ʻO ka iʻa hau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka iʻa keʻokeʻo pike a me ka pike keʻokeʻo koko keʻokeʻo (Champsocephalus gunnari), he kai i noho i ka ʻohana i kapa ʻia he iʻa koko Keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa ʻo "ice" a i ʻole "iʻa hau" ma ke ʻano he inoa hui no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, a me kona mau lunamakaʻāinana pākahi, e like me ka iʻa a me ka iʻa kohola.
Hōʻike o ka iʻa hau
ʻOiai e nā koholā Norewai i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua hoʻolaha ikaika ʻia nā moʻolelo i ka mamao loa o Antarctic, kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo South Georgia, ma ke komohana hema o ʻAkelanika ʻAtika, aia kekahi iʻa ʻano ʻē me ke koko kala ʻole. Mahalo ia i kēia hiʻohiʻona i kapa ʻia kēia mau kamaʻāina aquatic maʻamau he "koko ʻole" a me "ka hau".
Hoihoi ia! I kēia lā, i kūlike me kahi ʻōnaehana o kēia au, ua hoʻokahe ʻia ke koko keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole nā iʻa hau, i ke ʻoka Perchiformes, kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā kamaʻāina wai e nā kūpuna he ʻumikūmākahi, a me ʻumikūmāono mau ʻano.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ala koke kahi mea pohihihi o ke kūlohelohe i ka hoihoi o nā ʻepekema kānalua he nui, no laila, hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi ʻepekema e pili ana i ka iʻa ma waena wale nō o ke kenekulia i hala. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻepekema (taxonomy) ka mea i mālama ʻia e ka zologist o Suetena ʻo Einar Lenberg.
ʻIke, nā ana
He iʻa nui ʻo Ice... I ka heluna kanaka mai South Georgia, hiki pinepine nā mākua o nā laha i kahi lōʻihi o 65-66 cm, me ka awelika o ke kaupaona o 1.0-1.2 kg. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka palena ʻāina o South Georgia he 69.5 cm, me ka nui o ke kaupaona o 3.2 kg. ʻO ka wahi kokoke i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Kerguelen ʻike ʻia e ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 45 cm.
ʻO ka fin dorsal mua he 7-10 mau kukuna ʻōniʻoniʻo maʻalahi, ʻoiai ka lua o ka fin fin 35-51 mau kukuna i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Loaʻa i ka fin anal o ka iʻa i nā kukuna i hōʻike ʻia ʻo 35-40. ʻO ka peculiarity o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa mua o ka archial archial ka loaʻa ʻana o 11-20 stamens branchial, ʻoiai ka nui o nā vertebrae he 58-64 ʻāpana.
He kino pōkole a wīwī ko ka iʻa hau. ʻO ke kuamoʻo rostral kokoke i ka piko o ka ihu. ʻO ka ʻāpana luna o ka iwi ā lalo ma ka laina kū hoʻokahi me ka piko o ka iwi ā luna. ʻOi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻo nui ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka ihu. Nui ka waha o ka iʻa, me ka lihi hope o ka iwi ā luna a hiki i ka hapakolu o ka ʻaoʻao orbital. Nui ka maka o nā iʻa, a ākea ka laulā o ka waena.
Kūlike ʻole nā kihi o ka iwi lae ma luna o nā maka, me ka ʻole o ke crenulation, ʻaʻole i hāpai iki ʻia. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻaoʻao dorsal ʻelua, e pili ana i nā kumu a i hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia ʻia e kahi wahi interdorsal liʻiliʻi loa. Ma ke kino o kahi mea noho wai kahi paʻa o nā laina ʻaoʻao (medial a me dorsal), me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana iwi. ʻO nā wili ma ka ʻōpū he lōʻihi kaulike, a ʻaʻole hiki nā kukuna waena nui loa i ke kumu o ka fin anal. ʻO ka fin caudal kahi ʻano notched.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā lau o ka caudal, anal, a me nā dorsal o nā lālā mākua o ka laha ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha i ke kala, a ʻo nā ʻōpio ke ʻano me nā ʻili māmā.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu laulā o ke kino o ka iʻa hau e hōʻike ʻia e kahi kala hina hina kālā. I kahi o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū o ke kino o ka mea noho wai, aia kahi waiho keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hope a me ke poʻo o nā iʻa pale anuanu ke ʻano ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻIke ʻia nā kaha kū i ka pouli kū i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, a kū i waho nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻehā.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻIke ʻia ka Icefish i nā waihona kūlohelohe ma ka hohonu o 650-800 m. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona maopopo o ke ʻano biochemical o ke koko, me ka nui nui o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula a me hemoglobin i ke kahe o ke koko, ʻoluʻolu nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ka mahana o ka wai o 0оы a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nohona a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻohe iʻa iʻa iʻa me kahi ʻono iʻa kikoʻī ʻole, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo o ia iʻa he ʻono, palupalu a ʻono loa i kona ʻono.
