ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia manu ma ka moʻolelo kaʻao Lūkini "The Crane and Heron" wale nō. Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ma luna o nā canvases a me nā mele o nā haku ʻEulopa, a ma ka Celestial Heron me kahi pua lotus e hōʻike mau ana i ka pōmaikaʻi.
Ka wehewehe herona
ʻO ka genus Ardea (egrets) kahi lālā o ka ʻohana heron mai ke ʻaha o nā stiger a hui pū i nā manu wāwae wāwae nui mai ka hapalua mika a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻAʻole pili nā Crane a me nā flamingo i kā lākou ʻohana, akā pili loa nā ʻawaʻawa a me nā hona i nā herona, a ʻoi aku ka mamao o ke kikā.
I ka Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, ua kapa ʻia ka manu ʻo "chepura" a me "chapley" (mai ka huaʻōlelo "chapat" - e hopu a hele wāwae paha, e pili ana i ka honua), i wehewehe ʻia e kāna ala hele wāwae, a me ke ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona. Mālama ʻia ke kani kumu ma nā ʻōlelo Slavic āpau - chapla (Ukrainian), chapla (Bulgarian), chapa (Serbian), czapla (Polani), caplja (Slovak) a pēlā aku.
Helehelena
ʻO kēia nā manu ikaika me nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia - he ʻāʻī elongated, kahi nuku kiki lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe lālā hulu lōʻihi me nā manamana lima paʻa a me kahi huelo pōkole ʻoi. Hoʻonani ʻia kekahi mau ʻano me nā pūʻulu hulu i kau ʻia ma ke kua o ke poʻo a alo i hope.
ʻIke ʻokoʻa ka herons i ka nui, no ka laʻana, ulu ka goliath heron (ka mea hoʻohiwahiwa nui loa o ka genus) a hiki i 1.55 m me ke kaumaha o 7 kg a me kahi ʻēheu o 2.3 a m. ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e hōʻike ana i nā palena ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa - ka piʻi ʻana a i ka 0.6 m a me ke kaumaha o 1 -2.5 kg.
ʻAʻohe o Herons gland gland (nona ka moa wai momona e hoʻoheheʻe i kā lākou plumage, e pale ana i ka pulu), no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke luʻu a ʻauʻau paha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka herons ka pauka iā lākou iho me ke kōkua o nā pauka, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka pauka mai nā unahi i hana ʻia i ka wā e haki mau ʻia ai nā hulu ma ka umauma, ʻōpū a me ke aʻa. Pale kēia pauka i nā hulu mai ka pili pū ʻana, ʻoiai ka mucus iʻa e kahe mau ana i lalo i ke kino. Hoʻopili ka manu i ka pauka ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi manamana waena me kahi māiʻuʻu lōʻihi, serrated.
He mau wāwae ʻeleʻele ko ka herona, kahi nuku melemele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, a e hoʻopili ana i nā hulu laumania, ʻike ʻia e ke kala e pili ana i nā ʻano. ʻO kēia ka nui o nā leo monochrome - keʻokeʻo, hina, brown, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea like Bicolor.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hoʻokumu pinepine nā herona i nā kolone, a ʻaʻole wale mai nā ʻelele o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī - ko lākou mau hoanoho he mau herona o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, cormorants, glissy ibis, ibises a me nā spoonbills. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻoheheʻe nā kolone heron i nā manu manu lele e like me:
- peregrine falcon;
- leʻaleʻa;
- kestrel;
- pueo pepeiao loloa;
- ʻaeto ʻaeto;
- ʻelele;
- manu koraka hina.
Ma nā kahakai o nā waihona wai liʻiliʻi, hoʻopuehu nā manu a pūnana i kahi mamao mamao aku mai kēlā me kēia. ʻIke ʻia nā kolone nui (a i 1000 mau pūnana) i nā wahi mahi ʻai nui, akā ʻaʻohe nui o ka lehulehu: ʻaʻole ʻākoakoa nā herona i nā ʻohana hipa nui, makemake e mālama i kahi mamao.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā manu i nā pūʻulu kūpaʻa ʻole o 15-100 mau kānaka, a pale ka goliath heron i kahi kaiāulu, noho mamao loa mai nā poʻe, nā hoahānau a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Ke ʻimi nei nā manu i ka meaʻai i ke ao, i ka pō a i ka pō hoʻi, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe āpau i ka hopu ʻana i ka pōʻeleʻele: nui ka poʻe ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā e hoʻāʻo e hui pū me ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana e noho i ka pō i kahi hui. ʻO nā herona e noho ana i nā latitude mahana ua manaʻo ʻia he neʻe wale, a ʻo ka poʻe i noho ma nā wahi tropical e noho ana. Hele nā herona o ʻAmelika Hema i ʻAmelika Waena / ʻAmelika Hema no ka hoʻoilo, a lele aku nā herona "Eurasia" i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ʻApelika a me ʻAsia Hema.
Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ka kauwela i Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa a hoʻi i Malaki - Mei. Lele ʻo Herona i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, hui pū i kekahi manawa i nā holoholona he 200-250 manu, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole huakaʻi wale. Lele ka ʻohana, me ka nānā ʻole i ka manawa o ke ao, lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe: i ka hāʻule, pinepine pinepine ma hope o ka napoo ʻana o ka lā, e ku ana i kahi kakahiaka nui.
Lele
He ʻano pilikino ko ka herona, i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā manu wai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā stiger, nā manuʻoki, a me nā spoonbills - ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka lohi o ka lele ʻana, a ʻo ka silhouette me kahi ʻōhū (ma muli o ke pelu o ka ʻāʻī) ke nānā aku nei ka protrusion.
ʻO ka hemo ʻana i ka heron e hana i ka lele ākea o kona mau ʻeheu, e hemo koke mai ka honua a hoʻololi i kahi lele lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe kūpono. Pelu ka manu i kona ʻāʻī i kahi ʻano S, e hoʻokokoke ana i kona poʻo i kona kua a hoʻolōʻihi i kona mau wāwae i hope, kokoke like me ke kino.
ʻAʻole e nalowale nā neʻe o nā ʻeheu i kā lākou hana maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine o lākou ke kiʻi ka heron i ka wikiwiki (a 50 km / h), ka mahuka ʻana mai nā ʻenemi. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā manu lele i kahi kāka a laina paha, i kekahi manawa ke kau nei. Hāʻawi pinepine ka herona i ka leo i ka lele.
Hoailona
Ma waho o nā kolone, ʻaʻohe hiki i nā herons "kamaʻilio", makemake e kamaʻilio kokoke i kā lākou pūnaewele pūnana, ma loko o nā kauhale kolone. ʻO ke kani maʻamau e ʻike maʻalahi ai ka poʻe loea i kahi herona kahi wili palaoa ʻana, e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kahi ʻūlū haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia kani leo nui a mamao loa a kahi heron lele e hana ai. I ka wā o ke hoʻokokoke ʻana, lohe pū ʻia kahi walaʻau wili ʻana me nā mea hou.
Mea nui. Hoʻomaopopo ka gutgural gaggle i nā lāhui i ke ala o ka weliweli, a ʻo ka uē o ka ʻāʻī (me nā memo haʻalulu) e ka heron e hoʻoweliweli, e hōʻike ana i kāna mau manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO nā kāne, e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ko lākou alo, ʻūlū pōkole a puʻupuʻu hoʻi. Ke aloha aku kekahi i kekahi, pīpī koke nā manu i ko lākou nuku. Lohe mau ʻia ʻo Croaking a me croaking mai kā lākou kolone pūnana, akā kamaʻilio ʻole nā herona ma o nā kani wale nō, akā ma o nā hōʻailona ʻike pū kekahi, kahi e pili pinepine ai ka ʻāʻī. No laila, kōkua pinepine ʻia kahi uē hoʻoweliweli e kahi kūlana kūpono, ke kūlou ka manu i kona ʻāʻī a puʻupuʻu i ka pulu ma luna o kona poʻo, me he mea lā e hoʻomākaukau ana e hoʻolei.
Ehia mau herona e ola nei
Manaʻo nā Ornithologists hiki i kekahi mau kānaka o ka genus Ardea ke ola a 23 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ka awelika o ke ola o nā herona ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 10-15 mau makahiki. ʻO nā herona āpau (e like me ka nui o nā manu hihiu) nāwaliwali loa mai ka manawa o ka hānau a 1 makahiki, ke make a 69% o nā manu ʻōpio.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, koe wale no ka nui o nā ʻona - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea mua ma mua o ka hope. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kāne o kekahi ʻano (e laʻa me ka heron uliuli nui) he mau ʻāpana hulu ʻeleʻele ma ko lākou kua.
