Tuna manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono maoli i waena o nā gourmets sophisticated. ʻOiai ʻo 5000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hopu nā lawaiʻa Kepanī i kēia iʻa ikaika a dexterous, ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa mai ka Helene kahiko he "hoʻolei a hoʻolei." I kēia manawa ʻaʻole wale ka lawaiʻa iʻa iʻa, akā he trope hoʻi no nā lawaiʻa ʻike a hopohopo nui hoʻi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Tuna
He iʻa kahiko ʻo Tuna mai ka ʻohana mackerel o ka genus Thunnus, kahi i ola a hiki i kēia lā kokoke i hoʻololi ʻole. Aia pū ʻo Thunnus i ʻehiku mau ʻano; i ka makahiki 1999, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā tuna maʻamau a me ka Pākīpika mai iā lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa.
Video: Tuna
ʻO nā tuna āpau he iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia, ʻo ia ka papa maʻa mau o ka moana o ka honua. Loaʻa iā lākou kēia inoa ma muli o ke kūlana kūikawā o nā peʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ka laulā o ke ʻano o ka fin fin i ke kaʻina o ka lohi lōʻihi, ma lalo o ka mana o ka radiation adaptive. ʻO ka loaʻa kahiko loa o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me nā fossil i kūlike i ka hopena o ka wā Silurian - 420 miliona mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa nā koena o kēia meaola kolohe ma Russia, Estonia, Sweden.
Nā ʻano tuna mai ka moʻopuna ʻo Thunnus:
- tuna loloa;
- ʻAukekulia;
- tuna maka nunui;
- ʻAkelanika;
- melemele a huelo lōʻihi.
He ola ʻokoʻa ko lākou āpau, ka nui o ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ke kino, a me ke kala ʻano no nā laha.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki i ka Blueuna tuna ke mālama i ka mahana o kona kino ma 27 kekelē, ʻoiai ka hohonu o kahi kilomita, kahi e hoʻomehana ʻole ai ka wai a i ʻelima mau kekelē. Hoʻonui lākou i ka mahana o ke kino me ke kōkua o kahi exchanger wela kūʻē i kēia manawa aia ma waena o nā gills a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa tuna
Loaʻa i nā ʻano tuna āpau kahi kino kālua oblong, e ʻōniu nui ana i ka hiʻu. ʻO ka fin dorsal nui he concave a elongated, ʻo ka lua he ʻano crescent, lahilahi. Mai iā ia i ka hiʻu aia a hiki i 9 mau peʻa liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka huelo ke ʻano o ka crescent a ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka wikiwiki i ke kolamu wai, ʻoiai ke kino o nā tuna ponoʻī e ʻoniʻoni ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana. He mau mea ola kupaianaha kēia, hiki ke neʻe i ka wikiwiki o ka 90 km i kēlā me kēia hola.
Nui ke poʻo o ka tuna i ke ʻano o ka cone, liʻiliʻi ka maka, koe wale nō kekahi ʻano tuna - ka maka nunui. He ākea ka waha o ka iʻa, ajar mau; ʻo ka iwi ā hoʻokahi lālani o nā niho liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā unahi ma ke alo o ke kino a ma nā ʻaoʻao ua ʻoi aku ka nui a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, ma muli o kahi ʻano pūpū pale i hana ʻia.
Aia ke kala o ka tuna i kona ʻano, akā pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o lākou āpau i ka ʻōpū māmā a me ka kua ʻeleʻele me kahi hina a polū polū paha. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻano laha i nā ʻaoʻao ma ke ʻaoʻao, aia paha nā kala ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o nā peʻa. Hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke loaʻa ke kaupaona a i ka hapalua o ke ton me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 3 a 4.5 mau mika - he pilikua maoli kēia, a ua kapa ʻia lākou he "mōʻī o nā iʻa āpau". ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i ka tuna polū a polū paha ke kaena i kēlā mau nui. Loaʻa ka awelika o ka mackerel tuna ma mua o ʻelua mau kilokilo me ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka hapalua mika.
Ua ʻae ka nui o nā ichthyologists ʻo kēia mau iʻa he aneane ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa o nā kamaʻāina āpau o ke kai.
