ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ma hope o nā mea āpau ka mea lele i ka lepo. E kuhikuhi i ka iʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka like me ka toog-eyed toad me ka waha nui ākea a i ʻole ka moʻo, nele i nā wāwae hope.
Hōʻike o ka Mudskipper
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia e kona poʻo nui i pehu (kūʻē i ke kua o ke kino) poʻo, e hōʻike ana i kahi pilina pili loa me ka ʻohana goby, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā mudskippers i kā lākou ʻano iho Periophthalmus. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa nā poʻe Aquarist me ka lāhulu Periophthalmus barbarus (West Africa, a i ʻole mudskipper maʻamau) - kūʻai pinepine ʻia kēia mau iʻa a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka genus. ʻO nā mākua, kāhiko ʻia me ka lua o nā ʻāʻī dorsal me kahi ʻalani polū mālamalama ma ka piko, ulu a 25 cm.
ʻO nā mudskiper liʻiliʻi loa, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he India a i ʻole pygmy jumpers, no ka ʻano Periophthalmus novemradiatus... Ma ke oʻo ʻana, "swing" lākou a 5 cm a ʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana dorsal melemele, i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele a kiko ʻia me nā ʻulaʻula / keʻokeʻo. Aia kahi kiko ʻalani nui ma ka fin dorsal mua.
Helehelena
Hoʻopuka ka Mud Jumper i nā manaʻo huikau mai ka mahalo i ka hoʻowahāwahā. E noʻonoʻo e hoʻokokoke ana kahi moʻo nui me nā maka maka nunui e noho ana (ke nānā aku i ka huina 180 °), ʻaʻole e kaʻapuni wale e like me ka periskope, akā "blink" pū kekahi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki kēia ma muli o ka nele o nā maka maka. A ʻo ka blinking ka mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻi wikiwiki ʻana o nā maka i loko o nā kumu o ka maka e pulu i ke kō.
Hele ke poʻo nui i kahakai a ... kolo aku ka iʻa i uka, e lawe pū ana i ʻelua mau hao pectoral ikaika a huki i kāna huelo. I kēia manawa, ʻano like ʻo ia me ke kanaka kīnā ʻole me ka ʻaoʻao lolo i hope o ke kino.
ʻO ka fin dorsal lōʻihi, e pili ana i ka ʻauʻau ʻana (a me ka makaʻu i nā ʻenemi), pelu ʻē ʻia ma ka ʻāina, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hana nui i nā pā i kākoʻo ʻia me nā huelo ikaika. ʻO ka hope, lawe maʻalahi ʻia ma lalo o ke kua o ke kino, hoʻohana ʻia i ka lele ʻana o ka iʻa mai ka wai a i ʻole e pahu aku iā ia i kahi papa paʻakikī. Mahalo i ka huelo, lele ka mea jumper lepo i ka hapalua mika a ʻoi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Anatomically / physiologically, nā mudskiper ma nā ʻano like a like me nā amphibians, akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hanu ʻana a me nā ʻino iā mākou e poina e pili ana i ka genus Periophthalmus i nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia.
Hiki i ka jumper mud ke like me ka rana maoli, hiki ke omo i ka oxygen ma o ka ʻili a hoʻolilo iā ia i carbon dioxide, e kōkua ai e hanu ma waho o ka wai. Ke hele i ka ʻāina, pani paʻa nā ʻāhaʻi o ka mudskipper (e pale i ka maloʻo ʻana).
Pono nā iwi ā Volumetric e mālama i kahi lako o ka wai kai, mahalo iā ia (me ka ea ale), mālama ka mea jumper i ka pae o ka oxygen e pono ai no ke kino no kekahi manawa. Loaʻa i ka Mudskippers kahi ʻōpū silvery a me ka leo hina / ʻoliva ākea o ke kino, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā hui like ʻole o nā kaha a i ʻole nā kiko, a me kahi ʻili i uhi ʻia i ka lehelehe luna.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hāʻawi ʻia ka jumper muddy (ma muli o ke kūlana waena ma waena o nā amphibians a me nā iʻa) me nā mana kūikawā a ʻike i ka hohonu o ka wai i loko o ka wai a noho ma waho o ka wai. Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka palolo i ka hua, e like me ko ka rana, i wehewehe ʻia e kona ola lōʻihi ma waho o ka wai. Ke kuʻi nei i ka ʻalae, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa i ka manawa like a hoʻomaʻalili i ka ʻili.
ʻO ka maʻamau neʻe ka iʻa i loko o ka wai, hāpai i kona poʻo me nā maka periscope ma luna o ka ʻili. Ke kuʻi ke kai, ʻeʻeli ka lepo i loko o ka lepo, e peʻe ana i nā lua, a i ʻole e poho i lalo e mālama i ka mahana o ke kino. I loko o ka wai, noho lākou e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e mālama nei i ko lākou hanu ʻana me ke kōkua o nā gills. I kekahi manawa, puka ka poʻe lele lepo mai ka hohonu o ka wai i ka ʻāina a kolo paha ma ka lalo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka wai ma hope o ke au haʻahaʻa. Ke kolo nei a lele i waho i ke kai, lālau ka iʻa i kahi wai e pulu i kā lākou mau kāhili.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ka ʻāina, hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka lohe ʻana o ka mudskippers (lohe lākou i ke kani ʻana o nā ʻeke lele) a me ka hihiʻo, kahi e kōkua ai e ʻike i nā pio e mamao aku ana. Lilo loa ka makaʻala ke komo ʻia i ka wai, kahi i lilo koke ai ka iʻa i myopic.
