ʻO kahi nahesa emerald hanohano me kahi ʻano paʻakikī, ka mea a ka hapanui o nā terrariumist e moeʻuhane ai, he poʻo ʻīlio, a he lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, boa constrictor.
Hōʻike o ka constrictor boa poʻo ʻīlio
ʻO Corallus caninus ka inoa Lākina no nā mea kolo mai ka ʻano o ka boas-bellied boas, kahi lālā o ka ʻohana Boidae. Aia i loko o ka genus hou ʻo Corallus ʻekolu mau hui laha ʻokoʻa, kekahi o ia mau mea me nā boas poʻo poʻo ʻīlio ʻO Corallus caninus a me C. batesii. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka mea mua a hōʻike ʻia i ka honua e Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. Ma hope, ma muli o ke kala ʻana o ke koʻa o nā keiki hānau hou, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano i ka genus Corallus, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "caninus" (ʻīlio), e noʻonoʻo ana i ke ʻano o ke poʻo o ka nahesa a me nā niho lōʻihi.
Helehelena
ʻO ka constrictor boa poʻo ʻīlio, e like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka genus, hāʻawi ʻia me ka nui, pālahalaha iki ʻia, ke kino a me kahi poʻo nui me nā maka pōʻai, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā haumāna i kū i luna.
Mea nui. He ikaika loa ka musculature, i wehewehe ʻia e ke ʻano o ka luku ʻana i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia - hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo boa e kaomi ʻana iā ia i ka pūliki paʻa.
Loaʻa i nā pseudopod a pau nā vestiges o nā lālā hope i ke ʻano o nā māiʻuʻu e kū ana ma nā kaʻe o ka anus, kahi a nā moʻo i kapa ʻia ai ka inoa. Hōʻike pū nā Pseudopods i nā rudiment o nā iwi pelvic ʻekolu / pūhaka a he mau māmā, kahi i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻākau ma mua o ka hema.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua me nā niho ikaika, hoʻi i hope i ulu ma nā iwi palatine a me nā pterygoid. Paʻa ka iwi ā luna, a puka aku kona mau niho nui i mua i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mea pio, a uhi paʻa ʻia me ka hulu.
ʻAʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke poʻo poʻo ʻīlio, aia kekahi poʻe ʻeleʻele a māmā paha, ʻo ka pinepine o ke kala o nā unahi kokoke i ka ʻoliva. I ka nahelehele, lawelawe ke kala i kahi hana camouflage, he mea nui ia i ka hopu holoholona ʻana mai kahi hoʻohālua.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka hope "mauʻu" o ke kino me nā kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, akā ʻaʻole ma kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo paʻa ma ka pali, e like me C. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano pili i ka nui o nā unahi ma ke poʻo (i Corallus caninus nui aku lākou) a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka waha (i C. caninus ʻūlū iki ia).
ʻOi aku ka keʻokeʻo o kekahi nāhesa, ʻo ka hapa ʻole o nā kiko ʻē aʻe (ʻo nā mea maʻamau a pipiʻi paha) a hōʻike i nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa loa i kahi hui o nā kiko pouli a me nā keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi mea constrictor boa poʻo ʻīlio i kala ʻia i nā aka transition mai keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele māmā. He ʻalani-ʻalani a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha nā boas hānau hou.
Ana Snake
ʻAʻole hiki i ka boa lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kaena i kahi nui lua ʻole, ʻoiai e ulu ana ma ka awelika ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 2-2.8 m ka lōʻihi, akā ua lako ʻia me nā niho lōʻihi loa i waena o nā nahesa non-lāʻau make.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka niho boa o ka ʻīlio hae ʻīlio he ʻokoʻa ma waena o 3.8-5 cm, kahi e lawa ai ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i kekahi kanaka.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia i ka nani o nā boas poʻo poʻo ʻīlio i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kā lākou koho ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā manaʻo hōʻino wale (ke mālama nei i nā moʻo i ka terrarium).
ʻO nā mea kolo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i lawe ʻia mai ke kūlohelohe, mai kānalua i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mau niho lōʻihi inā ʻaʻole ʻike ke kanaka pehea e lawe ai i kahi constrictor boa i kona mau lima. Hoʻoikaika ikaika ʻo Boas (me kahi lekiō o ka hoʻouka a i ka 2/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino), hoʻokau i nā ʻehaʻeha, pinepine ʻia i nā ʻeha a me nā ʻalolo ʻino.
Auila
Wahi a ka poʻe herpetologists, paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāhui arboreal hou aʻe ma ka honua - ke kau nei ka boa poʻo ʻīlio a puni ka uaki ma nā lālā i kahi kiʻi e ʻike ʻia (hunts, dines, hoʻomaha, ʻohi i kahi pālua no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hāpai a hānau keiki).
ʻO nā moʻo ka nahesa ma kahi lālā ākea, kau i kona poʻo i waenakonu a kau ʻia i 2 mau apo o ke kino ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻaneʻane me ka hoʻololi ʻole i kona kūlana i ka lā. Kōkua ka huela prehensile e noho ma ka lālā a me ka maneuver wikiwiki i ka lei aliʻi.
