Dia dia pili i ka mahele o nā lāhui - dia. He mau māmela kēia mai ka ʻohana artiodactyl e ʻai i kekahi ʻano o nā meaʻai mea kanu. Mālama lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi (bipi), kahi hoʻokahi kāne a hiki i ʻelima mau wahine me nā keiki. He hūnā a makaʻu loa lākou, ke hāʻawi nei i ka mea nui i nā ululāʻau deciduous a me Manchu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: dia Sika
He wahi kūikawā ko ka dia (sika deer) ma ka ʻohana dia. Loaʻa kēia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ma ka palena o ka depopulation a no laila ua helu ʻia i ka Red Book. No ka mea ʻo ka heluna lehulehu o nā ʻāina hikina, ʻo Kina a me Tibet ka nui, mahalo nui i ka hiki ke ola o nā lāʻau, ke kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā pepeiaohao. Ua huki ʻia ʻo Pantocrine mai nā antlers o ka dia sika, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu waena.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā aniani he kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻonui ai ka ʻimi ʻana i nā dia pantach, a ua hāʻule koke ko lākou heluna kanaka i lalo. I kēia helu, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia iwakālua i ka USSR, he tausani mau poʻo o ka dia sika, a ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o Asia ua nalowale loa kēia ʻano. Ma ke kumu o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻoholo nā paleozoologists e hoʻi ke kūpuna o nā dia hou i ʻAkia Hema. Manaʻo ʻia he kumu kahiko nā sika. ʻO kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hanana maʻalahi a me ke ʻano o nā antlers ma mua o nā dia ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Sika deer puke ʻula
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā dia Sika i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa i kahi ʻano hanohano a lohi hoʻi. Pōkole ke kino o nā mea ʻelua, he ʻano poepoe ko ka sacum. Kīwī kamepiula. Mahalo i kēia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe lele a i 2.5 mau mika, a i 8 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
ʻO nā kāne wale nō nā kiwi o nā pepeiaohao. Kūlike ke kaulike o ke kalaunu me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaupaona. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o nā pepeiaohao o ka holoholona i ke kaʻina o kona ulu ʻana, a hiki ia mai 65 a 80 knm ma nā pepeiaohao ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau kaʻina hana, ma nā hanana kakaikahi he ʻeono. Pālahalaha nā wana i ka pā, a melemele i ka ʻaneʻane mauʻu, brown i kokoke i ke kumu. Aia ke kala o ka hulu o ka holoholona i ke kau. I ke kauwela, he ʻulaʻula kā ka huluhulu i ʻōlelo ai, i ka iho ʻana i ka ʻōpū, lilo i kala māmā. Aia kekahi huluhulu ʻeleʻele ma ka pali, a ʻulaʻula kala nā wāwae.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ke kū ʻana o nā kiko keʻokeʻo i mahele ʻia ma ke kua. I ka manawa like, i ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou helu ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻūhā a ʻaʻole ʻano koʻikoʻi nā outline. Eia hou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mākua āpau iā lākou, a ke hiki mai ka puna, nalowale loa lākou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi ka huluhulu o nā kāne, loaʻa ka hina, kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, a lilo i hina hina i nā wahine. ʻO ke kala o ke aniani-keʻokeʻo, kahi i kū i nā ʻūhā o loko, koe mau ka loli. Piʻi ka holoholona i loko o ʻApelila a Kepakemapa.
ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi kāne makua ʻokoʻa i ka laulā o 115 - 140 kg, o nā wahine 65 - 95 kg, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i nā mea mae ke 115 knm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 160 - 180 cm. makahiki
Ma hea e noho ai nā dia sika?
Kiʻi: Ussuri sika dia
ʻO nā ʻāina ʻōiwi o sika dia me nā ʻāina e like me: Kina, Kōlea, North Vietnam a me Taiwan. Hoʻololi pū ʻia ʻo ia e noho i Caucasus, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Nūhōlani. Akā ʻo ka nohona maikaʻi loa no kēia ʻano holoholona ʻo Iapana a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻOi loa i Iapana a me Hokkaido prefecture, ua ola ko lākou heluna kanaka ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio hihiu a liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā mea ʻimi holoholona.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia laha kekahi mau koi no ka nohona:
- Makemake ʻo Sika dia i nā ulu lāʻau ʻoka ākea ma mua o nā ululāʻau lāʻau ākea, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia i ka hope.
