ʻO ka Amur tiger ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau a nui loa o ka Tiga e noho ana ma ka Honua. Kākaʻikahi loa ʻo ia i loko o ke Aupuni Celestial kāna poʻe pepehi kanaka i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make.
Ka wehewehe o ka tiger Amur
Babr (mai ka Yakut "baabyr") - ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ke kāhea ʻia ʻana o ke Tiga Siberia ma Rukia, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Hikina Hikina, ʻo Ussuri, a ʻo Amur tiger paha. ʻO Panthera tigris altaica (ka inoa Lākina o nā subspecies) ʻike ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa i ka ʻohana pōpoki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka liona i ka nui. I kēia mau lā, ua hōʻike ʻia ka tiger Amur ma ka hae / ʻāpana o Primorsky Krai a ma ka lole o Khabarovsk.
Ua hoʻonaninani ʻo Babr i nā kapa kila o Yakutsk (mai ka makahiki 1642) a me Irkutsk a hiki i kona lilo ʻana i "beaver" ma lalo o ka Emepera Alexander II ma o ka hewa o kekahi mea pale i ka pela e lawelawe ana i ka ʻoihana heraldic. Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ke kuhi hewa, akā ma nā kapa komo o Irkutsk a me ka ʻāina he holoholona ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe me kahi huelo nui a me nā ʻūlū pūnaewele, e halihali ana i kahi sable i kona mau niho.
Helehelena
He pōpoki hihiu nani ka tiger Amur me kahi ʻano onionio kaha onionio o kahi kino maʻalahi i uhi ʻia me ke poʻo poepoe me nā pepeiao kūlike. ʻO Babr, e like me nā felines a pau, me ka lako o nā niho ʻoi loa he 30 a me nā māiʻu ʻoi loa e kōkua i ka haehae ʻana i nā kupapaʻu a me nā piʻi piʻi lāʻau.
Ua kāpae ʻia ke kāʻei kua predominant (ʻulaʻula) e keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma, ʻōpū a me "sideburns". ʻO nā kaha ʻeleʻele transverse kea i ke kino a me ka huelo, e lilo ana i mau kaha ʻeleʻele symmetrical ma ke poʻo a me ka waha.
ʻO ka mahuka ʻana mai ka hoʻoilo nui, ua koi ʻia ka Tiga Amur e lilo i ulu me nā lauoho mānoanoa a hōʻiliʻili i kahi papa paʻa (5 cm) o ka momona subcutaneite, ka mea e pale ai i ka mea ʻino mai ka hau.
Hiki i kahi tiger nui ke neʻe me ka walaʻau ʻole, e wehewehe ʻia e ka hiki ke hoʻokūʻiwa i nā paws ākea me nā pads palupalu. ʻO ia ke kumu e hele mālie ai ka babr a holo i ke kauwela ʻo Ussuri taiga, me ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana i loko o nā hau kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻoilo.
Ka nui o ka tiger amur
ʻO ka tiger Amur, kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka ʻohana feline, ua ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui ma mua o ka Tiga Tigā e noho ana ma nā pāka aupuni o India. I ka manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau mea pili i ka nui, akā ua hoʻomaka ka hika o ka tiger Ussuri ma muli o ke kokoke loa o kānaka, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ma muli o ka hana hoʻokele waiwai o ka hope.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. E kīloi ka awelika Amur a i ka 2.7-3.8 m ka lōʻihi, kaupaona 200-250 kg a ulu ma kahi maloʻo mai 1 a 1.15 m.
Hōʻike nā Zoologists hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke loaʻa 300 kg a ʻoi paha, ʻoiai ua hoʻopaʻa inoa inoa ʻia kahi moʻolelo hoʻoliʻliʻi - 212 kg. No kahi kāne ia me kahi kola lekiō i hoʻopili ʻia i kona ʻāʻī.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻAʻole like me ka liona, ʻo ka tiger Amur, e like me ka nui o nā felines, ʻaʻole komo i nā haʻaheo, akā makemake i kahi ola mehameha. Hana ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa no nā wahine wale nō, kahi e noho pū ai me ka pua hiki ke noho ma ka ʻāina o ke kāne, a ʻoi aku ka nui i 600-800 km ². ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahi o ka wahine, ma kahi o 300-500 km ².
