ʻO ka walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) kahi māmela kai, ʻo ia wale nō nā lāhui e pili ana i ka ʻohana walrus (Odobenidae) a me ka hui Pinnipedia. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia nā walrus makua e kā lākou nui a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, a ma nā ʻano o ka nui ma waena o nā pinnipeds, ʻo ia holoholona ka lua o nā sila ʻelepani.
Ka wehewehe o ka ʻĀkelanika walrus
Nui ka ʻili o nā holoholona kai nunui... ʻO nā canine luna e hoʻomohala nui ʻia, elongated a kuhikuhi i lalo. Noho ʻia kahi waha ākea e ka mānoanoa a paʻakikī, lehulehu, pāheo ʻia (vibrissae). ʻO ka nui o kēlā mau ʻumiʻumi ma ka lehelehe luna he 300-700 mau ʻāpana. Pau loa nā pepeiao o waho, a liʻiliʻi nā maka i ka nui.
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā canine o ka walrus i kekahi manawa hiki i ka hapalua mika. He kumu kūpono kēlā mau tusks, hiki iā lākou keʻoki maʻalahi i ka hau, hiki iā lākou ke pale i ka ʻāina a me ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana mai nā ʻenemi he nui. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ke kōkua o kā lākou mau ʻako, hiki wawe i nā walrus ke komo i ke kino o nā bea nui nui. ʻĀwī loa ka ʻili o kahi walrus makua a mānoanoa, me kahi ʻano o ka momona he ʻumikūmālima kenimika kenika. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ko ʻAkelanika walrus me nā huluhulu ʻeleʻele a paʻa pono a i ʻole nā oho melemele-ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka helu o ia mea e emi mai me ka makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka walrus ʻAkelanika kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi o ka kaiaolaola o ke Kai Barents, i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation.
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana mua loa o ka ʻĀkelanika walrus subspecies he ʻaneʻane ʻōlohelohe a maʻalahi ka ʻili. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia nā lālā o ka holoholona no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina a loaʻa ka wāwae wāwae, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā walrus ke kolo, akā e hele wāwae. Pinniped ka huelo o ka rudimentary.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ko ʻAkelanika walrus subspecies e hui pū me nā holoholona o nā helu like ʻole. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā pinnipeds e kōkua pū kekahi i kekahi, a pale pū hoʻi i ka nāwaliwali a ʻōpio hoʻi o ko lākou mau hoahānau mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Ke hoʻomaha iki a hiamoe paha ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i loko o ia ʻano holoholona e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia he poʻe kiaʻi kiaʻi. Inā paha e hoʻokokoke i kahi makaʻu e kuli kēia mau kiaʻi i ka wahi āpau me ka halulu nui.
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, i ke kaʻina o nā ʻike he nui, ua hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia, i ka lohe ʻana he maikaʻi loa, hiki i ka wahine ke lohe i ke kāhea o kāna keiki bipi i kahi mamao o ʻelua mau kilomita.
ʻO ka hiki ʻole a me ka lohi o nā walruses uku ʻia e ka lohe maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻala maikaʻi, a me nā maka i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. ʻIke nā lunamaka o nā pinnipeds pehea e ʻauʻau ai a ʻoluʻolu loa, akā inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke make i kahi moku lawaiʻa.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā walrus ʻAkelanika?
Ma ka awelika, ke ola nei nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā Atlantik walrus subspecies ma mua o 40-45 mau makahiki, ai kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Piʻi mālie kēlā ʻano holoholona. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo Walrus he makua piha, oʻo makua a mākaukau e hoʻohua i ʻewalu mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Loaʻa i nā kāne o ka ʻAkelanika walrus ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mika me ka awelika o ke kaupaona ma kahi o ʻelua tone. Ke ulu nei nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana wahine i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 2.5-2.6 mau mika, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka wahine ma mua o ke kānāwai, hoʻokahi tone.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka koho ʻana i ka huina nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana ʻĀkelanika walrus me ka pololei e like me ka hiki, akā ʻo ka mea paha, ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ma mua o iwakālua tausani kānaka i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kēia heluna kanaka nunui ʻole mai ka Arctic Canada, Svalbard, Greenland, a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Russian Arctic.
Ma ke kumu o ka mahele nui o ka ʻāina a me ka ʻepekema e pili ana i nā neʻe ʻana a pau i hiki ke lawe ʻia he ʻewalu mau subpopulation o ka holoholona, ʻelima o ia mau mea ma ke komohana a ʻekolu ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka teritori o Greenland. I kekahi manawa komo kēlā holoholona pinniped i loko o ka wai o ke Kai Keʻokeʻo.
Hoihoi ia! I ke aupuni i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hiki i nā walrus ke neʻe pū me ka hau nui, no laila neʻe lākou i ka ʻauheʻe ʻana i nā papa hau, ʻauʻau ma luna o lākou i kahi i makemake ʻia, a laila hele i ka ʻāina, kahi a lākou e hoʻonohonoho ai i kā lākou rookery.
