ʻO Kamchatka evrazhka, 'Ctlika Arctic, Beringian ground squirrel, American long-tailed ground squirrel, Arctic ground squirrel - ʻo kēia mau inoa a pau o ka euraska, a i ʻole evrashka, kahi mea nani e noho ana ma ka Kamchatka Peninsula a me ka Hikina hikina o Lūkia, a ma Alaska a me Kanada hoʻi. ʻO kēia kahi o nā mea nui o nā squirrels honua, ʻaʻole makaʻu iki i ka poʻe a ola ʻaʻole wale i ka nāhelehele, akā i nā kauhale liʻiliʻi hoʻi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Evrazhka
ʻO ka squirrel ground Arctic (lat. Citellus parryi) kahi koʻokoʻo o ka ʻohana squirrel, e pili ana i ka genus o nā squirrels honua, i loaʻa ma ka steppe, meadow a me tundra territories o ka Northern Hemisphere, kokoke i ka Arctic Circle. ʻOiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o kona ʻano, ulu kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka gully i ka nui i ko lākou pālahalaha ʻana - ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka wahi noho, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā gophers.
ʻO nā gullies a me nā gullies paha, ua kapa ʻia lākou no ko lākou aloha i ka peʻe ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā awāwa, a me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua ma laila. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka Semenela ʻo Kamchatka iā lākou, mai hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī i ke kumu o ia inoa no kēia mau holoholona - ua nalowale lākou i nā kenekulia. He mau holoholona fluffy nunui kēia me kahi muvel hoihoi, kahi ʻano o nā ʻano squirrels honua āpau e makemake e nānā i ko lākou wahi, e kī ana i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.
He ʻoluʻolu loa lākou i nā kānaka a ʻoluʻolu e ʻai i ka paʻa lima. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ala maʻamau e hoʻoholo ai i ka makahiki o kahi holoholona - hoʻopihapiha nā poʻe ʻelemakule i ko lākou mau papalina a holo aku e waihona, a ʻai nā ʻōpio i nā mea āpau ma ia wahi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Animal Eurasian
Hiki i ka squirrel Arctic a i ʻole ka euraska i ka lōʻihi o 25-32 kenimika ke hiki mai i ka heluna Chukchi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka ʻAsuria - hiki iā lākou ke hiki i 30cm kenimika. ʻOi aku ka huelo o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka lōʻihi - a i 14 kenimika i ka nui o nā kānaka. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o kēia mau holoholona i kahi awelika o 800 gram.
ʻO ka hulu o kēia holoholona ma ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae he ʻulaʻula, ʻoki. ʻO ka hope a me ka huelo o ka gingerbread Eurasia ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele i ke kala, uhi ʻia me nā kiko nunui, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka malu nui. Uhi ʻia ke poʻo me ka hulu ʻeleʻele loa, kahi kokoke i ke kala o ke kala. He mau kiko ʻeleʻele hoʻi kā ka huelo, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻaoʻaoʻeleʻele. I nā kaikamahine ʻōpio Eurasia, ʻoi aku ka lole o ka hulu, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke kala, me ka ʻole o nā kiko a me ka pouli ʻana.
E like me ke koena o nā laha, hoʻololi ka squirrel honua ʻo Beringian i kona ʻili no ke kau kau a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka hoʻoilo o ka euraska ma mua o ke kauwela, a he mau hina hina. E like me nā ʻelele a pau o ka genus gopher, he holoholona mālama nui ka squirrel o ʻAmelika, a no laila he ʻoi loa nā maka a me ka lohe. ʻIke lākou i ka weliweli e hele mai ana mai kahi lōʻihi, e like me nā manu o nā mea pio, a hana i ka neʻe koke, e peʻe ana i kahi lua.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, wikiwiki koke nā kaikamahine Eurasia i ka neʻe koke ʻana - ʻaʻole paha lākou e ʻike i kahi mea e kolo mālie a i ʻole kahi mea ola kūpono.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā o nā gophers a me nā squirrels honua ʻē aʻe kahi ʻano, ʻaʻole like me nā squirrels ʻē aʻe, ke ʻano o nā papalina a me nā papalina. ʻAe kēia i kēia mau holoholona e hoʻopuka i nā pupuhi o nā lōʻihi like ʻole i nā pae kani like ʻole - mai 2 a 10 kilohertz. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa kā nā kaikamahine Eurasia o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a me kahi ala e mālama ai i ka momona, e ʻae iā lākou e ola i ke anuanu nui loa i ka hibernation. ʻO ka mahana o ke kino o kēia mau mea e iho pū ana me ka mahana o ka mahana, me ka hāʻule ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻole.
