hibernation. ʻOkoʻa ka helu o nā pahu mai 1 a 5. Maʻamau he 2-3 o lākou i kahi ʻōpala. I ka wā hānau, he 200 a 400 paha ka nui o ka bea ʻeleʻele. ʻO ia kekahi o nā liʻiliʻi o nā cubs mammalian i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi mākua.
Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpala a makapō a nāwaliwali hoʻi. I ka hoʻoilo o ka makuahine, hānai lākou i kāna waiū a noho pū me ia. Ma ka punawai hiki lākou i 2 a 5 kilokilo. Hoʻoki lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka waiū i nā makahiki 6-8, akā haʻalele i ka makuahine ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i 17 mau mahina. I kēia mau manawa āpau, aʻo aku ka makuahine i nā keiki i nā mākau e pono ai ke ola. Komo wale nā kāne i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, e pale ana iā lākou mai nā pilikia kūpono, me ka ʻole o ke komo pololei ʻana i kā lākou aʻo ʻana.
Hānau ʻia nā pōpō i Ianuali a i Pepeluali paha, i ka manawa pinepine o ka hiamoe ʻana o ka makuahine. Hoʻololi ka helu o nā cubs mai 1 a 5. Maʻamau ka 2-3 mau keiki i kahi ʻōpala. Kaupaona ʻia kahi baribal hānau hou ma waena o 200 a 400 gram. I ka hānau ʻana, makapō a pale ʻole lākou. Noho lākou me ko lākou makuahine i ka hoʻoilo a pau a hānai i kāna waiū. I ka hoʻomaka o ka puna, hiki ke kaumaha o nā cubs mai 2 a 5 kilokilo.
Hiki i ka wahine ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki a i ʻole ma hope iki. Hiki iā lākou ke hānau keiki i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka piha ʻana o ka wā ʻōpio. Makua kāne i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ko lākou ulu ʻana a 10-12 mau makahiki. ʻO ia ka manawa i lilo ai lākou i nui loa i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomalu i nā bea ʻōpio me ka hana ʻole i ka hakakā.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā bea ʻeleʻele
Kiʻi: Black Bear Baribal
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mākua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā bea grizzly nui, nā ʻūlū, ʻūlū ʻāhiu a me nā coyote ke hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. Ma ka hema hoʻi o ʻAmelika, lilo ka pike alligator i ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka baribal.
Hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema i ka manawa e emi ai ka nui o nā bea grizzly ma kekahi wahi, piʻi nui ka heluna o nā bea ʻeleʻele.
Lilo pinepine nā bea ʻeleʻele ʻōpio i mea hao no nā bea nui ʻē aʻe, nā ʻīlio hae, nā coyote, nā ʻūlū a me nā canine ʻē aʻe a me nā felines. Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā cubs liʻiliʻi e nā mea ʻino nui aʻe.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻano kūpale kēia ʻano bea, lilo pinepine ia i kumuhana o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana e nā poʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ko lākou momona a me ka bile i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hana ʻia nā mea waiwai he nui mai ka huluhulu, a he mea ʻono hoʻi kā lākou ʻiʻo.
I kekahi manawa, ke auwana nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka ʻāina o ke kanaka, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā pilikia nui i ke ʻano o nā holoholona haehae a me ka luku maʻamau. Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala, 58 mau hihia wale nō o kahi hoʻouka baribal i ke kanaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hele mai kahi pilikia kūikawā mai nā wahine me nā keiki.
ʻO ke kumu maʻamau o ka make ʻeleʻele make ke kanaka. Ma muli o nā hana a nā poachers a me nā hunts i kekahi mau panalāʻau, ua lawe ʻia ka baribal ma lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻEleʻele
Mai ka makahiki 1900, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ke ʻano o nā baribals, akā mahalo i nā hana palekana holoholona, ua hoʻomaka hou ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka bea ʻeleʻele i kāna mau wahi noho maʻamau. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe noiʻi ma nā pāka a me nā mālama ʻāina, ke piʻi nui nei ko lākou heluna kanaka.
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 600 tausani baribals i ka honua, ka hapa nui o lākou e noho nei ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika. Hoʻololi ka laha o ka bea, inā ma kahi ma kahi o 30 mau tausani o lākou, a laila ma kahi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻohe mea. Ma Mekiko, aia ko lākou laha kokoke i ka make, no kēia mea, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana ma laila.
Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau wahi ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻeleʻele. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hulu, kaʻiʻo a me ka momona ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā paws a me ka gallbladder o ka baribal i nā lāhui ʻĀkia. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohui i kahi kumu o ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.
No laila, ua hana ʻia nā pāpale ʻeleʻele kaulana o nā kiaʻi ʻEnelani mai ka hulu o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka makahiki 1950 wale nō, ma kahi o 800 mau bea i make. Eia kekahi, kī ʻia kēia mau bea, no ka mea, manaʻo ʻia lākou he mea make. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona, nā māla luku, nā māla a me nā apiaries, akā hoʻonui nui ʻia ka poino mai iā lākou.
Bea ʻeleʻele alo mau i nā mea weliweli. Ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o kāna wahi noho mau, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ke kaiapuni a me ke kī mau ʻana i kekahi mau wahi, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka make. Eia nō naʻe, ke hana ʻia nei nā mea āpau e mālama ai i nā laha.
Lā paʻi: 05.03.2019
Lā hou: 09/15/2019 ma 18:40