- Mālama nā marals i ka mahele kiʻekiʻe o ka ululāʻau a ma kahi o nā kula alpine;
- E koho ʻo Tugai dia (Bukhara) i nā laʻalāʻau a me nā mānoanoa ma kapa o ka muliwai a i ʻole nā loko.
Ma ka Hikina hikina, hiki ke loaʻa ka holoholona ma Primorye. ʻO ka ʻāina kūpono loa aia ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka Teritori Primorsky, no ka mea ʻaʻole moe ka hau ma mua o 8 - 10 mau lā, a ma muli o ka ululāʻau Manchurian me ka ulu maikaʻi. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi ākea, kahi e hiki ai i ka ua ma ke ʻano o ka hau ke hele i ka māka o 600 - 800 mm. Ma muli o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o kēia ʻano ʻino a hoʻopilikia loa i ka neʻe ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka luhi o ka holoholona.
E hoʻomaka ana i nā makahiki 1930, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka USSR e hoʻololi i nā dia, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ka loko wai. E hana i kēia, ua lawe ʻia lākou i loko o nā mālama (nā māla reindeer), ua maikaʻi ke ʻano o ia wahi no ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- Mālama kūlohelohe Sukhudzin;
- Reserve ʻo Ilmensky (aia ma Urals);
- Waihona Kuibyshevsky;
- Waihona kūlohelohe ʻo Teberda;
- Reserve ʻo Khopersky;
- ʻĀina ʻo Okskom;
- Waihona Molekai.
I kekahi mau hihia, ua kūleʻa kēia, akā aia kekahi mau kahi i kū ʻole ai ka ʻimi ʻana i ka holoholona a hōʻea i kahi kiko koʻikoʻi, kahi i alakaʻi ai i kahi kokoke loa e pau.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka dia sika?
Kiʻi: holoholona Sika dia
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu a ka dia ma mua o 390 mau ʻano mea kanu, ka hapa nui o ia mau lālā lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau. I ka Teritori Primorsky, aia nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe i ka mua ma mua o ka lāʻau a me ka ʻai o ka ulu. I ke kauwela, ʻo nā acorn, nā lau, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā wana ʻōpio a me nā lālā lahilahi, nā ulu o ka linden, ʻoka, a me Manchurian aralia i lilo i mea ʻono nui.
Akā ʻaʻole makemake iki ʻia ka wōnati Manchurian, nā hua waina Amur a me ka velevet, lespedeza, acantopanax, elm, maples, lehu, sedges, umbellate a me nā mea deciduous ʻē aʻe i ke kauwela. Ma ka pō o ka hoʻoilo, hānai ka holoholona i kēlā ʻano mea kanu i hiki ke māʻona i nā pono kūpono i ka wā momona.
Eia kekahi, hāʻule kēia papaʻai i kekahi manawa i ka hapa lua o ka hoʻoilo:
- nā ʻākela, nā nati, nā hua beech;
- nā lālā o hazel, ʻoka, aspen, willow, chozeni, cherry manu, alder, euonymus;
- nā wana o nā pines ʻōpio, elm, euonymus, brither buckthorn;
- ʻai ʻili.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Reindeer i ka ʻai ʻana i ka limu a me nā limu zoster, i loaʻa ka paʻakai paʻakai e pono ai nā holoholona. Inā he mea hānai i ka nahele, ʻaʻohe makemake o nā dia i ka hānai ʻana iā lākou iho me ka mauʻu. I ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā minelala pono, komo ka dia i kahi o nā puna wai mehana mahana. Ma laila lākou e liki ai i ka limu, ka lehu a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu ʻē aʻe mai ke kai o kai. ʻO nā holoholona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻāina hema e kipa i nā wahi me nā liko paʻakai.
ʻO ka teritori kahi i noho ai nā dia ma muli o kā lākou helu i ka pūʻā. Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka hoʻokahi kihi e like me 200 hectares, ʻoiai kahi kāne me kahi hui wahine e hiki i 400 hectares. Uhi ka hānai nui i kahi o 800 - 900 ha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Sika dia ma Lūkia
He hilahila a hūnā loa nā dia Sika. ʻO ka hālāwai me kēia holoholona noʻonoʻo ma kahi ākea, ke kaʻawale i nā mānoanoa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻole. Hiki iā ia ke lohe i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana mai o kahi malihini i makemake ʻole ʻia a predator paha i kahi mamao loa. ʻOiai he lohe maikaʻi kāna a me kahi ʻano ʻala o ka honi. Me ka loli o ke kau, hoʻololi pū ka hana a ka holoholona.