Ma hea e noho ai ka euraska?
Kiʻi: Evrazhka ma Kamchatka
E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, ola ka squirrel ground Arctic ma nā wahi kokoke i ka Arctic Circle a hiki i ka permafrost ponoʻī, ka mea e pale i kēia mau holoholona mai ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona i nā ʻanuʻu steppe, meadow a tundra o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi ʻole o ka mile a me ka hapa ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, nā wahi noho:
- Kahawai ʻo Yana.
- Mokupuni ʻo Ayon.
- Muliwai Indigirka.
- Kolyma Highlands.
- ʻO Verkhoyansk Upland.
- Penikala Chukotka.
- Penikala ʻo Kamchatka.
- ʻO ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Kolyma, Kolyma, a hiki i ka puka o ka moana.
Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, noho ka squirrel ground Beringian ma nā ʻāina ʻākau o Alaska, British Columbia a me Kanada. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomaka ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona ma muli o ka puka ʻana mai o kahi mau kumu meaʻai hou aʻe - ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā Europa i nā ala nui a me nā wahi noho kokoke i ko lākou wahi noho. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻO ka squirrel ground American, e like me kona ʻohana āpau, he holoholona mink. ʻIke mau ʻia kēia mau lua ma kahi hohonu o 30 a 300 mau kenimika a aia i 15 mika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻoemi ka hohonu a me ka lōʻihi o nā lua ma muli o ka palupalu o ka lepo a ke hoʻokokoke nei ka nohona i ka permafrost, ʻoiai ka nui o nā mea ola, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano mai nā ʻohana āpau e kahi hanana kūikawā o nā lua. ʻO nā gopher āpau, ʻaʻole ʻeli wale nā gopher i nā puka kū i luna no nā keʻena pūnana - lawa ka papamoe no lākou, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka maʻalahi e hū inā loaʻa ka makaʻu.
He aha ka mea a ka wahine Europa e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Animal Eurasian ma Lūkia
ʻO nā wahine Eurasia he omnivores, akā ʻo kā lākou papaʻai nui e pili pono i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO nā mea kanu, e like me nā moʻo a me nā limu, hana i ka papaʻai maʻamau o ka nāhelehele a me nā ʻāpana steppe ʻo Beringian e noho nei i nā latitude mehana, ʻoiai ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka permafrost, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai o nā holoholona - nā ʻelala, nā ʻenuhe a me nā kupapaʻu paha.
Pili nā hoʻololi i ka papaʻai i ke kau - i ke kau kau wela, hānai nā kaikamahine ʻo Eurasia i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻili a me nā kolo, akā kokoke i ka wā hoʻoilo, ma mua o ka hibernating, neʻe lākou i nā aʻa a me nā hua aia kokoke i ka honua. I kēia manawa, ʻai pinepine lākou i nā lingonberry a me nā blueberry, a me nā pulupulu a me nā lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Eia kekahi, he kūpono loa nā squirrels ground Arctic a, e like me ko lākou ʻohana, hana i nā lako. Kū kēia i ka hapa lua o ke kauwela, a me nā mea kanu maloʻo, a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau, e hele i kahi mālama.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻimi pinepine kēia mau meaola i ka meaʻai mai nā hale o ke kanaka inā noho kokoke lākou. I nā hihia pēlā, ʻai nā kaikamahine i nā koena i loaʻa i nā wahi kahi e hoʻolei ʻia ai ka ʻōpala, a hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana bakery a me nā palaoa e like me nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia. ʻO nā hihia o ka cannibalism (e ʻai nei i kā lākou ʻano) ʻike ʻia i nā gophers e noho kokoke ana i nā kānaka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Animal Evrazhka
I ko lākou wahi maoli, akahele loa nā kaikamahine Eurasia, akā ʻeleu loa, ʻoi aku ka nohona. He ʻoluʻolu loa lākou, akā i ka manawa like hilahila loa, a ʻo ka leo kani liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka neʻe koke ʻana hiki ke nalowale maoli ka holoholona. I ka manawa like, me kahi hoʻi wikiwiki i loko o ka lua, hoʻopuka ka holoholona i kahi ʻōwīwī ʻoi, e hōʻike ana i kona mau hoahānau. Whistling me kekahi a hūnā koke, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuke i ka mea ʻino i kahi ʻano o ka nānā ʻole i ka mea pio mau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā kā lākou akahele i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole lākou i ka leo mālie a me ka neʻe lohi, i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea ʻino he nui e kaʻanalike i ko lākou wahi noho, a me ka poʻe e hopu i kēia mau holoholona, he mau mea ʻino kokoke i nā mea kanu a me nā māla mea kanu.