ʻAno ʻaka
ʻO ka genus Ardea, e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēia au, komo pū kekahi mau ʻano he kakini:
- Ardea alba - egret nui
- Ardea herodias - heron uliuli maikaʻi loa
- ʻO Ardea goliath - heron nunui
- Ardea intermedia - heron keʻokeʻo waena
- Ardea cinerea - hina heron
- ʻO Ardea pacifica - heʻe ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo
- ʻO Ardea cocoi - heron ʻAmelika Hema
- Ardea melanocephala - ʻona ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele;
- ʻO Ardea insignis - heʻe
- Ardea humbloti - Madagascar heron;
- Ardea purpurea - ʻalaniʻula
- Ardea sumatrana - Mele heron hina.
Nānā. I kekahi manawa ua kuhi hewa ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻo Ardea i ka heron i hoʻoulu ʻia melemele (Egretta eulophotes) a me nā moʻo mopie (Egretta picata), e like me ka ʻike ʻia mai kā lākou mau inoa Lākina, no ka genus ʻokoʻa Egretta (egrets).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ʻo Herons ma ʻaneʻane o nā ʻāina āpau, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica a me nā wahi kaapuni o ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau. Noho wale nā manu ma nā ʻāina ʻAinapuniʻole wale nō, akā, ma nā pae ʻāina kai hoʻi (e laʻa me Galapagos).
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia laha kona ʻano ponoʻī, hāiki a ākea paha, akā i kekahi manawa ua kau ka noho. No laila, loaʻa ka ʻaeto nui ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, ua hoʻopiha ka hona hina (ʻike nui ʻia e nā kamaʻāina Lūkia) i ka hapa nui o Eurasia a me ʻApelika, a noho wale ka Madagascar heron ma Madagascar a me nā mokupuni pili. Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole wale ke hina, akā ʻo nā pūnana ʻulaʻula hoʻi.
Akā ʻo kēlā me kēia moku ʻona e koho ai, nakinaki ʻia lākou i nā wai kūlohelohe o ka wai me nā wahi pāpaʻu - nā kahawai (delta a me nā kahawai), nā kūpā (me nā mangrove), nā lau nahele, nā loko a me nā wahi ʻohe. Hōʻalo pinepine ʻia nā herona ma nā kahakai a me nā wahi kai kokoke i nā wai hohonu.
Meaʻai herona
ʻO kahi ala punahele o ka alualu ʻana i ka mea pio ke nānā aku iā ia ke hele nei i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, i kahakaha ʻia me nā kū kaʻi kuʻikahi. I kēia mau manawa, hele aku ka herona i loko o ke kolamu wai e ʻike a hopu i ke gape o nā holoholona. I kekahi manawa ua kūpī ka herona no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole kēia ke kali wale nei, akā e hoʻowalewale ana i ka mea i loaʻa. Neʻe ka manu i kona manamana wāwae (ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā wāwae) a ʻau kokoke ka iʻa, kuhi hewa iā lākou no nā ilo. Hou ka iʻa i ka iʻa me kona nuku a moni iā ia a pau, ua hoʻolei mua ʻia i luna.
Alualu pinepine ka ʻona i ka pāʻani, kū i luna o nā lālā o nā lāʻau haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka papaʻai herons pū me nā holoholona mehana koko a me nā holoholona anuanu:
- iʻa a iʻa pūhoho;
- toads a me nā rana;
- crustacean a me nā kolo;
- nā newts a me nā tadpoles;
- nahesa a me na moo;
- nā moa a me nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- nā mole a me nā lāpaki.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o ka heron nunui he mau iʻa like ʻole e kaupaona ana a hiki i 3.5 kg, nā koʻokoʻo e kaupaona ana a hiki i 1 kg, amphibians (me ka frog burrowing Africa) a me nā mea kolo e like me ka moʻo monitor a ... ka mamba.
Komo ka herona ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele (ʻokoʻa i ka herona hina a ʻulaʻula) i loko o ka wai me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka makemake ʻole, e makemake e kiaʻi i ka mea pio ma ka ʻāina, e kū ana he mau hola ma kahi hoʻokahi. ʻO ia ke kumu e kiʻi ʻole ai nā rana a me nā iʻa wale nō, akā, ʻo nā manu a me nā māmele liʻiliʻi e kau i ka papaʻaina o ka ʻāʻī ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele.
