Pueo ʻelika (Struthio camelus) he manu kupaianaha ia i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ia ka nui o nā manu, e waiho ana i nā hua nui. Hoʻohui hou, holo wikiwiki nā ʻōpelu ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe a pau, a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 65-70 km / h.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻAteterani ostrich
ʻO ka ostrich wale nō ka lālā ola o ka ʻohana Struthionidae a me ka genus Struthio. Hāʻawi nā ʻōpelu i kā lākou mau hui Struthioniformes me nā emu, rhea, kiwi a me nā ratite ʻē aʻe - nā manu ʻoluʻolu umauma (ratite). ʻO ka mōʻī mua o ka manu e like me ka ostrich i ʻike ʻia ma Kelemania i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he Central European Paleotis mai ka Middle Eocene - he manu lele ʻole 1.2 m kiʻekiʻe kona kiʻekiʻe.
Video: ʻAoʻoseterania
ʻIke like nā mea like i loko o nā waihona Eocene o ʻEulopa a me nā waihona Moycene o ʻAsia e hōʻike i ka hoʻokaʻawale ākea o ka ostrich-like i ka wā mai 56.0 a 33.9 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma waho o ʻApelika.
- ma ka mokuna ʻāina ʻo ʻInikia;
- ma Mua a ma ʻAkia Waena;
- ma ka hema o ʻEulopa Hikina.
Ua ʻae nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā kūpuna lele o nā ostriches o kēia manawa he pae ʻāina a he sprinters maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā moʻo kahiko i alakaʻi iki ʻia i ka nalo ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai, no laila ua nui aʻe nā manu, a ua pau ka hiki ke lele a pono wale nō.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻAo ostrika
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōlani me nā ratite - nā manu lele ʻole, me kahi sternum pālahalaha me ka ʻole o keel, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā mākala ʻēheu i nā manu ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, kaupaona nā ostriches ma kahi o 45 kg. ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi manu makua mai 90 a 130 kg. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā kāne makua kāne moekolohe (mai 2-4 makahiki) mai 1.8 a 2.7 mika, a me nā wahine - mai 1.7 a 2 mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi ostrich he 30-40 mau makahiki, ʻoiai aia he mau lōʻihi lōʻihi e ola i 50 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻohe hulu nā wāwae ikaika o ka aeto. ʻElua manamana wāwae o ka manu ma kēlā me kēia wāwae (ʻoiai ʻo ka hapanui o nā manu ʻehā), a ʻo ka thumbnail o loko e like me ka hoof. Ua kū kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka iwi i ka papa o ka evolution a hoʻoholo i ka hiki o ka sprint maikaʻi loa o nā ostriches. Kōkua nā wāwae muscular i ka holoholona e holo wikiwiki i 70 km / h. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeheu o nā ostriches me kahi lōʻihi o ʻelua mau mika no ka lele no nā makahiki miliona. Akā ʻo nā ʻēheu nunui e huki i ka manaʻo o nā hoa i ka wā o ka moena a hāʻawi i ka malu no nā moa.
Kūpilikiʻi kūpale kūpale kūpuna makua a hiki ke kū i ke ana wela a hiki i ka 56 ° C me ka ʻole o ke koʻikoʻi nui.
ʻO ka hulu palupalu a palupalu o nā kāne makua ʻeleʻele ka nui, me nā kihi keʻokeʻo ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu a me ka huelo. ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne ʻōpio ʻōmaʻomaʻo hina. ʻAno ʻōlohelohe ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o nā ostriches, akā uhi ʻia me ka lahilahi o lalo. Hiki i nā maka o ka ostrich i ka nui o nā pōpō billiard. Lawe lākou i kahi ākea i ka iwi poʻo o ka iwi o ka ostrich i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā maka o kona maka. ʻOiai ʻo ka hua manu ostrich ka nui o nā hua manu āpau, mamao loa ia mai kahi mua e pili ana i ka nui o ka manu ponoʻī. ʻO ke kaupaona o kekahi kilokika he 1% wale nō kaupaona ma mua o ka wahine. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka hua kiwi, ka mea nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makuahine, he 15-20% o kona kino kaumaha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻōlana o ʻApelika?
