Panda nui - He holoholona kūikawā kēia, a kapa ʻia hoʻi he bea ʻohe. I kēia lā aia hiki ke pau loa i kēia laha o nā holoholona mai ke alo o ka honua, e pili pū ana me lākou i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka bea ʻohe kahi hōʻailona a waiwai nui o ka Repubalika People o Kina. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka inoa hanohano o ka holoholona cutest ma kā mākou honua. ʻO nā bea kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa, ka wā kahiko a me nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka honua holoholona ma ka honua.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: panda nunui
ʻO ka panda nunui kahi māmaki mānoanoa. Hōʻike i ka ʻohana bear, ʻike ʻia i ka genus a me nā ʻano o ka panda nunui.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole maopopo maopopo ke kumu a me ka ulu ʻana o ka bea ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo kupaianaha. ʻO nā ʻōlelo mua o kēia holoholona, i hiki i nā kānaka noiʻi ke ʻike ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka People Republic of China, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ola ma kahi o 2750 mau makahiki i hala. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai he kana kupua ko ka khan kahiko o kēlā mau manawa mamao kahi e noho ai kahi bea ʻohe nunui. Ma hope iho, e kōkua ana ka hoʻokolohua genetic i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā holoholona, a i ʻole ko lākou mau kūpuna, i noho ma ka honua ma kahi o 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Mea hoihoi: I ka wā kahiko, he makana waiwai nui ka panda nunui i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka mahalo a hoʻohanohano nui wale i nā poʻe kiʻekiʻe, hanohano.
I ka makahiki 1869, ua huakaʻi kekahi mea mākaʻikaʻi Palani a me ka mikionali ʻo Armand David i ka panalāʻau o ka People's Republic of China. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i kāna hoʻomana, a me nā lunamakaʻāinana hoihoi a me nā kūpanaha ʻole o ka honua holoholona. I kekahi o nā kauhale panalāʻau ʻo Sichuan, ma ka pā, loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻili ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻili mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko ma hope o kā lākou haʻi ʻana he holoholona ia e noho ana ma kahi kūloko i kapa ʻia ʻo bei-shung.
Video: Panda nunui
Unuhi ʻia mai ka dialect kūloko, ka inoa o ka holoholona i manaʻo ʻia "bea mauna keʻokeʻo." Ua lawe ka mea noiʻi i ka ʻili holoholona i kūʻai ʻia i kona ʻāina hānau, a ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomaka e ʻimi. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea ʻimi holoholona kūloko nāna i ʻae e kūʻai aku iā ia i ka holoholona i make i ka ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Armand David iā ia e like me ke aʻo ʻana a nā mea ʻimi holoholona iā ia, a lawe iā ia i kona ʻāina hānau. Loaʻa i ke kino o kahi holoholona launa ʻole a me kona iwi iwi, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻepekema e hoʻopaʻa i kona kumu a hana i kahi kumumanaʻo o ka ulu.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pandas he ʻohana o nā bea a me nā lāhui. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi me nā raccoons ma mua o nā bea, a ʻoi aku paha. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina o nā loiloi kūlohelohe hou, ua ʻike ʻia ka mea like o lākou me nā bea ma mua o nā raccoons.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe manaʻo maopopo o ka evolution o ka panda nunui. Manaʻo ka poʻe he poʻe kūpuna ia o nā bea o kēia ao, a i ʻole nā ukali o nā raccoons nunui, a martens paha. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo nui nā zoologists ʻaʻole pili kēia holoholona kupaianaha i kekahi o nā ʻano holoholona i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Panda pilikua holoholona
Ma waho, he kino kino ko ka panda nunui e like me nā bea. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o hoʻokahi kanaka makua a hiki i ʻelua mau mika, ke kaumaha o ke kino he 150-170 kilo. He poʻo nui a nunui hoʻi nā bea ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ke kino a me kahi huelo pokole. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka panda nunui ma ka ʻāpana poʻohiwi a hōʻea i 68-75 kenimika.