Ua hoʻokumu ka hapa nui o nā mudskiper iā lākou iho me he mea lā he poʻe hakakā ʻaʻohe hiki ke kū i ka hoʻokūkū mai nā hoa ʻohana a pale ikaika i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī. Aia ke ʻano o ka hakakā o nā lele i kā lākou laha: ʻo ke ʻano hakakā, e like me nā aquarists, i loaʻa i nā kāne o Periophthalmus barbarus, e hoʻouka nei i nā mea ola āpau e pili ana iā lākou.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka morale o kekahi mau kānaka nui iā lākou e mālama ʻia i nā hui, ʻo ia ke kumu e noho ai nā mea hakakā i nā aquarium ʻokoʻa.... Ma ke ala, hiki i ka jumper palolo ke neʻe i ka ʻāina ʻaʻole wale ma ke ākea, akā ʻo ka pākū hoʻi, e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻami i mua o ka wā e piʻi ana i nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻolako pū ʻia nō hoʻi ka paʻa ʻana ma kahi mokulele kaulike e nā poʻe omo waiū: ʻo ka ʻōpū (main) a me nā mea kōkua i kau ʻia ma nā peʻa.
Kōkua ka huki i ka naʻi e lanakila i nā kiʻekiʻe - driftwood / logs e lana ana i ka wai, e ulu ana ma kapa o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā paia pali o ka aquarium. I ke kūlohelohe, ke kolo nei i luna i nā wahi kūlohelohe e pale aku i nā mudskiper mai ka hana a ke kai e hiki ai ke hāpai i kēia mau iʻa liʻiliʻi i ke kai ākea, kahi e make koke ai lākou
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi jumper lepo
Ma lalo o nā hanana hana, ola nā mudskippers i nā makahiki 3, akā me nā ʻike kūpono wale nō. Ke kūʻai ʻana i ka iʻa mai ka genus Periophthalmus, e hana i kahi kūlohelohe i kāu aquarium. Hoʻopiha mau ʻia ka aquarium me ka wai paʻakai liʻiliʻi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hoʻololi ʻia o nā mudskiper i ke ola i loko o nā kino wai paʻakai a wai.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ua loaʻa i ka genus Periophthalmus kahi hana kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka metabolism i kahi kulu wela ʻoi loa ke hoʻololi i kahi meahana wai i kahi ea hoʻokahi (a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe).
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOiai ʻo nā ichthyologists a me nā aquarist ʻike he paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine makua kāne o ka genus Periophthalmus. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kahi o ke kāne a wahine paha a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka momona i nā palolo. ʻIke wale ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o ka iʻa - ʻoi aku ka mālie o nā wahine a me ka maluhia ma mua o nā kāne.
Nā ʻano o ka jumper ooze
ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻo Biologists i ka helu o nā laha e hana i ka genus Periophthalmus: kapa ʻia kekahi mau kumuwaiwai i ka helu 35, ʻo kekahi poʻe e helu wale i kahi kakini. ʻO ka mea maʻamau a ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mudskipper maʻamau (Periophthalmus barbarus), nona nā lunamakaʻāinana e noho i nā wai kūwaho ma kahakai o ʻApelika Komohana (mai Senegal a Angola), a kokoke i nā mokupuni o ke Kai Kūʻono o Guinea.
Me ka Periophthalmus barbarus, ʻo ka genus Periophthalmus pū kekahi:
- P. argentilineatus a me P. cantonensis;
- P. chrysospilos, P. kalolo, P. gracilis;
- P. magnuspinnatus a me P. modestus;
- P. minutus a me P. malaccensis;
- P. novaeguineaensis a me P. pearsei;
- P. novemradiatus a me P. sobrinus;
- P. waltoni, P. spilotus a me P. variabilis;
- P. weberi, P. walailakae a me P. septemradiatus.
Ma mua, ua hāʻawi ʻia he ʻehā mau ʻanoʻano i nā mudskiper, i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo Periophthalmodon schlosseri, Periophthalmodon tredecemradiatus, Periophthalmodon freycineti, a me Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (ma muli o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe Periophthalmodon).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mudskiper iā ʻAsia, kokoke i nā tropical tropical Africa a me Australia.... Noho kekahi ʻano i loko o nā loko iʻa a me nā kahawai, ua hoʻololi nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke ola i nā wai paʻa o nā kahakai tropika.
