Moku koholā Noho i kona ola a pau i nā wai polar anuanu. Uhaʻi ʻo ia i ka hau keneta he 30-kenimika me kona blowhole. Nā lulu ma lalo o ka wai no 40 mau minuke a i kahi hohonu o 3.5 km. ʻO nā kuleana e lilo i mammal ola lōʻihi loa: ola kekahi mau kānaka ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki! Ua komo ʻo ia i ka folklore ma ke ʻano he prototype no ke ʻano o Wonder Yudo Fish-Whale. ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ke koholā poʻo.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
He mau inoa ko ka koholā poʻo: polar a mustachioed. Pili ia i ka suborder niho ʻole a lilo i ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ua ola nā koholā ma ka honua honua ma mua o 50 miliona mau makahiki a noʻonoʻo pono ʻia he poʻe kahiko o ka Honua. No ka papa o nā māmela nā Cetaceans, a ʻo nā holoholona ʻāina nā kūpuna o lākou.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā hōʻailona aʻe:
- ka pono e hanu i ka ea me kou mau māmā;
- ka like o nā iwi o nā kini o cetacean a me nā iwi o nā lālā o nā holoholona ʻāina;
- Hoʻohālike nā maneuvers huelo kaulike a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka iwi i ka holo ʻana o kahi māmala ʻāina ma mua o ka ʻau ʻana o ka iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mana e pili ana i kahi holoholona prehistoric i kūpuna. I kēia lā, nui nā mana o ke kumu o ka baleen cetacean:
- hōʻoia kekahi mau noiʻi e nā ʻepekema i ka pilina ma waena o nā kohola a me nā artiodactyls, me nā hippos.
- ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i nā mea like ma waena o nā koholā a me nā koholā kahiko loa o Pakistan a i ʻole nā pakicets. He mau māmala hānai lākou a loaʻa ka meaʻai i ka wai. Maliʻa paha, no kēia mau kumu, ua lilo ke kino i amphibian a laila i loko o kahi wahi wai.
- Hōʻike kekahi kumumanaʻo i ke kumu o nā koholā mai nā māmela ʻāina o Mesonichia. He mau holoholona like lākou me nā ʻīlio hae me he mau bipi lā. Hānai pū ʻia ʻo Predators i ka wai. Ma muli o ke aha, ua loli ko lākou kino a ua hoʻololi piha i ka wai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Bowhead, ma hope o ke kohola fin a me ke koholā polū, ʻo ia ke kolu o nā kaumaha honua. Aia kona kaumaha i 100 tone. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine i 18 mika, a ʻo nā kāne a 17 mika. Kūlike ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele hina o ka holoholona me ka iwi ā lalo i hoʻoaka ʻia. He ʻano kēia e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā koholā polar mai kā lākou mau ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka nui o nā ā ā. ʻO lākou ka mea nui i waena o nā cetaceans. Kiʻekiʻena ka waha ma ke poʻo. Pālahui iki ka iwi ā lalo a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka luna. Ma luna ona he kohō koholā, nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻopā. He lahilahi lākou a lōʻihi - 3-4.5 mau mika kēlā me kēia. Aia he 300 mau papa iwi i ka waha. Kōkua lākou i nā koholā i ka ʻimi kūleʻa i nā hōʻiliʻili plankton.
ʻO ke poʻo ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke koholā. Hōʻike ke ʻano i kahi ʻano ʻāʻī. Ma ka pāpale aliʻi o ka iʻa nunui aia kahi pūhū - ʻelua mau ʻāpana iki. Ma o lākou lā, pahu ka kohola i nā punawai wai kiʻekiʻe mika. He mana kupaianaha ka ikaika o ka jet a hiki ke haki ma loko o ka 30 cm manoanoa o ka hau. Kupaianaha, ko lākou kino mahana ma waena o 36 a me 40 kekelē. ʻO ka hapalua mika papa subcutaneous o ka momona e kōkua i ke kūpikipiki i ka luʻu ʻana a mālama i kahi mahana maʻamau. ʻAʻole hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea loaʻa ʻono, a me ke ʻano o ka pilau, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā cetaceans ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻono, ʻawaʻawa, ʻawaʻawa a me nā ʻala.