- he fin huelo mana nui ko lākou;
- mahalo i nā gills ākea, hiki i nā tuna ke loaʻa i 50 pakeneka o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai, ʻo ia ka hapakolu i ʻoi aku i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe;
- kahi ʻōnaehana kūikawā o ka hoʻoponopono wela, ke hoʻolilo nui ʻia ka wela i ka lolo, nā mākala a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻōpū;
- kiʻekiʻe hemoglobin pae a me ka wikiwiki kōmi kūkaʻi kuhi;
- ʻōnaehana vascular hemolele a me ka puʻuwai, physiology.
Ma hea e noho ai ke tuna?
Kiʻi: Tuna i ka wai
Ua noho kūpono ka tuna ma loko o ka Honua holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā wai polar. ʻO Bluefin a i ʻole nā tuna maʻamau i loaʻa ma mua ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika mai nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a hiki i ke Kai ʻĀkau, i kekahi manawa ua ʻau aku ʻo ia i Nolewai, ke Kai ʻEleʻele, i nā wai o Australia, ʻApelika, me he mea lā he haku i ke kai Mediterranean. I kēia lā ua kūiki kona wahi noho. Koho ka poʻe congeners i nā wai tropical a subtropical o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, Pākīpika a me nā Moana ʻInikia. Hiki iā Tuna ke noho i nā wai anuanu, akā komo wale i laila i kahi manawa, makemake i nā wai mahana.
ʻO nā ʻano tuna āpau, koe wale no nā tuna Australia, ʻaʻohe hiki ke kokoke i ke kahakai a i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kau; pinepine lākou e noho ai mai kahakai i kahi mamao loa. ʻO ka Australian, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, pili mau ia i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole hele i ka wai hāmama.
Hele mau ka iʻa tuna ma hope o nā kula iʻa a lākou e hānai ai. I ka puna, hiki lākou i nā kapakai o Caucasus, Crimea, komo i ke kai o Iapana, kahi e noho ai a hiki i ʻOkakopa, a laila hoʻi i ke Kaiwaenahonua a i ʻole Marmara. I ka hoʻoilo, noho ka tuna i ka hohonu a piʻi hou me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka puna. Ma ka hana ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokokoke loa aku i nā kapakai e pili ana i nā kula iʻa e paʻa ana i kā lākou papaʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a ke tuna?
Kiʻi: Tuna i ke kai
He manu ʻaihue nā tuna āpau, hānai lākou i nā mea āpau e ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai o ke kai a i lalo paha, no nā ʻano nui. Huli mau ʻo Tuna i kahi hui, hiki iā ia ke ukali i kahi kula iʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi, e uhi ana i kahi mamao loa, i kekahi manawa a komo i loko o nā wai anuanu. Makemake ʻo Bluefin tuna e hānai i ka hohonu waena no ka mea pio nui, e like me nā manō liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai e noho kokoke ana nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i ka papa, nā ʻike me nā mea āpau e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o kēia predator:
- nā ʻano iʻa kula he nui, e like me ka hopu, hake, pollock;
- heʻe;
- heʻe;
- ʻōhumu;
- pūpū;
- sponges like ʻole a me nā crustacean.
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka Tuna ma mua o nā poʻe noho kai ʻē aʻe āpau e hōʻiliʻili i ka mercury i kāna ʻiʻo, akā ʻo ke kumu nui o kēia hanana ʻaʻole kāna papaʻai, akā ʻo ka hana a ke kanaka, no ka hopena i komo ai kēia mea weliweli i ka wai. Pau kekahi o ka mercury i ke kai i ka wā o nā luaʻi pele, i ke ʻano o nā anilā.
Mea hoihoi: Ua hopu kekahi o nā huakaʻi kai i ka manawa a kahi kanaka nui o ka tuna i hopu ai mai ka papa o ka wai a ale i kahi ʻōkohu o ke kai, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa, kuha akula ia me ka ʻike ʻana i kāna kuhihewa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Iʻa tuna
He iʻa kula ke tuna e pono ai i ka neʻe mau, no ka mea i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana e loaʻa iā ia kahi kahe o ka oxygen ma o kāna mau gills. He mākaukau loa lākou a me nā ʻauʻau wikiwiki, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki i lalo o ka wai, maneuvering, neʻe i kahi mamao loa. I loko nō o ka neʻe mau ʻana, hoʻi pinepine ka tuna i nā wai like a mau.
