Pehea ke ʻano alpaka a pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka lama? ʻO Alpaca (ke koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hope) he holoholona hoʻokahi mika ke kiʻekiʻe me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāʻī mai ka ʻohana kāmelo. Domesticated e nā Indians kūloko, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka laha o kēia holoholona, no kona hulu waiwai nui loa ma ka honua, hānai ʻia a nui hou aku, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Australia, kahi e kūpono ai ke aniau no lākou.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Alpacas
No ke aʻo ʻana i kēia holoholona a me kāna ʻano maʻamau, ua hoʻolilo nā ʻepekema i mau makahiki e nānā ana i ka DNA o ka holoholona a hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kuhiakau.
- pili lākou iā lākou i nā māmela;
- kahi kaʻawale o artiodactyls;
- nā kāhea suborder;
- ka ʻohana kāmelo;
- genus of vicuna.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano o kēia mau holoholona i ka honua, like ke ʻano o kekahi i kekahi. ʻO nā mea mua ka nui o nā llamas, ʻo nā guanacos he liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke kiʻekiʻe, a me nā vicuñas, i kū i waho i ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka lokomaikaʻi, maikaʻi, a ʻo nā shaggy ʻoi loa nā alpacas. Ua noho kēia mau holoholona mai ka wā kahiko, akā ma waho ʻaʻole lākou i loli. Kaupaona kahi makua a hiki i 70 kilokilo, a piʻi a hoʻokahi mika i ke kiʻekiʻe.
Video: Alpaca
I nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema, hānai ʻia nā alpacas i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, i nā wahi hānai. No laila, wahi a ka poʻe kamaʻāina, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola, a ke wikiwiki nei lākou i ke kaupaona. Ua lawe ʻia lākou i ʻEulopa ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, me ka pahuhopu o ka ulu ʻana ma ke ʻano he holoholona hoʻohiwahiwa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono iki kēia ʻano, ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe i ʻae iā lākou iho i kēia "makamae" he holoholona me kahi ʻano aloha e hoʻolilo iā ia iho a "kamaʻilio" me ia e hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau.
ʻElua mau ʻano alpaca: Wakaya a me Suri. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka hulu hipa.
- Ke kaulaʻi nei ka hulu hipa o Suri i nā pigtails i ka honua loa a palupalu a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO kēia ka alpaca waiwai nui a kākaʻikahi loa.
- ʻO ka huacaya, ma muli o kona mānoanoa a me ke kapa, ʻo ia nō ke ʻano maoli o ka alpaca. Ua ulu lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea maka maʻalahi ka maʻalahi ma mua o kā Suri.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Alpaca holoholona
Ma muli o ka nele o ka hooves, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka callus suborder. Hoʻololi kēia kulina i ka wāwae a me ka hoof. ʻO kā lākou mau lālā manamana lima ʻelua me nā māiʻuo kūpilikiʻi me ke ʻano meli. I ka nahelehele, holoi ʻia nā maiuu ma nā pōhaku a me ka ʻino o nā pāpū, a inā mālama ʻia ka pipi i kahi peni, a laila e ʻoki mau ʻia nā māiʻuʻu. Ke hele wāwae, hoʻomaha lākou ma nā phalanges o nā manamana lima, no ka hopena ʻaʻole e hehi ʻia nā wahi hānai. I nā paddock, pono lākou i ka papahele palolo e like me ka mauʻu.
Haehae lākou i nā mea kanu me ko lākou lehelehe a me ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o nā incisors āpau, no ka mea ʻaʻohe niho kiʻekiʻe. Me ka makahiki, mae nā incisors a ulu mālie. Loaʻa ka huluhulu mānoanoa, manaʻo nui lākou i nā kuahiwi me ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 mano mau mika, a hiki pū ke hanu i ka ea mauna kiʻekiʻe me kahi haʻahaʻa oxygen haʻahaʻa. Hoʻololi ke kino o kahi holoholona ruminant e hana i kahi nui o nā mea kanu. No ka lā holoʻokoʻa hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka meaʻai i loko o kā lākou ʻōpū mau ʻole me ʻekolu mau keʻena (he ʻehā nā ruminants ʻē aʻe), a i ke ahiahi hana lākou.