Mālama pono ke kāne i ka inviolability o nā palena, e kahakaha ana iā lākou me ka wai huna a waiho i nā kaha hohonu ma nā kumu. Piʻi ka tiger Amur, ʻoiai kona nui, piʻi maʻalahi i nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau ʻoka kahiko a i nā piko hoʻi o nā lāʻau fir kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAʻole hele ka holoholona ma ʻō aku o kona panalāʻau inā nui nā ungulate e ʻai iā ia, akā inā pono hiki ke hele wāwae mai 10 a 41 km. Uhi kahi tigress i kahi mamao pōkole i kēlā me kēia lā, mai 7 a 22 km. Hiki i ka tiger Amur ke huki i kahi kupapaʻu lio ma mua o ka hapalua kilomita me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka luhi, a hiki ke hōʻeleu i 80 km / h māmā a i ka hau, ʻo ka lua wale nō i ka cheetah i ka wikiwiki.
Hoihoi. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ka predator i nā kala, a i ka pouli kona mau maka he 5 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kanaka, ʻo ia nō paha ke kumu e makemake ai e alualu i ke ahiahi a i ka pō.
Noho hāmau ka tiger Ussuri: ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa kēia ka mea a nā mea kūlohelohe i ʻōlelo ai, i kiaʻi i ka holoholona i ke kūlohelohe no nā makahiki he nui a ʻaʻole hoʻi i lohe i kona halulu. Hoʻolahalaha wale ka leo o ka tiger i ka wā o ka rut - hana ikaika loa nā wahine. Ulu a huhū ka babr hilahila ʻole, huli i ke ʻano "kohā" i ka huhū. Purrs ka tiger hoʻomaluhia e like me ka pōpoki kūloko.
Ke aloha nei i kahi hoa, hoʻohana ka tiger i nā leo kūikawā i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hanu nui ʻana o ka ea ma o ka ihu a me ka waha. ʻO ka hakina o nā ʻaoʻao a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā muzzles e haʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano maluhia o nā mea ʻaihue.
He mamao loa ka Tiga Tiger mai kahi mea ʻai kanaka (ʻokoʻa ka Bengal), ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ai e hōʻalo i nā kānaka a kāpae i ko lākou mau home i kēlā me kēia ala. Inā hālāwai hewa ʻoe me ke Tiga, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hooki ʻana me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e holo, a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ala me ka huli ʻole o kou kua iā ia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio pū me ia, akā i ka leo mālie a wiwo ʻole hoʻi: ʻo ka ʻuwā ʻana, e lilo ana i puaʻa e ʻono, e hoʻomehana ai i ka hoihoi o ke Tiga i kou kanaka.
Mai ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia i hala a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua manu Amur i nā kānaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā palena o nā wahi noho o nā Teritori Primorsky a me Khabarovsk. ʻOiai i kāna mea maoli, ʻo ka Ussuri taiga, kākaʻikahi ka tiger e lele i ka poʻe ʻimi alualu.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka Tiga Tiger?
ʻO ke ola o kahi babr i ke ʻano he 10, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 15 mau makahiki. I nā kūlana kūpono o nā pāka Zoological, hoʻolauleʻa mau nā tigra Amur i ko lākou 20 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. ʻO Lyuty kekahi o nā tigra kahiko loa ʻo Lyur, ka mea i noho no 21 mau makahiki i ka Khabarovsk Utyos Wildlife Rehabilitation Center.
Ua hopu ʻia ʻo Fierce i ka taiga, me ka hōʻeha ʻeha ʻana i nā iwi ʻelua, a ma hope iho ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka tiger me ka osteomyelitis, a ua hōʻoki ʻia kēia hana ma ka makahiki 1999. nā kauka.
ʻAʻole i ʻae ka iwi ʻāʻeha i hoʻi iā Lyuty e hoʻi i ka taiga, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka holoholona nui i kipa ʻia o ke kikowaena hoʻōla, akā ʻo ka meʻe nō hoʻi o nā hōʻike hoihoi.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, ka mea mua, i ke kaupaona: inā he 100-167 kg ke kino o ka wahine Amur tiger, a laila ʻaneʻane pālua ka nui o nā kāne - mai 180 a 306 kg. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma ka makahiki 2005 e nā zoologists mai Lūkia, ʻInia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e pili ana i ka nuipa a, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā tigika Far East i ko lākou mau kūpuna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, kaupaona ke kāne Amiger tiger ma kahi o 215.5 kg, a ʻo ka wahine - ma kahi o 137.5 kg. I kēia lā ke awelika ke kaupaona o nā wahine ʻo 117.9 kg, a ʻo nā kāne he 176.4 kg.
ʻIke ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i ke ola o ke Tiga tiger: noho nā wahine ma lalo o nā kāne. Lawe ʻia ka hope mai ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā keiki, hāʻawi i nā hana a nā mākua i ka makuahine, ka mea e hoʻopōkole ai i kona ola honua.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa ka tiger Amur ma kahi mahele liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia wahi kahi i pale ʻia - ʻo Kina kēia a me ka hema hikina o Lūkia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kapa o Amur / Ussuri ma nā panalāʻau Primorsky a me Khabarovsk.