I ke kauwela, neʻe mau ka dia a me ka hanai hānai. I ka hoʻoilo, hāʻule ʻike ka ikehu, lilo lākou i mea hana ʻole, pinepine lākou e moe ana i lalo. Wale me ka neʻe ikaika o ka makani e lilo i mea pono e ʻimi i kahi e puʻuhonua ai i kahi ulu lāʻau nui. Wikiwiki a paʻakikī hoʻi nā dia Sika. He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi loa lākou, hiki iā lākou ke uhi i ka mamao ma ke kai a i ka 12 km.
Mālama ʻia ka holoholona i nā maʻi lele, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o nā maʻi.
- rabies, necrobacteriosis, pasteurellosis, anthrax a me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu;
- ringworm, candidiasis;
- dicroisliosis, helminths (pālahalaha, puni a me ka lepe);
- ticks, midges, horseflies, lice a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻohana o ectoparasites.
ʻO ka hope o nā mea i luna, ke kumu o ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka hopohopo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Sika deer cub
Kūpono ka ʻōpio o nā dia ma 1 makahiki a me 6 mau mahina, akā hele pinepine nā wahine i nā makahiki ʻekolu. Mākaukau nā kāne e hoʻohua ʻaʻole ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā moʻo male i Kepakemapa a pau i ka mua o Nowemapa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o 30 - 35 mau lā. I loko o kēia wā, lohe ʻia ka leo o ke kāne ma kahi mamao a i kahi mau haneli mau mika. Hana ʻia ka moena i loko o kekahi mau lā, pili kēia i ka mea i momona ʻole ka wahine. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina i nā manawa he nui me kahi manawa pōkole, ma nā kahawai i kīkēkē ʻia e nā mākia o ke kāne.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana he 215-225 mau lā a i ʻole (7.5 mau mahina). Hānau ʻia hoʻokahi bipi keiki a, i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, māhoe. Hana ʻia ke ola ʻana i Mei, kākaʻikahi ka mahina ʻo Iune. Hiki ke kaumaha i kahi fawn hānau hou ma waena o 4.5 a me 7 kg. ʻO ka pūpū o ka makuahine, hoʻomaka ke keiki bipi hou e omo kokoke koke ma hope o ka puka ʻana, ma hope o nā hola ʻelua. Hiki i nā keiki bipi ke hoʻomaka e hānai 15 - 20 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a omo i ka hānai a hiki i ka hānau hou ʻana, inā ʻaʻole i hahau ʻia mai ka makuahine.
Hoʻoikaika nui nā keiki ʻōpio i ke kauwela, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hoʻoilo kēia mau hana e lohi iki. Aia wale nō ma hope o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa, noho ka wahine i ka liʻiliʻi, a loaʻa i ke kāne nā tubercles liʻiliʻi ma ke kumu o ka iwi poʻo, a laila e ulu a lilo i mau pepeiaohao.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka dia sika
Kiʻi: Dia sika ahiu
Minamina, nui ka poʻe makemake maʻi ʻole i ka dia.
- ʻīlio hihiu (i kekahi manawa he ʻīlio raccoon);
- Tigers, leopadi, leopadi hau;
- pea ʻeleʻele (hōʻeha pinepine i nā kaua);
- ʻalopeke, martens, pōpoki hihiu (ʻai ma ka hanauna ʻōpio).
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea ʻino ʻino ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻino iki nā ʻīlio hae ʻeleʻele i kēia laha. Holo nā Wolves i loko o nā pūʻolo, e kalaiwa ana a puni kahi ohana liʻiliʻi. Kū pinepine kēia i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wanaʻao, i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka dia sika. ʻO ka nāwaliwali a me ka lethargy o ka holoholona, i kumu ʻia e ka nele o ka nui o ka meaʻai e pono ai. Lilo pinepine nā Loners i waiwai pio na ka ʻohana manu, he mau mea ʻaihue kūikawā lākou.
Hiki ke hoʻohālua ʻia nā dia ʻaihue ʻole. ʻOiai hiki i kēia mau pōpoki ke neʻe a hiki i ka hau hau, ʻaʻohe manawa kūpono o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia e pakele ai. I ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka holoholona ke make i ka luhi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai nāna iho. Ua lilo ia i nāwaliwali a ʻeha hoʻi, kahi e ʻumeʻume ai i nā mea ʻai waena a me nā mea ʻānai liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pale wale nō ke pakele. Mai poina ua ʻeha ka nui o nā holoholona mai ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe i ʻimi i nā aniani ʻōpio e hana i ka lāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Sika dia no ka puke ʻulaʻula
I loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula, loaʻa i ke dia sika ke kūlana o 2 mau ʻāpana - "hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā helu".