Ma waena o nā Indians kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hipa alpaca he kālā hoʻololi, a ʻo ka manure kahi wahie waiwai a maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili no ka humuhumu lole. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo Alpaca, akā kākaʻikahi loa. E lilo lākou i mea pono ke ola lākou.
I kēia manawa, manaʻo ʻia ka hulu hipa ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. No ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻolālā me ka nani a me ka palupalu, hoʻohana ʻia ka lole alpaca ʻōpio. A no nā kapeta a me nā kapa waho, kūpono ka huluhulu o nā ʻelemākule.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻaca?
Kiʻi: ʻApaka alpacas
Noho nui kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi o ka South American Andes ma ka Altiplano (plateau, ka lua o ka nui) a ma nā ʻāina o nā kuahiwi o Peruvian, hānai ma Ecuador a me Argentina. Ma hea ka paʻakikī a me ka loli o ke aniau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi pūʻā. Ma ka palena hau o nā kuahiwi, kahi liʻiliʻi iki o nā mea kanu, akā ʻo nā puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu e ʻumeʻume i ka poʻe noho o nā holoholona Peruvian ma laila.
ʻO kā Chile a me ʻAtenekia he mau kauā lūlū hihiu i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻohiʻohi hulu hipa. I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e like me ʻApelika, i ko lākou kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole lākou e ola i ke ala like e like me ka nohona maʻamau nā kula kiʻekiʻe. A ʻaʻole kūpono ka mahana wela i ka hoʻoulu hua. I ʻEnelani a me Nūhōlani mālama ʻia lākou i mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia i nā peni kūikawā.
Nui nā māla Zoological i Lūkia, akā ʻo ka ulu ʻana i kahi alpaca kahi mākau holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i kahi pale e kūʻē i ka ua a me ka hau. ʻAʻole pono lākou i kahi lumi mehana, akā pono lākou e pale ʻia mai ka makani.
He aha ka ʻai a ka alpaca?
Kiʻi: Alpaca
I ko lākou kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole lākou i whimsical i ka meaʻai a hoʻohana i nā ʻōpio, nā limu a me nā mea kanu momona a me nā kākalaioa e wili koke ai i ka meaʻai. A inā ʻoe e mālama i kahi holoholona i kahi peni, a laila pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai e like me ka mea e ulu ana i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻO ka mauʻu paʻakikī paʻakikī me ka mauʻu ʻole me ka mauʻu lush i hoʻonui ʻia me nā mineral. No laila, pehea ka ʻokoʻa o ka lepo mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema. E hoʻomoana me nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai. Inā makemake ʻia, e hāʻawi i ka ʻai pala pala.
ʻĀ, inā hānai nā holoholona i nā kula, a laila kanu nā mea mahiʻai i nā mea kanu momona e like me ka alfalfa a me ka clover ma nā kula. ʻO ka inu palena ʻole a me ke alo o nā liko paʻakai ka mea nui e pale aku ai i nā microorganism weliweli a no ka digestion maikaʻi. Pono nā wahine lactating wahine i nā mea kōkua protein.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana i kahi pā, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻike e ʻūlū nei lākou i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. No laila, pono e kūkulu i ka pā mai nā kumu lilac, i hiki ke hōʻeha i nā holoholona. ʻĀ, e mālama i nā lāʻau hua, ka mea ʻono nui. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā meaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o ka hulu hipa. Ma ka home, i ka Andes, ulu ka mauʻu - ichu, ʻo ka meaʻai wale nō no nā alpacas Peruvian. No laila, ma Peru, ka lāhui waiwai nui o kēia mau holoholona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: alpaca nani
ʻO nā holoholona maʻemaʻe me nā maka ʻoluʻolu. I nā ʻāina o ʻAtenaina, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi keiki e pāʻani ana me ka pēpē a i ʻole ke kanaka makua. Lokomaikaʻi kahi mea kolohe ʻole i ke kanaka. Inā ʻoe e kuʻi i hoʻokahi holoholona mai ka pipi, a laila hāʻule koke ia i ka honua a ʻaʻole ala i luna. I kēia kūlana, ʻokiʻoki nā mahiʻai i ko lākou lauoho.