E like me ka 2003, ua ʻike ʻia ka piʻina ʻoi loa o nā mea konohiki i ke kapuwai o ka Sikhote-Alin (Lazovsky District o ka Primorsky Teritori), kahi i noho ai kēlā me kēia ʻeono taika Amur. Ma ka laulā, ke koho ʻana i nā wahi noho, hoʻāʻo nā tigika e hoʻokokoke aku i kā lākou meaʻai nui (ungulate), a hele aku hoʻi mai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi o ka hau a me ke kū ʻana o nā hale, no ka laʻana, nā lipolo a i ʻole nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele.
Noho pinepine ka Tiga Tiger i nā biotopes e like me:
- nā kuahiwi me nā lāʻau deciduous;
- awawa muliwai mauna;
- paddy me nā ululāʻau Manchu-ʻano, hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻoka a me ka lāʻau kedera;
- na ululaau kedera maemae;
- nahele lua.
Ua haʻalele ʻia ke Tiga Tiger e nā kānaka mai nā ʻāina ʻāina haʻahaʻa e kūpono i ka mahiʻai. I ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, nānā pinepine nā babras i nā kaiāulu o nā kamaʻāina kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, ke kākaʻikahi kā lākou meaʻai maʻamau.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka tiger Ussuri
ʻO ka Amur tiger maʻamau maʻamau o 9-10 kg o kaʻiʻo, a i ʻole 50-70 dia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He paʻakikī loa e kiʻi i kahi helu o nā ungulate, ke noʻonoʻo nei hoʻokahi wale nō o 6-7 hōʻeha i pau i ka laki. ʻO ia ke kumu e huli nui ai ka mea ʻaihue, e ʻai ana i nā mea āpau āpau o ka nui: mai ka hare Manchurian (ka nui o ka lima) a i ka pea Himalayan, ka mea like pinepine i ka nui i ka tiger ponoʻī.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka tiger Amur me nā ungulate (ʻano nui) a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe:
- puaʻa hihiu a me nā dia ʻulaʻula;
- dia palaka;
- ʻeleka a me nā dia roe;
- bea;
- iʻa a me ka crayfish;
- nā rana a me nā koʻokoʻo;
- manu;
- nā hua o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ke kumu waena o ka papa kuhikuhi Babr ʻo ka puaʻa hihiu, ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hua o nā hua paina (ʻaʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ka kedera i ka ʻulu o ka Ussuri taiga).
I ke kahakaha ʻana i kahi mea pio, kolo pinepine ka mea ʻaihue, hoʻomaha i kona mau wāwae hope ma ka honua a hoʻopaʻa i kona kua. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāʻī, a me nā mea nui, ma mua o ka nahu ʻana i ka iwi ʻeha, hoʻopiha mua.
Inā pakele ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, lilo ka hoihoi o ke Tiga iā ia a haʻalele iā ia (ʻaʻohe laha nā hoʻouka pinepine ʻana). Kauō pinepine ʻia ke kupapaʻu i ka wai, e hoʻokuke nei i nā mea hoʻokūkū ma ke ala. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka mea ʻai i kona wā e moe ana i lalo, e paʻa ana me kona mau wāwae a hūnā i kona koena ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana. Ke loaʻa ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi i ka nahele, hele nā tigers i waho o nā wahi noho e haehae i nā holoholona nui a me nā ʻīlio hoʻi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hāpai ka tigress i nā keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2-4 mau makahiki, akā ʻo kāna hoapili, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia e nā pilina male, uhi pinepine i nā wahine, ʻaʻole e nānā i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki. No ka tiger, mākaukau ka mākaukau o ka wahine no ka male ʻana, āna e hoʻomaopopo ai me nā ʻōpala ma ka ʻili a me nā kaha ʻala.
Hoihoi. Ke nānā pono nei ka wahine i ka pae estrus (ma ka lā 3e-7 o ka estrus) no kahi kāne e ʻauana ana i kāna wahi pau ʻole.
ʻO kahi tiger e loaʻa i kahi wahine i nā hoa wela me ia no 5-7 mau lā, a laila haʻalele iā ia, e hele ana e ʻimi i nā hanana aloha hou. Ma hope o 95-112 mau lā, hānau ʻia he 2,4 mau keiki keiki makapō, e hoʻōla nei i ko lākou mau maka ma hope o 9 mau lā a loaʻa nā niho waiū i nā makahiki he ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, hānai ka makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū, a hoʻolauna iki i kaʻiʻo i loko o ka papaʻai, me ka hoʻomaha ʻole i ka hānai ʻana o ka waiū a hiki i ka 5-6 mau mahina.