Aia ka hiehie o ka holoholona i kona kala ʻokoʻa - ke kala ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā lālā, nā maka, nā pepeiao a me nā kāʻei poʻohiwi. Mai kahi mamao aku e ʻike ʻia ka bear i nā aniani, nā kākini a me ke kapa komo. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Zoologists ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu o kahi kala ʻokoʻa o ka panda nunui. Aia kekahi mana e pili ana i ka habitat mua. Ma mua, ua noho ka panda nunui ma nā wahi mauna, ma waena o ka hau a me nā mānoanoa ʻohe. No laila, ʻae nā māka ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo i nā holoholona e ʻike ʻole.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka panda nunui ka baculum, kahi iwi i hana ʻia mai nā mea hoʻopili i ka moku penile. ʻAʻole kū kēlā iwi ma ka panda wale nō, akā, me nā mea mammal ʻē aʻe, akā kuhikuhi ʻia ko lākou iwi i mua, a ma nā bea ʻo kua i hope, a he ʻano S kona ʻano.
ʻO nā bea ʻohe he nui, poʻohiwi poʻohiwi, kahi ʻāʻī nui, a me nā lālā pōkole. Hoʻokumu kēia ʻano o ke kino i kahi ʻano o ka awkwardness a me ka lohi. He mau ā ikaika loa ka panda nunui i lako pono i nā niho ākea a pālahalaha. Hāʻawi kēia ʻāpana iwi i nā pandas e maʻalahi i ka ʻohe ʻohe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: aia kahi panda i kahi ʻōnaehana digestive kikoʻī. He mānoanoa ka pā o ka ʻōpū, nā paia muscular. I loko o nā ʻōpū kahi nui o ka hoʻohuihui o ka mucus - kahi waiwai kūikawā me ke kōkua o ka ʻai ʻana o ka ʻai a me ka ʻai ikaika.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona ke ʻano o nā forelimbs. ʻEono mau manamana o lākou. Mālama pū ʻia ʻelima o lākou, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ono a kapa ʻia ʻo "manamana nui o panda". Kūkākūkā nā Zoologists ʻaʻole kēia he manamana lima maoli, akā he hana bony deformed, i hoʻolālā ʻia e kōkua i ka holoholona i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lālā ʻohe mānoanoa.
Ma hea e noho ai ka panda nunui?
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula Panda nunui
ʻO ka homeland o ka behe ʻohe ka People Republic of Kina. Eia nō naʻe, ma laila wale nō e ʻike ʻia ai ka holoholona ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
Nā ʻāpana o ka panda nunui:
- ʻO Gansu;
- Sichuan;
- Shaanxi;
- Tibet.
ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka noho ʻana o kahi panda ke alo o nā mānoanoa ʻohe. Hiki iā ia ke noho ma nā wahi puʻu, a i ʻole coniferous, deciduous, a i ʻole nā lāʻau ulu.
I ka wā kahiko, noho ka pandas ma nā wahi āpau - ma ka mauna a ma ka pā. Eia nō naʻe, nā hana a ke kanaka, a me ka luku nui ʻia o nā holoholona, i kōkua i ka emi nui ʻana o ka lehulehu o ka panda nunui. ʻO kēlā mau kānaka i koe i ka nahelehele makemake lākou e hūnā mai nā wahi kanaka i nā wahi mauna.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kuahiwi mauna i nā wahi o ko lākou ola ʻana mai 1100 a 4000 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Ke hiki mai ka hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, iho i lalo nā pandas, i kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 800 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano paʻakikī a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona i nā meaʻai na lākou. Ma mua, ua uhi ka wahi noho o nā holoholona i nā wahi ākea loa, e like me Idokitai a me Kalimantan Island.
He aha ka ʻai a ka panda nunui?