Hoʻomaka ka manawa o ka hana i nā squirrels honua ʻAmelika ma hope o 5 a pau a ma kahi o 19-20 mau hola, e hoʻomaha ana ma kahi o ke awakea. Kū ka piko o ka hana kau i ka waena o ke kauwela, ke noho nā ʻōpio.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ke ʻano o ke ola o nā gophers, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā squirrels honua, ʻo ia ka manawa hibernation, kahi e hala ma kahi o 7-8 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ia ma ʻAukake-Kepakemapa a pau i ʻApelila-Mei. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hana o nā Euras i kahi mahana o -40 kekelē. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hiamoe pū kekahi me ka hāʻule hau a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mahana haʻahaʻa a maikaʻi ʻole paha. I kēia manawa, hiki i ke ana wela i ka lumi moe o ka lua ke hāʻule i nā waiwai maikaʻi ʻole: a i -5 kekelē. ʻO ke kino o nā holoholona iā lākou iho i kēlā mau manawa ke hoʻololi i nā loli i kahi kūwaho, e hāʻule ana i -10 kekelē.
Pau ka hiamoe hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, a no kekahi manawa ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ka hibernation e hana pono ai kēia mau holoholona. ʻOiai lākou e hibernate ma kahi o ka manawa like, ʻo nā kāne makua ka mea mua i hele mai i luna i ke kolone, a ukali ʻia e nā wahine, a laila nā ʻōpio i hiki i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka manawa ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule, akā piʻi kekahi i ʻelua.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, nā kaikamahine Eurasia, a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kā lākou laha, hana me ka ʻeleu a me ka wiwo ʻole, ʻaʻole e holo i ka wā e ʻike ai i nā mea neʻe ikaika a me nā ʻōwili e hōʻike ana ʻaʻole makaʻu, e like me ke ʻano kūlohelohe, akā kahi loli o ka hiʻona. Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka paʻa pio, mālama wale ʻia nā gophers ma nā pā nui a ākea, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻeli i nā lua. He paʻakikī loa e mālama iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hauʻoli ka holoholona iā ia iho me kahi ākea.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Evrazhka
He pilikanaka loa nā kaikamahine Eurasia a noho i nā hui nui - nā kolone a hiki i 50 mau kānaka i ka nui. Hiki i ka panalāʻau o ke kolone ke hōʻea i 6 hectares, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma kēia panalāʻau, ʻoiai ke noho nei kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā hui kaʻawale a i ʻole pinepine. ʻAno laha ʻole ka hana aggressive ma waena o nā lālā o ka hui - aloha ka hapanui o nā gopher kekahi i kekahi a kaupalena ʻia i nā pāʻani. ʻO ia mau pāʻani, ma ke ʻano he rula, e kōkua i ka hoʻopuehu hou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma luna o ka ʻāina, kahi e kū nei i nā kāne oʻo kolohe.
ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka kamaʻilio ʻana i ko lākou kolone ma waena o nā Europa he mau ʻūlū o nā lōʻihi like ʻole a me nā tonality - mai nā kaomi a hiki i nā ʻāwī kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka weliweli i nā gopher, no ka laʻana, he ʻoki ʻoiʻoi pōkole ia, ʻoiai kahi kīwī liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi e hāʻawi ʻia e kahi kāne i lanakila i kahi kāne ʻē aʻe i ka pāʻani a i ʻole ka hakakā no ka wahine.
Hoʻomaka ka wā male i nā wahine Eurasia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ma hope koke o ka ala ʻana o nā wahine mai ka hibernation, a hala ma kahi o 10 mau lā. I ka poʻe noho o nā panalāʻau ʻākau aʻe, hala ʻo ia i nā lua, ʻoiai ma mua o ka pae ʻana i luna. Kū ka litter ma kahi o ka hopena o Mei a hoʻokomo ʻia mai 5 a 10 mau keiki bipi (ʻo ka nui i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā nānā ʻana he 14), hiki ke kiʻi i ka papa i ka hopena o Iune.