ʻO ka hana nui i ke kaʻina hanu ʻana ʻaʻole hoʻokani ʻia e nā gills, akā na ka ʻili o nā ʻami a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa... Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nui o ka pūnaewele capillary o kēlā iʻa ma kahi o ʻekolu mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻenekini hanu. ʻO kahi laʻana, he kikowaena capillary lahilahi kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke keʻokeʻo Kerguelen, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 45 mm no kēlā me kēia millimeter square o ka ʻili.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi iʻa hau
Hoʻololi kūpono ʻia nā iʻa hau i kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻo ka puʻuwai o kahi mea noho wai e kū liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻelele o nā laha e pili ana i ka mahele o ka intersmittent circum-Antartic Hoʻopili ʻia ka laulā a me nā wahi noho i nā mokupuni, aia ma loko o ka palena o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Antarctic Convergence. Ma Antarctica Komohana, ʻike ʻia nā iʻa hau ma kahi o Shag Rocks, South Georgia Island, ka South Sandwich a me Orkney Islands, a me nā moku ʻo Shetland South.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kai hohonu anuanu, hoʻonui ka icefish i ke kahe o ke koko, i hōʻoia ʻia e ka nui o ka puʻuwai a me nā hana ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēia mea kūloko.
Kaulana nā lehulehu Icefish ma kahi kokoke i ka Bouvet Island a kokoke i ka palena ʻākau o ka Antarctic Peninsula. No East Antarctica, kaupalena ʻia ka laulā o nā ʻelele o nā laha i nā kapa a me nā mokupuni o ka pali kahawai ʻo Kerguelen, e like me ka mokupuni ʻo Khones o Kerguelen, nā kapakai Shchuchya, Yuzhnaya a me Skif, a me nā panalāʻau o nā moku ʻo McDonald a me Heard.
ʻAiʻai Icefish
He ʻaihue maʻamau ka Icefish. ʻO nā poʻe wai wai anuanu paʻakikī e makemake e hānai i ke ola kai lalo. ʻO ka mea pio maʻamau no ia mau lunamaka o ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka Ray, ke ʻoka ʻo Perchiformes a me ka ʻohana iʻa iʻa keokeo he heʻe, krill a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Ma muli o ka mea o ka meaʻai nui o ka iʻa hau he krill, ʻo ka ʻono momona a palupalu hoʻi o kahi mea noho wai e hoʻomanaʻo hou nei i nā prawns mōʻī i kāna ʻono.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He holoholona dioecious ka iʻa. Hoʻokumu nā wahine i nā hua - nā hua e hoʻomohala i loko o nā ovaries. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi membrane translucent a lahilahi, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka momona a me ka maʻalahi o ka momona. Ke neʻe nei i ka oviduct, puka nā hua i loko o ka puka kūwaho ma kahi kokoke i ka anus.
Hoʻokumu nā kāne i ka sperm. Aia lākou i loko o nā hōʻike pālua i kapa ʻia ʻo ka waiū a hōʻike i kahi ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana i ke ʻano o nā tubule e kahe ana i loko o ke kaʻi excretory. Aia i loko o nā vas deferens kahi ʻāpana ākea ākea, i hōʻike ʻia e ka vesicle seminal. ʻO ka excretion o ka wai seminal e nā kāne, a me ka hānau ʻana e nā wahine, i ka manawa like.