Hōʻike nā wahine hāpai i ka huhū i nā mea ʻona huhū. Piʻi a kuha paha lākou.
Hui maikaʻi ʻo Alpaca me nā holoholona. Ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā kahu hānai i ka hiki ke hānai hipa, me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana. Ke hele wāwae nei i ka lau nahele, hū lākou me ka mālie i ka mauʻu maloʻo, hemo i nā nāhele o ke kākalaioa. ʻO nā leo a lākou e hāʻawi ai, ua like ia me ka trill mele. Me kēia kani, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou hoihoi, hopohopo a makaʻu paha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO alpaca pēpē me kona makuahine
Ma ke keʻa ʻana i nā alpacas a me nā llamas, loaʻa iā lākou nā keiki kūloko - Uarisos. Akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā keiki ponoʻī ke hānau hou. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻo Llamas, alpacas, guanacos i kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka moekolohe ma nā wahine mai 18-24 mau mahina, a i nā kāne mai 24-30 mau mahina. Mākaukau lākou no ka moʻa piha a me ka momona ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki.
ʻO ka wā male ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. "Kāohi" ka hānau ʻana ma ka nāhelehele e ke kāne ponoʻī, ʻaʻole ʻae i nā "malihini". A inā ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau bipi e hui pū ʻia, he kaua ikaika loa no nā pono o ka primacy e hana ʻia ana ma nā wahi hānai, a e hōʻoia pono kēlā me kēia alakaʻi ʻaʻole e mālama ʻia ka male ʻana me nā kāne ʻē. A i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ke kanaka a koho i nā kāne hoʻohiki a momona hoʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i ka momona o ka wahine e kāna ʻano. ʻO ka maʻamau ua mākaukau ʻo ia e male ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, akā inā ua hāpai ʻo ia, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i ke kāne e hoʻokokoke iā ia.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka wahine i ka wā hāpai a maʻamau ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wahine. Hāpai ʻia ka ʻōpū no ʻumikūmākahi mau mahina. Inā laki ka cuba e ola ai, a laila hānau lākou i ke kaupaona ʻana 1 kilokilo a i hoʻokahi hola e ala lākou i kā lākou iho. Ulu ulu a hiki i 35-40 kilokika e 9 mau mahina. ʻO ke kumu, hoʻokahi cub, i ka hihia kakaikahi ʻelua, a laila make ʻelua. I ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, kokoke ka pipi, ma ka pae o ke kūlohelohe e koi lākou e kiaʻi i ka wahine a me ka alpachon hānau.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka alpaca
Kiʻi: Alpaca a me ʻīlio 🙂
I ka nahelehele, he cougars, jaguars, a me coyotes nā ʻenemi. Noho ʻo Cougars a me nā leopadi i kēlā mau wahi, a inā nui ka mea, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka pipi ke hakakā hou, no ka lilo ʻana o kekahi o nā ʻohana. Maliʻa paha ʻo ka cougar wale nō ka piʻo e piʻi kiʻekiʻe i nā kuahiwi. Akā i ka alualu ʻana i ka alpaca wikiwiki luhi ia, kahi mea e loaʻa ai kahi pōmaikaʻi i ka pūʻā holoʻokoʻa.