Lawe ʻole ʻo Tuna i ka meaʻai mai ka lalo a i ʻole ka papa o ka wai, makemake e nānā i ka mea pio i kona mānoanoa. I ke ao, ʻimi lākou i ka hohonu, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō e ala lākou. Hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke neʻe ʻaʻole wale i ke ākea, akā i ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. Hoʻoholo ka mahana o ka wai i ke ʻano o ka neʻe. Hoʻoikaika mau ʻo Tuna i nā papa wai e hoʻomehana ʻia i nā kekelē 20-25 - ʻo kēia ka hōʻailona hōʻoluʻolu loa nona.
I ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana, kāpae ke tuna i kahi kula iʻa i loko o ka semicircle a laila hoʻouka wikiwiki. I loko o kahi manawa pōkole, luku ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o nā iʻa a no kēia kumu i manaʻo ai nā lawaiʻa i ka tuna i ko lākou hoʻokūkū a luku pono iā ia i mea e waiho ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o ka iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: A hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻiʻo e like me nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana o ka hānai holoholona.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Iʻa tuna ma lalo o ka wai
Ua hōʻea ʻo Tuna i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki ʻekolu wale nō, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana ma mua o 10-12 mau makahiki, i nā wai mehana ma mua iki. ʻO ko lākou mau makahiki ke ola he 35 mau makahiki, a hiki i ka hapalua kenekulia. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, neʻe ka iʻa i ka wai mehana o ke Kai Kūʻono o Mekiko a me ke Kai Kaiwaena, ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia wahi kahi manawa e hoʻouluulu ai, ke hiki ka mahana o ka wai i 23-27 kekelē.
Momona nā tuna āpau - i ka manawa hoʻokahi hana ka wahine i 10 miliona mau hua ma kahi o 1 millimeter ka nui a hoʻouluulu ʻia e nā kāne i ka manawa hoʻokahi. I loko o kekahi mau lā, ʻike ʻia ka fry mai iā lākou, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā mea nui kokoke i ka ʻilikai o ka wai. ʻAi ʻia kekahi o lākou e nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ke koena e ulu ka nui me ka wikiwiki, e ʻai ana i ka plankton a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi. Hoʻololi nā ʻōpio i ka papaʻai maʻamau ke ulu lākou, a hui iki i ka poʻe mākua i kā lākou alualu kula.
Aia mau ka tuna i ka ʻohana o kāna poʻe huakaʻi, ʻaʻohe mea nui nā kanaka hoʻokahi, inā he mākaʻikaʻi wale nō ia e ʻimi nei i kahi pio pono. Kūlike nā lālā āpau o ka pūʻolo, ʻaʻohe hierarchy, akā aia mau ka launa ʻana ma waena o lākou, maopopo a paʻa ʻole kā lākou hana i ka wā o ka ʻimi hulina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka tuna
Kiʻi: Tuna
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe ko Tuna ma muli o kāna Dodge kupaianaha a me ka hiki ke wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki nui. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kekahi ʻano manō manō nui, iʻa pahi kaua, ma muli o ka make ʻana o ke tuna, akā pinepine kēia i nā subspecies o nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui i ka heluna kanaka e nā kānaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka tuna kahi iʻa kalepa, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e waiwai nui ʻia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka protein a me ka hao, ʻono maikaʻi loa, a me ka hiki ʻole i ka infestation parasite. Mai ka makahiki kanawalukumamāiwa o ke kenekulia 20, ua hana ʻia kahi lako hou o nā ʻauwaʻa lawaiʻa, a ua hiki aku ka lawaiʻa ʻoihana o kēia iʻa i ka nui kūlike ʻole.
Mea hoihoi: Mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻai ʻo Tuna e ka poʻe Kepanī, hoʻonohonoho mau ʻia nā moʻohelu kumukūʻai ma nā kudala ʻai ma Iāpana - hiki ke $ 1000 i ke kumukūʻai o hoʻokahi kilogram o nā tuna hou.