Ua mākaukau nā Extremophiles, i hui pū me nā ʻelele o ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka iʻa Percoid, a me ka ʻohana iʻa keokeo keokeo, no ke kaʻina hana hou ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki. I ka wā o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o ka wā kauwela, hatch nā wahine mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a i kanakolu tausani hua manu. Hānai hānai wale nā keiki hānau hou ma plankton, akā ulu a ulu a lohi lākou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma lalo o nā unahi o kahi iʻa Antarctic ʻoi loa, aia kekahi mea kūikawā i pale i ke kino mai ka hau i nā wai hohonu anuanu.... Ma kahi hohonu hohonu, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻenemi o nā ʻelele o nā iʻa Icefish, a ʻo ka hana wale nō, ʻaneʻane makahiki holoʻokoʻa ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā hana kalepa hiki ke lawe i kahi makaʻu kūikawā i ka huina lehulehu.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻO ka hau kekahi o nā iʻa kālepa waiwai. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o kēlā iʻa mākeke hiki ke loli ma waena o 100-1000 gram, me ka lōʻihi o 25-35 cm. Loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo Icefish kahi waiwai nui o nā mea waiwai, e like me ka potassium, phosphorus, fluorine a me nā microelement ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ke kino o ke kanaka.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, no ka ʻono o kona kiʻekiʻe, a ma muli o ka mamao loa a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka wahi o ka hana nui, ʻo ka iʻa hau i kēia lā no ka mahele kumukūʻai nui. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa o ka wā Soviet, no ia mau huahana iʻa, me pollock a me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, wale nō i ka mahele kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka iʻa hau paʻa anuanu he lahilahi, palupalu, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (2-8 g momona o 100 g o ke kaupaona) a me nā calorie haʻahaʻa (80-140 kcal ma 100 g) ʻai. ʻO ka ʻikepili protein i loaʻa ma kahi o 16-17%. Hoʻomoʻa ʻole ka ʻiʻo. ʻAʻohe iwi iwi o ka hau, ʻaʻole iwi iwi liʻiliʻi, he palapū a palaka a ʻai pono paha ia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka noho ʻana o nā bloodworm keʻokeʻo i nā wahi maʻemaʻe o ke kaola o ko mākou honua, no laila ke ʻano o kā lākou ʻiʻo waiwai e ka nele loa o nā mea ʻino.
Ke kuke ʻana, koi ʻia e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā ʻano kuke akahai loa, e laʻa me ka paila a me ka kuke ʻana i ka mahu. Hoʻomākaukau pinepine ka poʻe connoisseurs o kēlā ʻano ʻiʻo i nā aspic ʻono a olakino hoʻi mai ka iʻa hau, a ma Iapana, nā mea i hana ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo o kēia mea noho wai i loko o kona ʻano maka i makemake nui ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ua hopu ʻia nā ʻelele o ka iʻa Ray-finned, ke kauoha ʻo Perchiformes a me ka ʻohana iʻa iʻa keokeo e nā trawl waena hou e kokoke ana i ka South Orkney a me Shetland Islands, South Georgia a me Kerguelen. ʻO ka nui o nā iʻa hohonu kūpaʻa anuanu i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kēia mau wahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o 1.0-4.5 tausani tona. Ma nā ʻāina ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua kapa ʻia ka iʻa, he iʻa hau, a ma nā ʻāina ʻōlelo Paniolo, ua kapa ʻia ʻo pez hielo.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- ʻO ka iʻa Coho
- Iʻa iʻa iʻa
- Iʻa Halibut
- Paʻu iʻa
Ma ka panalāʻau o Palani, ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano waiwai ka inoa aloha loa poisson des glaces antarctique, i unuhi ʻia i loko o Lūkia ma ke ʻano he "iʻa o ka hau Antarctic". ʻAʻole hopu nā lawaiʻa Lūkini i kēia lā i "ka hau", a ʻo nā iʻa i lawe wale ʻia mai, i hopu ʻia e nā moku e pili ana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e pau i ka helu o ka mākeke kūloko. Wahi a ka hapa nui o nā kumuwaiwai ʻepekema, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā ʻano mea kūʻai waiwai e noho ana i ka ʻāina Antarctic me ka luku loa ʻia.