I ka manawa like, ma kahi o ka waena o Iulai, hoʻomaka ka poʻe i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka hoʻopuehu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kānaka hoʻokahi makahiki i ka moekolohe ma nā wahine Eurasia, a hāʻule ka piko o ka momona ma luna o ʻelua makahiki a me ʻekolu makahiki. A laila hiki mai ka manawa o ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a hoʻomākaukau no ka hibernation.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka evrazhka
Kiʻi: holoholona ʻo Evrazhka
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā squirrels ground Arctic nā predators āpau me kahi ʻano like. Hoʻomaka ka papa inoa o kēia me nā manu o nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me nā ʻelele o nā manu lele i ke ao, a hoʻopau me nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina, me nā mea nui.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o evrazhek:
- Pueo;
- ʻO Gyrfalcon;
- Aeto;
- Skuas;
- ʻĪlio;
- Alopeke;
- Nā Wolves;
- Wolverine.
Ma waena o nā ʻenemi ʻokoʻa loa o kēia mau gopher he ʻōpala, a, ʻano lawa ʻole, hānai iā lākou i kekahi manawa, a me nā bea. No lākou, ʻo ka bea paha ka mea weliweli loa o nā mea āpau - like me nā hoʻoweliweli kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā lua hohonu ke hoʻopakele iā lākou mai iā lākou. Hiki i ka bea ke ʻeli wale i lalo i ka honua i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi eurashka, a loaʻa i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Evrazhka i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO ka heluna nui o nā ʻai gingerbreads i kēia manawa a nui wale ia - i nā biotopes mehana i noho ʻia e kēia mau holoholona, piʻi ka nui o nā lua i 600-700 no ka hectare, ʻoiai ka helu maʻamau o nā lua o lākou mai 140 a 200. A ʻo kēia ka liʻiliʻi 250 kanaka ma loko o ka panalāʻau like.
I nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka nui o nā squirrels ground Arctic burrows per hectare averages 12-15, a he mea hiki ke noho ʻia nā mea āpau. Ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka, ʻokoʻa iki ke kūlana - ka heluna kanaka mai 30 a 50 mau poʻo me ka nui o nā lua. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻohe ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai ka helu ʻana i nā holoholona he paʻakikī loa a pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi i nā helu helu liʻiliʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka nānā ʻana a me ka māka ʻana.
ʻAʻohe o nā squirrels ʻāina ʻAmelika a ʻo Beringian paha i kekahi o nā papa inoa mālama a ʻaʻole kākaʻikahi. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, ulu ka lehulehu o nā laha a hoʻonui i kona wahi noho, me ka makaʻu ʻole e noho kokoke i nā alanui a me nā wahi noho kanaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā squirrels ground Arctic kahi mea nui a koʻikoʻi nui o nā kaiaolaola i loko o kā lākou wahi noho, e hana nui ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu a me ka hoʻohou ʻana o ka lepo i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana. Mahalo i ka evrazhki, e noho ana i nā agrocenoses (ʻāina mahi ʻia), hoʻomaikaʻi ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa a me nā palaoa.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomohala kanaka ʻana o nā panalāʻau e noho ʻia e nā kaikamahine ʻo Eurasia, a me ka hopena o ka manawa o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka huluhulu, luku iki ka poʻe i kēia mau holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, he hoʻomaʻamaʻa ko nā kamaʻāina kūloko o kēia mau panalāʻau i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻili no ka hana ʻana i nā lole mehana. I kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa, kī ʻia lākou no ka hōʻino ʻana i ka meaʻai, keu hoʻi no ka luku ʻana i nā cereal.
ʻO Evrazhka, a i ʻole ka squirrel ground Beringian kahi mea ola ʻole a hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻi, pilikanaka a hilahila loa i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, ke hoʻokokoke aku nei i kahi kanaka no ka hoihoi maoli a holo aku i kahi hōʻailona iki o ka weliweli. ʻO ka hoihoi o kēia mau holoholona hulu, ma ke ʻano he rula, alakaʻi i ka makemake e hānai iā lākou, a hoʻopau me ka pau ʻole o ka makaʻu i ke kumu meaʻai a me ka helehelena i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o ka maʻalea e hoʻopuni ana i nā kaikamahine Eurasia ma loko o ka hiki o ka meaʻai.
Lā paʻi: 02.02.2019
Lā hou: 09/16/2019 ma 21:07