Nawaliwali ka maka a he maka pōkole hoʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā maka liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia me ke kornea mānoanoa, kokoke i nā kihi o ka waha. ʻAʻohe nā auricle, akā maikaʻi ka hoʻolohe ʻana. No nā koholā, he lālā manaʻo nui kēia. Hoʻomaopopo ka pepeiao o loko i waena o nā nalu kani ākea a me ultrasound. No laila, hoʻonohonoho pono nā koholā i ka hohonu. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoholo i ka mamao a me kahi.
Hoʻomoe ʻia ke kino o ka "monster monster" nunui a ʻole me ka ulu ʻole. No laila, ʻaʻole nā mea crustacea a me nā kopa e parasitize i nā kohola. ʻAʻohe o ka poʻe "ʻimi polar" i ko lākou kua, akā he mau palaka ko lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka huelo ikaika. Hiki i ka puʻuwai hapalua leo i ka nui o kahi kaʻa. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nā koholā i ka naikokene mai ko lākou mau māmā. E hana i kēia, hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā ʻeke o ka wai ma o nā ʻāpana parietal. Pēlā e hanu ai ka iʻa mākeke.
Ma hea e noho ai ke koholā poʻo?
ʻO nā wai polar o ka Honua wale nō ka home no nā koholā poʻo. I ka manawa i noho lākou i nā wai ʻākau a pau o ka hemisphere o ka honua. ʻO ka nui o nā moa wai nui i keʻakeʻa pinepine i ka neʻe ʻana o nā moku. ʻOi loa i ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā i hoʻi ai nā koholā i ke kahakai. Lawe ʻia ke akamai o nā luina e hoʻokele ma waena o lākou.
Eia nō naʻe, i ke kenekulia i hala, ua heleleʻi nui ka heluna o nā koholā poʻo poʻo. I kēia manawa aia a i 1000 mau kānaka ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau, 7000 hou aʻe - i nā wai ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika. ʻO ke ʻano loko ʻino kolohe, hoʻomake loa hoʻi, he mea hiki ʻole ke nānā piha i nā koholā.
Ke neʻe mau nei nā māmala ma muli o ka paina hau a me nā mahana. Aloha nā pilikua Mustache i nā wai maʻemaʻe a neʻe aku mai ka hau, e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻau ʻole i nā mahana ma lalo o 45 kekelē. Ke hana nei ia, i ke alanui ʻana, pono e wāwahi nā koholā i nā papa liʻiliʻi o ka hau. I nā hihia kūikawā, me nā hoʻoweliweli i ke ola, kōkua ka pā hau i nā "mea ʻimi polar" e camouflage iā lākou iho.
He aha ka ʻai a ke kohola kohola?
Ma muli o kona nui kupaianaha, kapa ʻia ka wai wai wai wai i nā mea ʻaihue. Eia nō naʻe, ke ʻai nei ke koholā poʻo i ke ala like - na plankton, mollusks a me nā crustacea wale nō e ʻai. He holoholona, e heʻe ana i ka wai me ka waha hāmama, e ale iā ia. ʻO nā plankton kānana a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi e waiho ma nā papa ʻaukā. A laila lawe ʻia ka meaʻai me ke alelo a ale ʻia.
Hoʻopili ka koholā ma kahi o 50 mano mau microorganism i kēlā me kēia minuke. No ka hānai maikaʻi ʻana, pono i kahi makua e ʻai i ʻelua tone o plankton i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻoulu nā pilikua wai i ka momona a ka hāʻule. Kōkua kēia i nā holoholona ʻaʻole e make i ka wī a mau a hiki i ka puna. Holo nā koholā Bowhead i nā hipa liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 14 poʻe. I kahi hui V, neʻe lākou i ka kānana ʻana i ka wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Hiki i nā koholā Bowhead ke luʻu a hohonu i 200 mau mika me ka heʻe ʻole ʻana no 40 mau minuke. ʻO ka pinepine, pono ʻole, ʻaʻole luʻu hohonu ka holoholona a aia ma lalo o ka wai a 15 mau minuke. ʻO nā luʻu lōʻihi, a hiki i 60 mau minuke, hiki ke hana ʻia e nā mea ʻeha.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i ʻike ai ka poʻe noiʻi i nā koholā e hiamoe ana. I kahi kūlana o ka hiamoe, moe lākou i ka ʻili. ʻO ka momona momona e ʻae iā ʻoe e noho ma ka wai. Komo malie ke kino i ka hohonu. Ua hōʻea i kahi pae, hahau ikaika ka mammal me kahi huelo nui a kū hou ke kohola i luna.