Huli wale ka herona keʻokeʻo nui a i ʻole me ka hui pū ʻana me nā hoa, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā ia mai ka hakakā me lākou, ʻoiai me ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā wahi e pili ana. Mai kānalua nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui i ka lawe ʻana i nā trophies mai nā herons liʻiliʻi a hakakā no ka hopu pio me nā hoa ʻohana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He monogamous ka herona i ka wā o ka moena, kahi hana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, akā ua haki ka mau. Hoʻomaka ka manu mai nā latitude temperate i ka hana maʻamau i ʻApelila - Mei, e hōʻailona ana i ko lākou mākaukau no ka male ʻana e ke kala i hoʻololi ʻia o ka nuku a me ka ʻili kokoke i nā maka. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka ʻaeto nui, loaʻa nā ʻaeto no ke kau moʻo - nā hulu openwork lōʻihi e ulu ana ma ke kua.
Mālama i ka wahine, hōʻike ke kāne i ka piko a me nā ʻaeto, nā ʻūlū a me nā pops me kona nuku. ʻAʻole pono kahi wahine hoihoi e hoʻokokoke i ke keonimana, i ʻole e makaʻu ʻo ia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hāʻawi ke kāne i nā makemake i ka wahine mare ahonui loa. I ka hui ʻana, kūkulu pū lāua i ka pūnana, akā ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kuleana - lawe mai ke kāne i nā mea no ke kūkulu ʻana, a kūkulu ka wahine i ka pūnana.
Mea nui. Hoʻomoʻa ka ʻona i nā kumulāʻau a i nā moena ʻohe paʻa paha. Inā kū ka pūnana i loko o kahi kolone huikau (ma kahi o nā manu ʻē aʻe), hoʻāʻo nā herona e kūkulu i ko lākou mau pūnana ma mua o ko lākou mau hoalauna.
ʻO kahi pūnana heron maʻamau e like me ka puʻu wehe o nā lālā a i 0.6 m ke kiʻekiʻe a me 1 m ke anawaena. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i 2-7 mau hua (ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula a keʻokeʻo paha), hoʻomaka koke ka wahine e hoʻoulu iā lākou. Lōʻihi ka manawa incubation i nā lā 28-33: noho ʻelua nā mākua ma ka paʻa i ka paʻa. ʻO nā keiki hānai akā ʻike maka ʻia i nā manawa ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu e ulu wikiwiki ai nā mea kahiko ma mua o nā mea hope loa. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope, ulu aʻe kahi fluff sloppy laha ʻole i ko lākou mau kino.
Hānai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki i ka iʻa, regurgitating ia mai ka goiter, akā lilo ia i mea haʻaheo loa: ʻaʻole ia he mea e pīhoihoi ai mai kahi keiki nui a kahi kūlana makua he kāne wale nō, a i kekahi manawa he keiki hoʻokahi, e ola. ʻAʻole make wale nā chicks ma muli o ke olakino, akā no ka ʻeha hoʻi i kūlike ʻole me ke ola, ke hele lākou e holoholo ma nā lālā, e paʻa ana me ko lākou ʻāʻī i nā kakā ma ke ala a hāʻule paha i ka honua. Ma hope o 55 mau lā, kū ka ʻōpio ma ka ʻeheu, a laila hui lākou i ka hui ʻohana like me ko lākou mau mākua. E momona ʻo Herona ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ko lākou nui, he palena palena ko nā ʻenemi hiki ke hoʻouka iā lākou mai ka lewa. Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā moʻo makua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, e nā pueo nui, nā ʻalalā, a me kekahi mau ʻaeto. Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi ʻo Crocodiles, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēlā mau wahi kahi e noho pū ai me nā herona. ʻO nā hua o ka herona, ka mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka martens, nā felines hihiu, a me nā ʻalalā a me nā manu koraka e luku ana i nā pūnana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o nā laha
Ua hoʻopau make aloha ʻole ʻia nā herona no nā hulu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i nā pāpale: 1.5-2 miliona mau manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa. Eia nō naʻe, ua ola hou ka heluna kanaka o ka genus Ardea, koe wale no 2 mau ʻano i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2019 (e like me IUCN) aia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make.
ia Madagascar Heron, nona nā holoholona i 'oi aku ma mua o 1 tausani mau kānaka, a ʻeleʻelo keʻokeʻo, nona nā manu ʻelemakule 50-249 (a i ʻole 75–374, e noʻonoʻo nei i nā ʻōpio).
Ke emi nei nā lāhui o kēia ʻano ma muli o nā kumu anthropogenic:
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā wahi wai;
- hōʻiliʻili a me ka hōʻiliʻili hua manu;
- ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pani a me nā alanui;
- Puhi nahele.
Pono e pale ʻia nā herona - ʻai lākou i nā iʻa maʻi, nā koʻokoʻo ʻino a me nā kolo.