Kiʻi: bear panda nunui
Ua loaʻa i ka bea ka inoa ʻelua ʻo "bear bear" ma muli o ke kumu ʻo ka kumu o kāna meaʻai ʻoʻohe. Hana ia i 99% o kaʻai o ka bea. No ka lawa ʻana, pono i kahi mākua i ka nui o nā lau ʻohe a me nā wana - ma kahi o 30-40 kilokilo, ke kaukaʻi ʻia.
Ma muli o ka pili o ka panda nunui i nā mea konohiki, hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā larva insect, nā ʻūhū liʻiliʻi, nā ilo, a me nā hua manu hoʻi. Hāʻawi kēia meaʻai i ka koi protein. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻai ʻohe a me ka protein, hauʻoli ka holoholona i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpio a me nā lau momona o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole. Hānai nā pandas nunui i nā puʻupuʻu saffron a me iris.
Ke mālama ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana hana, mālama ʻia ka panda me nā mea momona, kō kō. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻai kō, ʻai ʻo ia i ke pio ʻana ma nā ʻāpala, nā kāloti, nā cereala wai, a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā limahana o nā pāka a me nā zoo, kahi e noho pio ai ka panda, e hoʻomaopopo he kūlohelohe ʻole ka holoholona i ka meaʻai a ʻai pono i nā mea āpau i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai i ka meaʻai ma nā lāʻau a ma ka honua. Hoʻohana lākou i nā niho ikaika, mana e nahu a hopu i nā lālā ʻohe. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā lālā ʻohe lōʻihi, ʻoʻoleʻa a paʻa ʻia e ka panda i nā forelimbs. ʻO ke ono o ka manamana lima ke kōkua nui i kēia. Inā ʻoe e nānā mai ka ʻaoʻao, e ʻike nō ʻoe, ʻoiai ʻo ka awkwardness o waho, ke kaupaona a me ka lohi, dexterous loa nā holoholona, mākaukau a me ka wikiwiki e lawe i nā lālā a mālama i kahi ʻohe kakalaioa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, me ka nui o nā meaʻai, ʻai nā holoholona a hiki i ka ʻōpala. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke palaualelo a palaualelo hoʻi. Me ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe e ʻimi i nā moena ʻohe.
ʻAʻole hoʻopau ka bea ʻohe i ka wai nui. Hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka pono o ke kino e ka wai e nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo succulent a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kokoke i ka hapalua wai. Inā kū kekahi kino wai i ko lākou ala, e hauʻoli lākou i ka ʻona ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Panda pilikua holoholona
Hāʻawi maoli ʻia ʻo Pandas i ka hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau me ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. ʻOiai kēia, makemake lākou e noho ma ka honua i ka hapa nui o ka manawa. He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi loa lākou. Akahele loa nā holoholona me ka hūnā. Hoʻāʻo lākou i kēlā me kēia ala e hūnā mai ka poʻe. Ma kēia pili, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe i kekahi mea e pili ana iā lākou no kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa. Ke nānā nei i nā holoholona e noho pio ana, ua mahalo ka poʻe i ka hanohano. Hana nā bea ʻohe e like me nā lunamakaʻāinana maoli o ke koko hanohano.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hōʻike ʻia ke kūlana aliʻi e nā hana kūikawā, i nā ʻano hoʻi i hiki i nā pandas ke lawe. I loko o ka manawa hoʻomaha, noho pinepine lākou me he mea lā noho lākou i kahi wahi hanohano ma ka noho aliʻi. Hilinaʻi lākou me ko lākou kua i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ke kākoʻo ʻē aʻe, hiki ke kau i ka lālā luna ma luna o kahi puʻu a keʻa i ko lākou mau lālā o lalo.
ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka hana holoholona ma muli o ka manawa o ka lā. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Hoʻolilo nā bea ʻohe i 10 mau hola i ka lā e ʻimi a ʻai ana i ka meaʻai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu a me nā mahana anuanu haʻahaʻa, hiamoe paha lākou ma mua o ka maʻamau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like iki kēia me ka hibernation bear bear.