Ma mua, ua noho nā ʻelele o nā subspecies Atlantic walrus i nā palena e hoʻonui ana i ka hema i ka panalāʻau o Cape Cod. I kahi heluna nui loa, ua loaʻa ka holoholona pinniped i loko o ka wai o ke Kai Kūʻono o St. Lawrence. I ka puna o 2006, ua helu ʻia ka heluna o ka poʻe walrus ʻAkau ʻAkelanika ma lalo o ke Kanawai Hoʻoweliweli ʻĀina ʻo Canada.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka walrus ʻAkelanika
ʻO ke kaʻina hānai no nā ʻelele o nā subspecies ʻAkelanika walrus ʻaneʻane mau. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou papaʻaiʻai i nā molluscs benthic, i hopu maʻalahi ʻia e nā pinnipeds. ʻO Walrus, me ke kōkua o kā lākou mau pū lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi, e hoʻāla i ka lepo o ka waihona wai, a laila e hoʻopiha ana i ka wai me nā pūpū liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Lawe ʻia nā pūpū e ʻohi ʻia e ka walrus i loko o nā palu, a ma hope e hamo ʻia me ke kōkua o nā neʻe ikaika loa. ʻO nā ʻāpana iwi i koe e hāʻule i lalo, ʻoiai nā mollusks e waiho mau ana ma luna o ka wai. ʻAi ikaika lākou i nā walrus. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano crustacea a me nā ilo no nā kumu meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Pono ka papaʻai nui no nā walrus e kākoʻo i nā hana nui o ke kino, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i lawa ka momona o ka subcutaneite, he mea nui ia no ka pale ʻana i ka hypothermia a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
ʻAʻole waiwai ka iʻa e nā pinnipeds, no laila ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia kēlā ʻano meaʻai, aia wale nō i nā manawa o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā walrus Atlantic i nā pilikana ʻili mānoanoa a me nā kino kekahi. Ua hoʻopaʻa nā ʻepekema i nā hihia o nā holoholona pinniped nui e hoʻouka nei i nā narwhals a me nā sila.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i nā walruse ʻAkelanika ke piha i ka moekolohe wale nō i ka makahiki ʻelima a ʻeono makahiki, a ʻo ka wā hānau moʻa no ia mau pinnipeds aia i ʻApelila a me Mei.
Aia ia i loko o kēlā wā i ʻike ʻia nā kāne, kahi ʻano kuʻikahi e kahi ʻano maluhia loa, i lilo i mea huhū, no laila hakakā pinepine lākou me kekahi i kekahi no nā wahine, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā tusks nui a hoʻomōhala maikaʻi ʻia no kēia kumu. ʻOiai, koho nā wahine wahine moekolohe wale nō i nā kāne ʻoi loa a ikaika hoʻi i hana no lākou iho ma ke ʻano he hoa kolohe.
ʻO ka manawa hānau maʻamau o kahi walrus ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 340-370 mau lā, a ma hope o hoʻokahi wale nō keiki hānau, akā nui ka nui. I nā hihia kākaʻikahi loa, hānau ʻia nā māhoe... ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi walrus ʻAkelanika hānau hou ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika me ka awelika o 28-30 kg. Mai nā lā mua o ko lākou ola, aʻo nā pēpē i kaʻauʻau. I loko o ka makahiki mua, hānai wale nā walrus i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a ma hope wale o ka loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke ʻai i ka ʻano meaʻai o nā walrus makua.
Loaʻa i nā walrus āpau kahi hanana makuahine i hoʻomohala pono ʻia, no laila hiki iā lākou ke pale pilikino ʻole i kā lākou mau keiki ke kū aʻe kahi pilikia. Wahi a nā mea i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema, ma ka laulā, ʻo nā wana ʻAkelanika wahine he palupalu a mālama pono i nā makuahine. Aia a kokoke i ka makahiki o ʻekolu, ke hoʻomohala nā walrus ʻōpio i nā tusks-fangs, kokoke mau ka mau walrus ʻōpio ma hope o kā lākou makua. I ka makahiki ʻekolu wale nō, ua lawa wau i ka ulu ʻana i nā canine, ua hoʻomaka nā lunamaka o nā ʻohana Atlantika walrus i ko lākou ola makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i nā holoholona he nui, e like me nā ʻĀkelanui walrus subspecies, nā kānaka. No nā mea ʻaihue a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona, ʻo nā pinnipeds nui kahi waiwai o nā tusks waiwai, pēpē a me nā meaʻai momona. ʻOiai nā palena nui i ka waiwai kalepa, a me nā hana pale i ka wahi noho, ke emi mau nei ka huina nui o nā walrus ʻAkelanika, no laila, aia nā holoholona i lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make loa.
Hoihoi ia! Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe, ʻo ka ʻenemi o ka walrus ma ke ʻano he bea polar a he hapa ka kohola kohola, a ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻehaʻeha loa nā ʻano holoholona mai nā parasites weliweli a kūwaho hoʻi.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hana ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa i kēia lā wale nō no kekahi mau lāhui ʻōiwi ʻākau, e like me Chukchi a me Eskimos. ʻO ia no lākou ke ʻimi no nā pinnipeds kahi pono kūlohelohe a ʻae ʻia lākou e hopu i kahi helu kau palena o nā kānaka kakaʻikahi. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ia holoholona i lilo i mea nui ʻole o ka papaʻai o nā kānaka ʻākau ma muli o ko lākou ʻano lāhui lōʻihi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
No ka pono o ka pono, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka hōʻemi loa ʻana o ka nui o kēia ʻāpana o nā holoholona i kumu ʻole ʻia e ke kī ʻana a me ka pana nui ʻana i ke kaʻina lawaiʻa, akā no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana aila. ʻO nā ʻoihana o kēia ʻoihana ʻo ia nā ala e hoʻohaumia nui i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā Red Walrus.
Ke hopohopo nei ka poʻe loea he nui e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina walrus o kēia manawa.... I kēia lā, ʻo ka helu kokoke wale nō o ia mau holoholona i loko o nā wai o ke kai Pechora a ma nā wahi o kekahi mau rookeries i ʻike ʻia. Eia nō hoʻi, nā neʻe o nā walrus i loko o ka makahiki a me ka pilina o nā hui like ʻole me kekahi i kekahi e noho ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ana e pono ai e mālama i ka heluna walrus presupposes ka mandatory hoʻokō o ka noiʻi hou.