ʻO nā boas poʻo poʻo ʻīlio, e like me nā moʻo a pau, ʻaʻohe o ka puka o ka hoʻolohe ʻana o waho a he pepeiao waena i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻokoʻa i nā leo i hoʻolaha ʻia ma o ka ea.
Noho nā boas arboreal ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā waoakua haʻahaʻa, e peʻe ana ma lalo o ke poʻo o nā kumu lāʻau i ke ao a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i ka pō. I kēlā me kēia manawa, iho mai nā mea kolo e bask i ka lā. ʻImi ʻia ka mea pio no ka mahalo i nā maka a me nā thermoreceptors-pits ma luna o ka lehelehe luna. Hoʻouna pū ka elelo forked i nā hōʻailona i ka lolo, a nānā ka nahesa hoʻi i ka lewa a puni.
Ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi terrarium, noho kahi ʻīlio boa poʻo ʻīlio ma luna o nā lālā, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi papa ʻaina ma mua o ke ahiahi. ʻO nā boa olakino, e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, molt 2-3 mau manawa i ka makahiki, a ʻo ka molt mua e pili ana i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Wā ola
ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo maopopo pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi boa poʻo ʻīlio i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, akā i ke pio ʻana he nui nā nahesa e noho nei no kahi manawa lōʻihi - 15 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hiki ke nānā ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻo ka mea mua, i ka nui - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea ma mua o ka hope. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o nā kāne a hāʻawi ʻia me nā māiʻuʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia kokoke i ka anus.
Kahi noho, wahi noho
Aia wale nō ka boa poʻo ʻīlio ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka ʻāina o nā mokuʻāina e like me:
- Wenezuela;
- Brazil (ʻākau hikina);
- Guiana;
- Kuriname;
- Guiana Farani.
ʻO ka nohona maʻamau o Corallus caninus he swampy a me nā ululāʻau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ʻo ka pae mua a me ka lua. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea kolo i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 200 m ma luna o ke kai, akā piʻi aʻe kekahi mau kānaka i luna - a i 1 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻO nā boa poʻo ʻīlio ka mea maʻamau i ka Canaima National Park ma ka hema hikina o Venezuela.
Pono nā boas lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi aniū, no laila noho pinepine lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai nui, e like me ka Amazon, akā ʻaʻole kahi waihona kūmole kahi mea e pono ai no ka piha o nā moʻo. Ua lawa lākou i ka wai, i hāʻule i ke ʻano o ka ua - no hoʻokahi makahiki aia kēia kiʻi ma kahi o 1500 mm.
ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi constrictor boa poʻo ʻīlio
ʻO nā lunamaka o nā laha, ka hapanui o nā kāne, makemake lākou e alualu wale, a ʻike lākou i ke ala e hiki ai i nā hoalauna, ʻo nā kāne hoʻi, me ka huhū loa.
ʻAiʻai kūlohelohe
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumuwaiwai e hōʻike nei ua hānai wale ʻia ka boa poʻo ʻīlio ma luna o nā manu e lele hewa ʻole kokoke i kona mau niho lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o ka herpetologists maopopo leʻa i nā hopena e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pō no nā manu i nele i ka ʻike ʻepekema, ʻoiai ke koena o nā mea momona, ʻaʻole nā manu, ʻike mau ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā boas i luku ʻia.
ʻO nā mea kūlohelohe maka mamao loa e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā makemake gastronomic ākea o Corallus caninus, nāna e hoʻouka i nā holoholona like ʻole:
- kiwi;
- nā posum;
- manu (passerines and parrots);
- nā moʻo liʻiliʻi;
- nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa;
- nā moʻo;
- nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi. Noho ʻo kahi boa constrictor i kahi hoʻohālua, e kau ana ma ka lālā, a holo wikiwiki i lalo, e ʻike ana i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia no ka ʻohi ʻana mai ka honua. Mālama ka nahesa i ka mea pio me kona mau niho loloa a ʻami me kona kino ikaika.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noho ʻana o nā ʻōpio ma mua o ko lākou mau ʻelemakule, loaʻa paha iā lākou nā rana a me nā moʻo.