Makemake nā holoholona i ke ʻano o ke ola kaʻawale. He mea ʻole ia no lākou e noho nei i kahi nohona hui. He ʻāina ponoʻī ko kēlā me kēia holoholona, kahi e pale ai me ka ʻeleu. He mea pale ikaika ka wahine. ʻAʻole hana nā holoholona i nā pālua lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi.
ʻOiai ka manaʻo ʻia o nā pandas he mau holoholona hāmau a hūnā ʻole, kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi ma o nā kani. ʻO nā pēpē i kāhea i ko lākou makuahine ke kani nei e like me ke kaniʻuhū a i ʻole ka uē ʻana. Ke aloha aku nā pandas i ko lākou mau hoahānau, hoʻopuka lākou i kekahi mea e like me ka hū ʻana o nā hipa. Hōʻike ʻia ka huhū a me ka huhū o nā bea ʻohe i kahi hum. Inā kani ʻole ka holoholona, akā i ka manawa like e hōʻike ana i ka minoʻaka o nā niho, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kou mamao, ʻoiai ka huhū a me ka huhū o ka panda. Ma ka laulaha, ʻoluʻolu loa nā holoholona a ʻaʻohe huhū iki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Panda Keʻokeʻo Nui
ʻIke ʻia nā Pandas e mālama nui, hoʻomanawanui a hopohopo i nā mākua. Mālama nā holoholona i nā kāne wale no ka lōʻihi o ka pilina o ka male. He wā kēia a hoʻomaka me nā lā puna mua. Hiki i kēlā me kēia wahine makua ke hoʻohua i nā keiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki a hānau ka 1-2 cubs. ʻO ka wā ke hiki i ka moena ke alakaʻi i ka momona i ʻekolu wale nō a ʻehā mau lā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ma hope o ka male ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka embryo. Mai ka manawa o ka male ʻana a i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka embryo, hiki iā ia ke lawe mai hoʻokahi a 3-4 mau mahina! Pēlā, pale ka kūlohelohe i ka ʻōpio, ke koho ʻana i nā kūlana ʻano maikaʻi no kā lākou hānau.
Noho ka manawa hānau ma kahi o ʻelima mau mahina. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē ʻaʻohe mea kōkua - ʻike lākou i ka mea ʻole, ʻaʻohe huluhulu. Hānau ʻia nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi loa. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi pēpē ke hiki i 150 gram. ʻAʻole i hoʻololi iki ʻia nā ʻōpala i ke ola i ke kaiapuni a pili loa i kā lākou makuahine. ʻO ka bea, ʻaʻohe mea āna e hana ai, pili mau i kāna keiki. ʻAi nui nā keiki hānau i nā mahina mua o ke ola. Hiki i ka helu o nā hānai he 15 mau manawa i ka lā. Ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina, kaupaona nā kūka i nā kilokani ʻehā, a ma ka ʻeono mau mahina ke loaʻa nei iā lākou ka nui he ʻumi.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻomaka nā keiki e ʻike a lilo i uhi uhi ʻia me ka hulu. Ke hōʻea lākou i ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e hele wāwae. Hoʻomaka nā keiki e neʻe kūʻokoʻa a ʻimi i ka wahi i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō. ʻAi lākou i ka nui o ka waiū umauma. Pono lākou i mau mahina 6-8 hou e hoʻomaʻa i ke kaiapuni. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka lākou i kahi nohona kaʻawale.
Inā hānau ka wahine i ʻelua mau keikikāne, koho pinepine ʻo ia i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika a hoʻomaka hoʻi e mālama a hānai iā ia. ʻO ka hopena o ka mea nāwaliwali ka make i ka wī. I ka hānau ʻana i ka pio, haʻalele pinepine ka poʻe i ka cub i hōʻole ʻia a hoʻololi pinepine iā ia me kahi cub ikaika a hiki i kona kūʻokoʻa ʻana.