I ka manawa o 2 mau makahiki, kolo nā keiki mai kā lākou lua no ka manawa mua, a i ka ʻeono mahina hele pū lākou me ko lākou makuahine i ka huli holoholona, kiaʻi a aʻo. Mālama ʻia ka mākaukau no ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kekahi mau mahina, e pau ana me kahi puka kūʻokoʻa i mua o 1 makahiki. Ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki, ua hoʻouka wiwo ʻole nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka pāʻani nui, akā hana pinepine lākou i kēia me ka makuahine, nāna e mālama i nā keiki a hiki i ko lākou hānau hou ʻana. Hana ʻia ʻo Puberty ma Amur tigers e ka makahiki 4-5.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka ikaika maoli a me ka nui kupaianaha, ʻaʻohe o ka ʻenemi Amur nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā mea ʻai holoholona e ʻimi i nā mea onionio no ko lākou ʻili nani, nā mea kūloko a me nā iwi. ʻO Giblets a me nā iwi o ka iwi (i ke ʻano o nā pauka a me nā tincture) i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau Tibet ma ke ʻano he panacea no nā maʻi he nui, mai ka rumatika i ka maʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka tiger Amur i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation, a ʻo ka Red Book o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ke emi wikiwiki nei ka heluna kanaka a hiki i ka 1940, i ka manawa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30-40 Ussuri tigers i koe i ka honua. No ka hoʻohālikelike: inā ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau babrs i ʻeli ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a laila ma 1912 - 60 wale nō.
ʻO ka hōʻemi nui o ka helu a me ka pae e 1940 i wehewehe ʻia e ka mana o nā kumu he nui, e like me:
- ʻaihue ʻana i nā tigika makua;
- ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā artiodactyls hihiu, e pili ana i ka hopu holoholona nui;
- hopu ikaika o nā keiki;
- ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau kokoke i nā muliwai;
- hoʻoilo hau.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa o ka heluna kānaka ma hope o ke kaua. Ma 1958-1959, ma kahi o 100 mau tigika i helu ʻia ma nā Territories o Primorsky a me Khabarovsk, ma 1964 - 120, ma 1968 - 140, ma 1970 - 150, a ma 1978 - aneane 200. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala i ko mākou ʻāina aia ma kahi o 415 a 476 mau tigika Siberia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. I ka makahiki 2005, ua helu hou ʻia nā mea ʻino a ʻike ʻia ka heluna kanaka ma ka hema o ka Hikina Hikina he 423-502 kanaka (97-112 cubs a me 334-417 mākua).
ʻO ke Kumumanaʻo 2010 no ka mālama ʻana o ka Amur Tiger ma Lūkia i kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi e noho ai nā subspecies e ʻaneʻane pau. Mahalo i kēia palapala, ua kū mai nā pāka aupuni "Bikin" a me "Land of the Leopard" ma ka Teritori Primorsky, a me kahi mālama pū ʻo Sredne-Ussuriysky.
No 5 mau makahiki, ʻo ka nui o ka wahi i pale ʻia i ka hapahā o ka nui o ke anika o ka Amur, me ka hoʻonui ʻia (e like me ka 2016) ma mua o 1.5 miliona maueka. Ua hōʻike ka helu kanaka 2015 mai 523 a 540 Ussuri tigers e noho nei i ko mākou Hikina Hikina. ʻEkolu kakini, a 10% paha o ka honua ka nui o nā babrs e noho nei ma Manchuria (Kina).
E hoihoi ia: Tigers
I kēia manawa, nā kumu nui i kaupalena ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi a me ka helu o nā tigika:
- haʻahaʻa lehulehu;
- nā wahi nui o ka ʻohana a me nā hoʻolālā pilikino;
- palena papaha laulā o ka hānai paʻakikī e loaʻa;
- hiki ʻole ke kūlike i ka ʻāina mahi;
- ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka babr mai ka manaʻo o nā mea hōʻola Kina;
- ʻaihue holoholona;
- lawa ʻole nā manawa hānau.
I kēia manawa ke mālama nei nā tigā Amur i kēlā mau wahi o ka taiga Ussuri i hōʻoki ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka moemoeā o ka poʻe hoihoi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka tiger i ka ʻāina o kona pae mōʻaukala: i nā wahi kahi i noho ai, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ka noho ʻana o nā tigika Siberia ma loko o ka Pleistocene Park, kahi e noho nei ma Yakutia. Hoʻolālā nā Zoologists e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue i 750 mau kānaka, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke lele pēlā me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka helu o nā ungulate hihiu.