Kākaʻikahi ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikua polar e lele mai ka wai. I ka wā ma mua, paʻi lākou i nā lūlū a hāpai i ko lākou huelo i luna, e lele ana i hoʻokahi lele. A laila puka ke poʻo a me ka ʻāpana o ke kino, a laila huli ikaika ka iʻa baleen ma kona ʻaoʻao a ku i ka wai. Kū ka heʻenalu i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā puna, a ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēia wā makemake e pāʻani me nā mea i loko o ka wai.
ʻAʻole ʻauʻau nā koholā Polar ma kahi hoʻokahi a neʻe mau: i ke kauwela ʻauʻau lākou i ka wai ʻākau, a i ka hoʻoilo hoʻi lākou i ka ʻāpana kahakai. Hana ʻia ka hana neʻe i kahi ala hoʻonohonoho: kūkulu ʻia ka hui e kahi kula a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o ka ʻimi. Haki ka hipa ke hiki aku. Makemake kekahi poʻe e ʻauʻau hoʻokahi, a ʻo kekahi poʻe e ʻākoakoa i nā hipa liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
I ke kaʻina o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wā o ke kauwela, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā koholā polar i ʻekolu mau hipa: ʻākoakoa ʻokoʻa nā ʻōpio makua, ʻōpio, a makua ʻole. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka punawai, neʻe nā koholā poʻo i nā wai ʻākau. I ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano koholā, ua ʻike ʻia he kuleana nui nā wahine a me nā bipi keiki e hānai mua. ʻO nā koena o ka hui i kau ʻia ma hope o lākou.
Aia ke kau moʻo i ke kau a me ke kau wela. ʻO ka launa ʻana o ke koholā he ʻokoʻa a he ipo aloha:
- hoʻohuli nā hoa pili iā lākou iho;
- lele i waho o ka wai;
- hoʻopaʻa a hahau kekahi i kekahi me nā lime pectoral;
- hoʻopuka lākou i ke kani "kaniʻuhū" me ka pupuhi;
- Hoʻowalewale nā kāne kāne polygamous i nā wahine me nā mele i haku ʻia, e hoʻohou nei i kā lākou "repertoire" mai ka male ʻana a ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ka hānau keiki, e like me ka male ʻana, hana ʻia i ka manawa like o ka makahiki. Hāpai ke kohola koholū pēpē no hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi paha. Hānau ka wahine hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē i nā wai anuanu a noho i nā wai hau ʻino o ka ʻĀkau. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke aʻo ʻana i ke ola o nā koholā polar hānau hou.
ʻIke ʻia hānau ʻia kahi koholā a 5 mau mika ka lōʻihi. Kipaku koke ka makuahine iā ia i luna e hanu i ka ea. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē kohola me ka piha o ka momona he 15 knm, kahi e kōkua ai i ke ola o ka pēpē i nā wai hau. I ka lā mua mai ka hānauʻana, e loaʻa i ka pēpē ma mua o 100 liters o nā meaʻai makuahine.
Mānoanoa ka waiū o ka makuahine-whale - 50% momona a kiʻekiʻe i ka protein. No hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, puni, e like me ka barela, e kīnā ka keiki i 15 mau mika a loaʻa ke kaupaona a 50-60 mau tona. E hānai ana ka wahine i nā mahina he ʻumikūmālua. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, e aʻo aku kona makuahine iā ia pehea e ʻohi ai i ka plankton nona iho.