Hoʻomaka ka wā ʻōpio i nā bear ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana i 5-7 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā bea ʻohe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 15-17 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ola ʻane ʻelua mau lōʻihi ke lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā panda nunui
Kiʻi: panda nunui
Ke noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka panda ma waena o nā holoholona. I nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi, hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea hao o ka leopadi ao a i ʻole ka ʻalohā ʻulaʻula. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi kēia mau holoholona i kēia lā. I kēia lā, pale ʻia ka bea ʻohe a me ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane pau mua. ʻIke ʻia kahi emi nui o kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka.
Noho ke kanaka ka ʻenemi nui a ʻino loa hoʻi o ka panda. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ka bea i nā kānaka, i kekahi manawa hoʻokuʻu lākou iā lākou e pili iā lākou. Lawe pono ke kanaka i kēia, me ka pepehi aloha ʻole ʻana i nā holoholona ma muli o ka hulu waiwai, i waiwai nui ʻia ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele. ʻImi pinepine lākou i nā behe ʻohe, e hopu ana iā lākou no ka zoo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Panda pilikua holoholona
I kēia lā, ua helu ʻia ka panda nunui i ka puke Red international me ke kūlana o "species endangered". ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i nā kūlohelohe i ʻelua tausani mau kānaka. Ua kōkua ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu e ka momona momona, a me ka ʻāpana ʻana ma kahi pālākiō. ʻO ka nele o kahi kumu meaʻai a me ka luku ʻia o nā wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā holoholona e kōkua pū i ka hōʻemi o kā lākou helu. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻohe no 20 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana, make ia. ʻIke ʻia i ka manawa make wale nā māla a me nā ululāʻau ʻohe wale nō.
ʻIke hoihoi: I ka wā o ka Cultural Revolution, ʻaʻohe papahana e mālama ai i ka nui o nā holoholona i hana ʻia a ua hoʻomake ʻia ʻole ʻia lākou i nā helu he nui no ka pono o ka hulu waiwai a pipiʻi loa hoʻi.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua ʻike koke ke kanaka i ka nui o ka poino i kau ʻia ma kēia ʻano. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka People's Republic of China, ke hana ʻia nei nā mālama a me nā pāka aupuni, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai lākou e hana i nā ʻano āpau no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha a me kāna hana hou ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ka poʻe āpau ʻaʻole he hana nui a momona nā bea ʻohe. I kēia mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia pēpē i hānau ʻia i loko o kahi pio kahi lanakila liʻiliʻi hou aʻe no nā zooologists.
Ka pale ʻana i nā panda nunui
Puke ʻulaʻula panda nunui
I mea e pale aku ai i kēia ʻano holoholona, ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula. I Kina, kū ka poʻe i ka hoʻopaʻi koʻikoʻi no ka pepehi kanaka ʻana a hōʻeha paha. I kēia ʻāina, manaʻo ʻia ka holoholona he waiwai aupuni.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I ka 1995, ua pepehi kahi mahiʻai i kahi holoholona. No kēia hewa, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻopaʻi ola.
I kēia manawa, mahalo i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi nui o nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā pāka aupuni, ke piʻi nei ka nui o nā bea ʻohe. Aia kekahi mau waihona ma Shanghai, Taipei, San Diego, Atlanta, Memphis, Kōlea Hema. Eia kekahi, hānau nā pandas nunui i ka pio ma ka National Zoo o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka poʻe i ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana o kahi lālani ʻaneʻane i kahi lāwaliwali.
Panda nui ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona hoihoi loa a kūpaha hoʻi ma ka honua. ʻO ia ke koa o nā kiʻiona he nui, ua hoʻonani ʻia kona kiʻi me ka nui o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka World Wildlife Fund.
Lā paʻi: 28.02.2019
Lā hou: 09/15/2019 ma 19:23