ʻAiʻai i ka pio
ʻO nā boas poʻo poʻo ʻīlio he capricious loa i ka mālama ʻana a no laila ʻaʻole koi ʻia no nā mea hoʻomaka: ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻole pinepine nā moʻo i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻoili ʻia ai i ka hānai hānai. ʻO ka helu o ka digestion o nā mea kolo, e like me nā holoholona endothermic, hoʻoholo ʻia e ko lākou wahi noho, a ʻo Corallus caninus i loaʻa i nā wahi anuanu, ʻeli lākou i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka nui o nā moʻo. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka ʻai ʻana o ka boa lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka wā kūpono ma waena o ka hānai ʻana i kahi constrictor boa makua he 3 mau pule, ʻoiai e hānai ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia 10-14 mau lā. I ke anawaena, ʻaʻole pono ke kino make e ʻoi aku i ka mānoanoa o ka boa constrictor, ʻoiai e luaʻi paha inā he mea nui ka mea ʻai. ʻO ka hapanui o nā boas poʻo ʻīlio e maʻa maʻalahi i ka lawe pio ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo, e hānai ana iā lākou no ke koena o ko lākou ola.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO Ovoviviparity - pēlā e ulu ai nā boas poʻo ʻīlio, ʻokoʻa i nā pythons, e waiho ana a hoʻokomo i nā hua. Hoʻomaka nā kolo i ka hana kope ʻana i kā lākou ʻano iho ma mua o ka hopena: nā kāne - ma 3-4 mau makahiki, nā wahine - ke hiki i 4-5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kau moʻo e mau ana mai Kēkēmapa a Malaki, a pili pono ka pilina a me ka moekolohe ma nā lālā. I kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ʻai nā boas, a kokoke i ka wahine i mākaukau no ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, huikau kekahi mau hoa i hoʻokahi manawa, e lanakila ana i ka pono i kona puʻuwai.
Hoihoi. Aia ke kaua i ke ʻano o ka pāʻālua a me nā nahu, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ka mea lanakila e hoʻohauʻoli i ka wahine ma ka ʻānai ʻana i kona kino iā ia a ʻānai i nā lālā o ka hope (rudimentary) me nā māiʻuʻu.
Hōʻole kahi wahine momona i ka meaʻai a hiki i ke ʻano o nā keiki: ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nā pule ʻelua mua ma hope o ka hapai ʻana. ʻAʻole pili pono nā embryo i ka metabolism o ka makuahine i loko o kāna ʻōpū, ke loaʻa nei nā meaʻai mai nā hua manu. Puka mai nā ʻōpala mai nā hua manu ʻoiai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, a hānau ʻia ma lalo o kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi, kokoke e haki koke iā ia.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā keiki hānau hou e ka umbilical cord i ka ʻeke yolk hakahaka a haki i kēia pilina no ma kahi o 2-5 mau lā. Hana ʻia ka hānau keiki i 240-260 mau lā. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hānau i 5 a 20 cubs (ma ka awelika, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma kahi o ke kakini), ke kaumaha nei kēlā me kēia me 20-50 g a ulu aʻe a i ka 0.4-0.5 m.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā "pēpē" i pena ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula carmine, akā aia kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa - brown, lemon melemele a me fawn (me nā kiko keʻokeʻo catchy ma ka pali).
I nā terrarium, hiki i nā boas ke poʻo ʻīlio ke hoʻopili ʻia mai 2 mau makahiki, akā hānau ʻia nā keiki ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe mai nā poʻe kahiko. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka hana hou ʻana e ka emi ʻana o ka mahana o ka pō i + 22 kekelē (me ka hoʻēmi ʻole ʻana i ka mahana o ke ao), a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoa pili ʻokoʻa.
E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hānau ʻana ponoʻī e hoʻopilikia i ka nui: nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻole ʻia, nā embryo i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia a me nā mea fecal i loko o ka terrarium, kahi e hemo ai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hiki i nā holoholona like ʻole ke kūpale me kahi boa poʻo ʻīlio makua, a ʻaʻole pono nā mea kino.
- puaʻa ʻāhiu;
- jaguars;
- manu ʻaihue;
- ʻōpala;
- poʻe caimans.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe hou aʻe i nā keiki hānau hou a ulu nā puaʻa, nānā i nā moʻo, nā hedgehogs, mongooses, nā ʻīlio hae, nā coyote a me nā kites.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
E like me ka 2019, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka boa constrictor boa poʻo ʻīlio ma ke ʻano he Least Threatened (LC) ʻano. ʻAʻole i ʻike ka IUCN i kahi hoʻoweliweli koke i ka noho ʻana o Corallus caninus i ka hapa nui o kona pae, e ʻae nei aia hoʻokahi mea hopohopo - nā holoholona boas no ke kūʻai aku. Eia hou, ke hui ʻana i nā boas lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, pepehi pinepine ʻia lākou e nā kamaʻāina kūloko.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Corallus caninus ma ka Appendix II o CITES, a he mau ʻāpana kekahi o nā ʻāina no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā nahesa, no ka laʻana, ma Suriname, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma kahi o 900 mau kānaka (2015 data).
ʻIke nō, he nui nā nāhesa i lawe hewa ʻia aku mai Suriname ma mua o ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia e ka quota hoʻolilo, a, e like me IUCN, pili maikaʻi ʻole i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka (ma kahi o ka pae ʻāina. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike maka ʻana ma Suriname a me Brazil Guiana i kēia ʻano mea kolo he ʻano laha ʻole a hūnā akamai paha mai nā mea nānā aku, a paʻakikī i ka helu ʻana i ka heluna lehulehu o ka honua.