Kiʻi: Pōkō ʻAtelika
ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke lele e kaupalena i ka wahi noho o ka manu o ʻAteropa i savannah, nā pāpū ʻaʻohe maloʻo a me nā wahi mauu ākea o ʻApelika. I loko o kahi kaiaolaola kai ākea, ʻaʻole hiki i ka manu ke ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli i ka manawa. Akā i ka ākea, nā wāwae ikaika a me ka hihiʻo maikaʻi e ʻae i ka a otstrich e ʻike maʻalahi a loaʻa i nā mea hānai he nui.
Noho ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka aeto i ka ʻāina ma ka hema o ka wao akua ʻo Sahara. Noho ka ʻaka o ʻApelika ʻĀkau ma ka ʻākau o ʻApelika: mai ke kapakai komohana a i kēlā me kēia wahi ma ka hikina. Noho nā ʻāpana ʻo Somali a me Masai o nā ostriches ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina. Hoʻolaha pū ʻia ka ostrich Somalia ma ka ʻākau o ka Maasai, ma ka Horn o ʻApelika. Noho ʻo ka ʻōpelika ʻApelika Hema ma ke komohana hema o ʻApelika.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ka Middle East a i ʻole ʻo Arab ostrich, i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana o Suria a me ka Peninsula ʻo ʻAlapia e like me 1966. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona mau lunamakaainana i ka ostrich o ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Minamina, no ka desiccation ikaika, ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kaua i kēia wahi, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia nā mea hana i ka honua.
He aha ka mea a ka ʻakaʻaka o ʻApelika e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: manu ʻōnekani manu lele ʻApelika
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai o ka aeto ka mea kanu o nā lau nahele, nā ʻanoʻano, nā kumulāʻau, nā hua, nā pua, nā ovaries a me nā huaʻai. I kekahi manawa, hopu ka holoholona i nā pepeke, nāhesa, nā moʻo, nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻai hiki iā lākou ke ale i ka pau. I nā mahina maloʻo loa, hiki i ka aeto ke hana me ka ʻole o ka wai no kekahi mau lā, me ka ʻoluʻolu me ka momona i loaʻa i nā mea kanu.
Ma muli o ka hiki i nā ʻōliko ke wili i ka meaʻai, kahi a lākou e hoʻohana ai i ka ale ʻana i nā ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻohe i hōʻino ʻia e ka nui o nā mea kanu, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā holoholona e hiki ʻole ke ʻeli. ʻAi ʻo Ostriches ʻaneʻane i nā mea āpau e hele mai ana, e ale pinepine ana i nā pū poka, nā kinipōpō, nā hue a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pūʻulu o nā ostriches ʻApelika
I mea e ola ai, alakaʻi ka ʻōpelika ʻApelika i kahi ola nomadic, e neʻe mau ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā hua a me nā kolo. ʻO nā kaiāulu ostrich kahi hoʻomoana kokoke i nā kino wai, no laila hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻelepani a me nā antelope. No ka mea hope loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā kaiāulu, no ka mea, ke walaʻau nui nei ka aeto i ʻōlelo pinepine aku i nā holoholona i kahi makaʻu paha.