ʻO ka hāʻule ikaika o ka heluna kanaka o kahi ʻano nāwaliwali loa e pili ana i ka noho ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ʻole a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i nā loli i nā kūlana aniau. Nā hoʻolaha o ke alualu mau, no ka mea o ka unuhi ʻana o nā ʻili, ka ʻiʻo a me nā mea ʻoniʻoni.
Aia kekahi mau kumu waiwai ʻole ʻē aʻe:
- ke aʻo ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hou me ka wao nahele ma hope;
- he nui loa o nā ʻīlio hae, ʻīlio hihiu, a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe;
- ke kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi noho hou, kokoke a ma ka ʻāina o ka holoholona kahi e noho ai;
- ka maʻamau i nā maʻi lele, pololi;
- holo pono ʻole o ka hana hoʻokipa.
Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e mālama i nā dia i nā pāka a me nā mālama. I kekahi, loaʻa nā holoholona i ka meaʻai i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa me ke komo ʻole i nā wahi hānai. I nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, loaʻa wale lākou i ka hānai ʻana i ka hoʻoilo a hānai manu wale lākou i nā mahina ʻai. Akā ʻo ka lohi o ka hoʻōla ʻia ʻana o nā kumulāʻau a me nā nāhelehele lahilahi i hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai, a laila ʻoi loa ka hōʻino ʻana Ua lilo kēia i kumu nui no ka haʻalele ʻana o ka reindeer mai nā wahi hānai.
I ka pili pili ʻana i nā dia, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, pili ia i ke ola. Ua mahuahua ka maʻa i ka maʻi, ua pā nā wahine a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānau keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa kahi hapa hoʻihoʻi o ka laha i ka Primorsky Teritori, mahalo i kahi ʻōnaehana kaulike o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, a me ka pale hapa o ka holoholona.
Pale pale dia
Kiʻi: dia Sika
Ua helu ʻia nā dia Sika ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN. ʻO ka hana mua e pale a mālama i ke ola o nā ʻano laha ʻole e kokoke ana e pau. ʻO nā ʻano mea i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka Buke Ula o nā ʻāina post-Soviet e loaʻa aunoa iā lākou ka palekana ma ka pae kānāwai. ʻOiai he palapala koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ia a he mau alakaʻi kūpono no ka pale ʻana o nā laha laha ʻole.
Ua hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻololi a hoʻāʻo e mālama i ka laha, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona.
- nohona (puʻunaue ʻāina);
- helu a me ke kūkulu ʻana i loko o nā pūʻā;
- nā ʻano olaola (wā hānau);
- nā hiʻohiʻona neʻe e pili ana i ke kau (akā ʻaʻole haʻalele ka hapanui o nā holoholona i kā lākou mau panalāʻau, e hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o nā haneli heka).
I kēia manawa, aia ka maʻamau o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa heluna kanaka i ka nāhelehele, a hoʻonui ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā panalāʻau e pili ana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau ana, i loaʻa ai ka ikaika kū kānāwai ma hope o kā lākou lawe ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he papahana mokuʻāina.
ʻO kahi hana nui:
- ka mālama ʻana i nā lāhui olaola o nā dia (inā hiki, pale i ka hui ʻana o nā laha);
- hana hoʻihoʻi o nā waihona i noho ai nā holoholona;
- ka hoʻololi a me ka hana ʻana i nā wahi pale hou;
- palekana maikaʻi loa mai nā mea ʻino a me nā mea ʻai holoholona (ʻo ka mea mua i lawe ʻia e nā ʻīlio hae).
I loko nō o ke kapu hopu holoholona, ʻo ka nui o nā dia sika hihiu ʻaʻole e loli, a emi mau hoʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka poachers i ka hōʻino nui, ke alualu ʻana i ka holoholona i mea e lanakila ai i kahi makana waiwai ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻili hoʻohiwahiwa a i ʻole nā antlers unossified. ʻAʻole maopopo inā aia i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hiki ke hoʻonui i nā palena o nā kahu hānai, ʻo ka hana mua ʻaʻole ia wale no ka unuhi ʻana o pantas, akā ʻo ka hoʻopiha hou ʻia ʻana o ka loko wai i piha. Dia dia pono ka palekana mai nā kānaka, inā ʻaʻole e lilo koke kēia holoholona maikaʻi iā mākou.
Lā paʻi: 04.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 17:04