Nā mokuʻāina ʻo ʻApelika, kahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻano nui o ka mudskiper, Periophthalmus barbarus, i loaʻa:
- Angola, Gabon lāua ʻo Benin;
- Cameroon, Gambia a me Kongo;
- ʻO Cote dʻIvoire a me Ghana;
- Guinea, Guinea ʻEkuatorial a me Guinea-Bissau;
- Liberia a me Nigeria;
- Saotome me Panikipe;
- ʻO Sierra Leone lāua ʻo Senegal.
Hoʻokumu pinepine ka Mudskippers i nā hale ma nā kahawai, nā wai wai, a me nā wahi wai e ʻālua ai, e hōʻalo nei i nā kapakai nalu kiʻekiʻe.
Meaʻai Mud Hopper
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ka hapa nui o nā mudskiper i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai a he omnivores (me ka ʻokoʻa o kekahi mau mea ulu lāʻau e makemake ana i ka limu). Loaʻa nā meaʻai i ke kai haʻahaʻa, e ʻeli ana i ka silt palupalu me kahi poʻo ākea nui.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka papaʻai o kahi mudskipper maʻamau, e like me ka Periophthalmus barbarus, he mea kanu a me nā meaʻai holoholona.
- nā umauma liʻiliʻi (crustacean a me nā pāpaʻi);
- iʻa liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻaila;
- nā mangroves keʻokeʻo (nā aʻa);
- limu;
- ilo a lele;
- nā ʻalekiko, nā makika a me nā nalo.
I ke pio ʻana, hoʻololi iki ke ʻano o ka papaʻai o nā mudskippers. Kūkākūkā nā Aquarist i ka hānai ʻana iā Periophtalmus i hana ʻia i ka home i hana ʻia i loko o nā flakes iʻa maloʻo, nā mea ʻai iʻa ʻia (me ka ʻōpae), a me nā ʻokoke koko paʻahau.
Mai kēlā me kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā lele a me nā mea kolo ola, e like me ka moth a me nā nalo liʻiliʻi (ʻo ia hoʻi nā lele hua)... Pāpā ʻia ka hānai ʻana i ka iʻa me nā ʻenuhe a me nā ʻalekiko, a hāʻawi pū iā lākou i nā holoholona i loaʻa ʻole i loko o nā mangroves, i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ai ka digestive.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā palekeke kāne, loko ʻino mai ka wā hānau mai, lilo i mea ʻole ʻole i ka wā hānau, ke pale aku lākou i ko lākou ʻāina a hakakā no nā wahine. Hoʻopili ke kāne i ka fin dorsal a kū i mua o ka mea hoʻokūkū, e wehe ana i kona waha ākea. Hoʻonāukiuki ka poʻe kūʻē i ka lūlū o ko lākou mau wili, lele a kekahi i kekahi a hoʻi i hope o kekahi o lākou.
Hoihoi ia! I mea e ʻumeʻume ai i kahi wahine, hoʻohana ʻia kahi taktika ʻokoʻa - hōʻike ke keonimana i nā lele dizzying. Ke loaʻa ka ʻae, kū ka momona o nā hua i loko, kahi e mālama ai ka makua kāne.
ʻEli ʻo ia i kahi lua i loko o ka lepo silty me kahi ʻeke ea, i lako me nā puka kū kaʻawale he 2, kahi e puka aku ai nā puna i waho. ʻElua mau manawa i ka lā, ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā tunnel me ka wai, no laila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa iā lākou. Mālama nā Tunnels i ʻelua mau kumu: hoʻonui lākou i ke kahe o ke ea i loko o ka lua ana a ʻae i nā mākua e loaʻa koke nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia i kona mau paia.
Kiaʻi ke kāne a me ka wahine i ka lālima ʻokoʻa, ma ka manawa like e kiaʻi ai i ka hoʻololi pono ʻana o ka ea, a huki lākou i nā ea i loko o kā lākou waha a hoʻopiha i ke ana iā lākou. I nā kūlana hana, ʻaʻole hoʻouluulu nā palolo.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o nā mudskiper nā herona, nā iʻa predatory nui a me nā moʻo wai.... Ke hoʻokokoke nā ʻenemi, hiki i ka jumper mudum ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki mua ʻole, neʻe i nā lele kiʻekiʻe, e ʻū ana i nā lua lepo ma lalo a peʻe paha i nā kumulāʻau kahakai.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Nā diabolō kai
- Iʻa Marlin
- Iʻa kulu
- Moray
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka mana o ka IUCN Red List i kēia manawa wale nō ka ʻano o nā mudskippers, Periophthalmus barbarus, i ka mahele o nā lālani ʻaneʻane weliweli. Nui a hewahewa nā mudskiper i mālama ʻole nā hui mālama i ka helu ʻana iā lākou, no laila ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu.
Mea nui! Ua helu ʻia ʻo Periophthalmus barbarus ma ke ʻano he Least Concern (ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi) a me ka ʻāina ma Central a me West Africa.
ʻO nā kumu e hoʻopili ana i ka heluna kanaka o ka palapalapala kāna lawaiʻa ʻana i nā lawaiʻa kūloko a hopu ʻia ma ke ʻano he iʻa aquarium.