Pale aku lākou i nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku ma ke kīkē ʻana me ko lākou mau wāwae mua. ʻIke loa lākou i ka mea ʻaka ma kahi mamao a ao aku i ka pilikia e hoʻokokoke ana me ka halulu nui. ʻO kēia halulu nui, e ʻohiʻohi i nā pua bipi holoʻokoʻa, he wīwī loa a hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ʻaihue. Mālama ka holo wikiwiki iā ʻoe mai nā ʻīlio hulu maned - nā loners a me nā ʻalopeke. No ka pale ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka kuha, a kū pono hoʻi ia i nā kūpuna. Pili pū ka kuha i loko o ka pā i ka hakakā no ka meaʻai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Alpacas
Ua koho ʻia aia he 3.5-4.5 miliona mau alpaka. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka heluna holoholona he 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua mālama mau ʻo Guanacos a me nā vicuñas i kahi mamao, ulu ulu, ʻoiai ʻo llamas a me nā alpacas i lilo i holoholona ma kahi o 5-6 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Ua hōʻole lōʻihi ka heluna alpaca, mai nā lā o nā paionia ma nā ʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hema a ma ka nāhelehele, me ka nānā ʻole ʻia o ke kanaka ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa hou iā lākou. ʻO ka poʻe kolone, no ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou holoholona, "kipaku" i nā bipi i nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole o ka Andes, ua hōʻemi loa kēia i ka nui o nā holoholona. Akā pono lākou e hoʻomaʻa i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe a nānā i nā wahi me nā wahi e pili pono ana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele ma luna o nā kuahiwi. Hiki i nā hōʻailona kūwaho ma waena o kahi alpaca a me kahi llama ke huikau.
Akā he mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau holoholona:
- ua like nā pepeiao o ka llama a lōʻihi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia me ka mahina puʻupuʻu. A ma nā alpacas kuhikuhi lākou;
- ke kinona a me ka nui o ke alo o ka alpaca he pōʻai a liʻiliʻi. I ka lama, elongated a ololi ia;
- ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaupaona o ka llama, ʻelua manawa;
- He mea hilahila nā llamas i ke ola, he manaʻo aloha ko ka alpaca hoʻokipa;
- ʻo ka hulu hipa o ka mea ma mua he coarer, ʻoiai ʻo ka llamas.
ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano a me ka lawena. ʻOi aku ka hakakā ʻo Alpacas, a hiki i nā llamas ke kīkī a kuha paha no ke kumu ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoihana Pelekane i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā huahana kūlohelohe i hoʻolauna i nā mea maka i hana ʻia mai ka hulu hipa i ka mākeke lole. No laila, ua hele mai kēia ʻano holoholona i waho o ke aka a hoʻomaka hou i ka mahalo ʻia e ka lehulehu. Ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no kēia ʻano, a me nā vicuñas.
ʻ saylelo nā Conservationists ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka heluna alpaca, a ʻaʻohe mea e pono e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka Red Book. Akā, eia nō naʻe, ma Peru ka kaohi o ka hoʻokuʻu aku a luku ʻia o nā holoholona.
He mea kūpono ke haʻi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka fiber alpaca. Hele mai lākou i 16 a 18 mau kala. Mai keʻokeʻo a hina hina me kahi aniani ʻalani, mai melemele a i brown brown. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele, akā like like, ke koi nei ke kani keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi. I ka ʻoihana lole, ʻaʻohe pono e kala i ka hulu hipa, hoʻohana ʻia ia i kona ʻano kūlohelohe.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka huluhulu Alpaca e nā ʻano aʻe:
- hamo-hōʻoia a me ka wai-hoʻopale;
- ke kaupaona māmā me ke ʻano palupalu;
- mehana o ka hulu hipa;
- ʻaʻole e kuʻi ka huahana a ʻaʻole kumu i nā maʻi āpau;
- ʻaʻahu a ʻaʻole haumia no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka loaʻa ʻole o lanolin.
ʻAlaka hāʻawi i ka hulu hipa kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka qualitative distinguishes ia mai ka hapanui o nā lole maoli. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā lole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 24.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 9:29