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, ʻauʻau ke keiki me ka makuahine no ʻelua mau makahiki. ʻIke nā wahine kohola bowhead i kā lākou keiki. ʻAʻole lākou i hānai ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā pale pale kūʻē hoʻi lākou i nā ʻenemi. E loaʻa ikaika ka kohola kohola mai ka fin o ka kohola polar inā hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e komo i ke ola o ke keiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke kohola kakaka
Ma muli o ka nui o ke kino, ʻaʻohe mea e komo i ka mālie o nā koholā poʻo. He paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo i ka hilahila o nā holoholona nunui. Inā noho kahi moʻo ma kona kua, e luʻu koke ke kohola ma lalo o ka wai. A puka wale ʻo ia ke lele nā manu.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻololi nā iʻa nunui polar i kahi e pale ai mai ka weliweli ma lalo o ka pāpale hau. Ke hau ke kai, hoʻomaka nā koholā poʻo e ʻauʻau ma lalo o ka hau. I mea e ola ai, kuʻi lākou i nā lua i ka hau no ka hanu ʻana a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia i ka poʻe ʻaihue.
ʻO ka makaʻu wale nō ke lilo i kohola kohola, a i ʻole kohola kohola. Huli lākou i hoʻokahi koholā kīʻaha i kahi ʻohana nui he 30-40 mau kānaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ma nā koholā ʻākau i ka hapakolu o nā ala mai ka hakakā ʻana me nā koholā killer Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūlike ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā kohola kohola i ka pōʻino mai kānaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ke kāne ka ʻenemi nui a aloha ʻole hoʻi o ka koholā ʻākau. Ua hoʻopau nā poʻe i nā koholā no ka pono o kahi ʻumiʻumi kauā, nā tona o kaʻiʻo a me nā momona. Ua ʻimi ʻo Eskimo a me Chukchi i nā cetaceans no nā makahiki he mau kaukani. Hōʻike ʻia nā hanana ʻimi holoholona i nā kiʻi pōhaku. ʻO nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino o ka māmela i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai, i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, a i ka hana ʻana i ka wahie a me nā pono hana.
ʻO ka ʻimi no nā pilikua kai ka mea maʻamau i ka 17 kenekulia. Maʻalahi ke kiʻi aku i ka holoholona lōlō a palu hoʻi e hopu i ka waʻapā me nā hoe. I ka wā kahiko, alualu ʻia nā koholā me nā ihe a me nā hāpoons. ʻAʻole make ke koholā make i loko o ka wai, i maʻalahi ka huli ʻana iā ia. Ma ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻopau ka ʻoihana kohola i kēia laha i ka lihi o ka make. Ua iho mai iā mākou nā mea hoʻomanaʻo o ke kāpena o kahi moku e holo ana i Spitsbergen i ka makahiki 17. ʻO ka helu o kēia mau koholā, ua "holo" ka moku ma luna o nā kānaka nunui e pāʻani ana i ka wai.
I kēia lā, maopopo i ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole i koe ma ka ʻumikūmākahi kaukani mau kohola polar i koe ma ka Honua. I ka makahiki 1935, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka pāpā ma ka hopu ʻana i nā koholā kīʻaha. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. I nā makahiki 70, ua ʻike ʻia ka wai wai wai wai i ʻano laha ʻole, komo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book ma lalo o ka pale ʻana i ke kānāwai. Aia ka heluna kanaka ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau a me ke kai o Okhotsk ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make loa ʻana. ʻO ka pipi Bering-Chukchi no ka papa ʻekolu o ka rarity.
Pale pale koholā
Hoʻonohonoho ka pale ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka hōʻemi a pāpā loa ʻana i ka hopu holoholona. He kuleana ko Eskimos a me Chukchi - e pepehi i hoʻokahi kanaka i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. Pono nā koholā ʻĀkau e mālama i nā hana mālama pono a me nā ʻike kaiāulu. Lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka - hānau nā wahine wahine i hoʻokahi pēpē i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu a i ʻehiku mau makahiki paha. Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā koholā i kā lākou helu, akā ma kahi pae haʻahaʻa.
Moku koholā - ka holoholona kahiko loa ma ka honua, ke kuʻi nei i ka nui nunui. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopā i ka mālama ʻana i nā hoa a me nā cubs e hoʻopau ʻia e nā māmela. E like me ka manawa pinepine, hoʻopilikia nā kānaka i nā kaiaolaola o ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ka luku ʻole ʻana o nā koholā ʻākau i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e lilo ka Honua i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mea ola.
Lā paʻi: 02.02.2019
Lā hou: 21.06.2020 ma 11:42