I nā mahina hoʻoilo, holoholo nā manu i nā pālua a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō, akā i ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona a i ka wā o ke kau mū, hana mau lākou i nā hui o 5 a 100 mau kānaka. Hele pinepine kēia mau hui i ke ala o nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokahi ke kāne nui i ka hui a pale i ka ʻāina. Loaʻa iā ia hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku wahine wahine.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻAteterita me ka pua
Noho mau ʻo Ostriches i nā hui o 5-10 mau kānaka. Aia ma ke poʻo o ka pipi ke kāne nui, ka mea nāna e kiaʻi i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia, a me kāna wahine. ʻO ke kuhi leo nui a hohonu hoʻi o ke kāne mai kahi mamao aku e kuhihewa ʻia no ka leo o ka liona. I ke kau makemake ʻia no ka hānau ʻana (mai Malaki a Kepakemapa), hana ka kāne i kahi hulahula moena maʻamau, e hoʻoluli ana i kona mau ʻeheu a me nā hulu o ka huelo. Inā kākoʻo ke mea i koho ʻia, hoʻomākaukau ke kāne i kahi lua pāpaʻu i mea e hoʻolako pono ai i ka pūnana, kahi e waiho ai ka wahine ma kahi o 7-10 mau hua.
ʻO kēlā me kēia hua manu he 15 knm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻo 1.5 kg. ʻO nā hua manu Ostrich ka mea nui loa o ka honua!
ʻO nā keiki ostriches i male i nā hua i ka hope. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pūnana, hoʻoulu ʻia nā hua manu e nā wahine i ke ao a me nā kāne i ka pō. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka hina, nāhele poʻomanaʻo o ka wahine e hui pū me ke one, ʻoiai ke kāne ʻeleʻele e ʻike maka ʻole ʻia i ka pō. Inā hiki ke hoʻopakele i nā hua manu mai nā hoʻouka ʻana o nā hyenas, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻekue, hānau nā keiki hānai ma hope o 6 mau pule. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpelu i ka nui o ka moa a ulu a hiki i 30 cm i kēlā me kēia mahina! Ma nā mahina ʻeono, hōʻea nā ʻōpelu ʻōpio i ka nui o ko lākou mau mākua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ostrich ʻApelika
Kiʻi: ʻAteterani ostrich
I ke kūlohelohe, he mau ʻenemi ko ka ostriches, no ka mea, me ka mea kaua o ka manu me nā mea nani: nā paws ikaika me nā māiʻuʻu, nā ʻeheu ikaika a me ka nuku. ʻAno pinepine ʻia nā ʻōstric ulu e nā mea ʻaihue, ke hoʻomoe wale lākou no ke kali ʻana no ka manu i kahi hoʻohālua a hōʻeha koke mai ka hope. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻoweliweli ka makaʻu i nā paʻa me nā keiki a me nā keiki hānau hou.
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻīlio hae, hyenas, a me nā ʻāpua hoʻowahāwahā pūnana, hoʻouka kaua ʻia e nā liona, nā leopadi, a me nā ʻīlio hyena ʻApelika. Hiki keʻai ʻia i nā keiki hānau hou ʻaʻole pale pale pale e kēlā me kēia mea ʻino. No laila, ua aʻo ka ʻōpelu i ka maʻalea. I ka makaʻu iki, hāʻule lākou i ka honua a paʻa i ka hau. Ke manaʻo nei ua make nā moa, holo ʻalo nā mea ʻalo iā lākou.
ʻOiai hiki i kahi ʻōliko makua ke pale aku iā ia iho mai nā ʻenemi he nui, inā ʻo ka weliweli makemake ʻo ia e holo. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hōʻike ana nā ʻōpelu i kēlā ʻano hana ma waho wale nō o ka wā pūnana. Ke hoʻoulu nei i nā paʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou keiki ma hope, ua lilo lākou i mau mākua koa wiwo ʻole. I kēia wā o ka manawa, ʻaʻohe nīnau no ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana.
Hana koke ka aeto i kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli. E hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi, hohola ka manu i kona mau ʻeheu, a, inā pono, e holo kiki aku i ka ʻenemi a hehi iā ia me nā wāwae. Me hoʻokahi hahau, hiki i kahi ʻōliko kāne makua ke uhaʻi i ka iwi poʻo o nā ʻaihue, e hoʻohui i kēia i ka wikiwiki nui a ka manu e ulu maoli ai. ʻAʻole ʻaʻa kahi kamaʻāina o ka savannah e ʻaʻa i ka hakakā ākea me kahi ostrich. Lawe wale kekahi i ka pōkole o ka manu.