Ua loli ka ʻano i ke tuna ma ke ʻano he iʻa kālepa. Inā he mau makahiki he kaukani a ka lawaiʻa mana i mālama nui ʻia e nā lawaiʻa, ua kiʻi ʻia kona kiʻi ma nā moni Helene a me Celtic, a laila i ka kenekulia 20 ua pau ka mahalo ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa tuna - ua hoʻomaka lākou e hopu iā ia no ka pono o nā haʻuki hoihoi i loaʻa kahi trophy kūpono, hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he maka. i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻohuihui hānai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Tuna Nui
ʻOiai ka aneane pau ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, kiʻekiʻe momona, ke emi mau nei ka heluna o nā tuna ma muli o ka nui o ka lawaiʻa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻē ʻia he tuna maʻamau a polū paha. Aia ke ʻano o ka make ʻana o ka lāhui Australia. ʻO ka nui o nā mea lawelawe i nā mea kaulike ʻole e hopohopo i waena o nā ʻepekema a kūpaʻa ko lākou kūlana.
Ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana a ke tuna a hiki i ke oʻo ʻana o ka moekolohe, aia kahi kapu no ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻōpio. Inā kū ʻia ma kahi moku lawaiʻa pōpilikia, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae ʻia ma lalo o ka pahi, akā hoʻokuʻu ʻia a lawe ʻia paha i nā mahiʻai kūikawā no ka ulu ʻana. Mai nā makahiki kanawalukumamāiwa o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ulu pono ʻia ka tuna i nā ʻano hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā peni kūikawā. Ua kūleʻa nui ʻo Iapana i kēia. Aia kahi nui o nā mahiʻai iʻa i Helene, Croatia, Kupero, ʻItalia.
Ma Tureke, mai ka waena o Mei a Iune, ua alualu nā moku kūikawā i nā pūʻulu o ka tuna a, e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou me nā ʻupena, neʻe iā lākou i kahi iʻa iʻa i ka Karaburun Bay. ʻO nā hana āpau e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana, ka ulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i kēia iʻa ke kaʻi paʻa ʻia e ka mokuʻāina. Nānā ʻia ke ʻano o ke tuna e nā poʻe loli, momona ka iʻa no 1-2 mau makahiki a laila ʻona no ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hau no ka lawe hou aku.
Pale pale tuna
Kiʻi: Tuna mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻO ke tuna maʻamau, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia e kona nui kupaianaha, aia ma ke kaʻe o ka luku loa a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book i ka mahele o nā ʻano mea ʻaneʻane pau. ʻO ke kumu nui ka makemake nui ʻia o ka iʻa o kēia iʻa i ka gastronomy a me ka lawaiʻa ʻole i kāohi ʻole ʻia i mau kekeke. Wahi a nā helu helu, i loko o 50 mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka heluna kanaka o kekahi ʻano tuna e 40-60 pakeneka, a ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā kānaka o nā tuna maʻamau i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e mālama i ka lehulehu.
Mai ka makahiki 2015, ua kū ka ʻaelike ma waena o nā ʻāina he 26 e hoʻokaʻawale i ka iʻa o nā tuna Pākīpika. Hoʻohui ʻia, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka hana ma ka hoʻoulu hānai o kēlā me kēia kanaka. I ka manawa like, he nui nā mokuʻāina ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā ʻāina i kākoʻo i ka ʻaelike no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hopu e hoʻonui nui nei i ka nui o ka lawaiʻa.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole i waiwai nui kaʻiʻo Tuna e like me kēia manawa; i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia he iʻa, a makaʻu nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula o ka ʻiʻo, i loaʻa iā ia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka myoglobin. Hana ʻia kēia mea i nā mākala o ke tuna i hiki iā ia ke kū i nā kaumaha nui. Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o kēia iʻa me ka ʻeleu, hana ʻia ka myoglobin i nā nui he nui.
Tuna - he kamaʻāina kūpono i nā kai a me nā moana, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe, pale ʻia e ka kūlohelohe iā ia iho mai ka make ʻana e ka momona nui a me ke ola o ke ola, aia nō ia ma ke kapa o ka make ma muli o nā makemake nui o ke kanaka Hiki paha ke pale aku i nā laha tuna laha ʻole mai ke kinai loa - e haʻi ka manawa.
Lā paʻi: 20.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/26/2019 ma 9:13