Hoʻonohonoho nā Hyenas a me nā ʻīlio hae i nā hoʻouka maoli ma nā pūnana ostrich a ʻoiai kekahi e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, ʻaihue kekahi i kahi hua manu mai ka hope.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pōkō ʻAtelika
I ke kenekulia 18, ua makemake nui ʻia ka hulu manu ostrich i waena o nā wahine a hoʻomaka ka nalo ʻana o nā manu ostrichhes mai ʻApelika ʻAkau. Inā ʻaʻole no ka hoʻoulu hānai, i hoʻomaka i ka 1838, ʻo ka manu nui loa ma ka honua i kēia manawa ua pau paha i ka make.
I kēia manawa, ua helu ʻia ka manu ʻōpae ʻApelika i ka IUCN Red List, ʻoiai ke emi mau nei ka heluna hihiu. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā subspecies e ka nalo ʻana o ka wahi noho ma muli o ke kōkua o ke kanaka: hoʻonui ʻia o ka mahiʻai, kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi hou a me nā alanui. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻimi ʻia nā manu no ka hulu, ʻili, ʻiʻo manu ostrich, hua manu a me ka momona, i manaʻo ʻia ma Somalia e hoʻōla i ka maʻi SIDA a me ka maʻi kō.
Pale ʻaʻanakona ʻApelika
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻōtō ʻApelika
ʻO ka heluna o ka manu ʻōpelu ʻApelika hihiu, ma muli o ke komo hewa ʻana o ke kanaka i ka nohona kūlohelohe a me ka hoʻomaʻau mau, āna i hoʻokau ʻia ai ma ka ʻāina nui, ʻaʻole wale no ka plumage waiwai, akā no ka hana ʻana i nā hua a me ka ʻiʻo no ka meaʻai, ke emi iki nei. I hoʻokahi haneli wale nō i hala aku nei, noho nā ʻōpelu i ka pali holoʻokoʻa o ka Sahara - a he 18 mau ʻāina kēia. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua iho ka huahelu i 6. ʻOiai i loko o kēia mau mokuʻāina 6, ke ʻaʻa nei ka manu e ola.
Ua kāhea ʻo SCF - Sahara Conservation Fund i kahi kāhea honua e mālama i kēia heluna kanaka kūikawā a hoʻihoʻi i ka aeto i ka nahelehele. I kēia lā, ua hana nui ka Tahara Conservation Fund a me kāna mau hoa i ka pale ʻana i ka manu ostrich ʻApelika. Ua hana ka hui i kekahi mau ana e kūkulu i nā hale hou no nā kahu hānai, mālama ʻia i ke kaʻina kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā manu hānau i ka lawe pio ʻana, a hāʻawi i ke kōkua i ka National National Zoo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ostriches.
Ma loko o ke kumumanaʻo o ka papahana, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hana e hana i kahi nursery piha i ke kauhale o Kelle ma ka hikina o ka ʻāina. Mahalo i ke kākoʻo o ka Ministry of Environment of Niger, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia he nui o nā manu i hānai ʻia i nā nursery i nā panalāʻau o nā mālama ʻāina i ko lākou wahi maoli.
E ʻike i kēia manawa Pueo ʻelika ʻaʻole hiki ma ka ʻāina ʻApelika wale nō. ʻOiai kahi nui o nā mahiʻai no ka hoʻoulu manu ʻōhua i laila - i ka Lepupalika ʻo ʻApelika Hema. I kēia lā hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mahina ʻai ostrich ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me Rūsia hoʻi. Kono nā mahinaʻai "safari" kūloko i nā malihini kipa e hele a maʻa me kahi manu haʻaheo a kupaianaha hoʻi me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka ʻāina.
Lā paʻi: 22.01.2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 20:35
