I ka wā e pili ana i ka helu helu kaulana o nā dinosaur, lawe wale ʻia ʻo Triceratops e Tyrannosaurus i luna o ka pālākiō. A ʻoiai ke ʻano o ia mau kiʻi pinepine i nā puke a nā keiki a me nā puke encyclopedic, ke kumu a me ka hiʻona pololei e hoʻomau i nā mea huna a puni iā ia iho.
Ka wehewehe o Triceratops
ʻO Triceratops kekahi o nā dinosaur liʻiliʻi nona ka helehelena i kamaʻāina, ma ke ʻano maoli, i nā mea āpau... He holoholona maikaʻi, a nui loa, ʻehā wāwae me ka iwi poʻo nui ʻole e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ke poʻo o kahi Triceratops ma kahi o ka hapakolu o kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. Ua hele ka iwi poʻo i ka ʻāʻī pōkole i hui pū ʻia me ke kua. Aia nā pepeiaohao ma ke poʻo o ka Triceratops. ʻO kēia mau mea nui ʻelua, ma luna o nā maka o ka holoholona a hoʻokahi mea liʻiliʻi ma ka ihu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o ka iwi lōʻihi i kahi mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi he mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia!ʻOkoʻa ka ʻano o ka iwi peʻapeʻa mai ka ʻike a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pā dinosaur i puka puha, ʻoiai ka Triceratops fan e pani ʻia ana e kahi iwi hoʻokahi a paʻa ʻole.
E like me nā dinosaur ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi huikau o ka neʻe ʻana o ka holoholona. ʻO nā hana hou ʻana, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka iwi nui a nui hoʻi o ka dinosaur, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wāwae mua ma nā kihi o ka mua o ke kino no ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia poʻo me ke kākoʻo kūpono. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi e kū pololei nā forelimbs. Eia nō naʻe, ua nui nā noiʻi a me nā hana hou ʻana o kēia wā, me nā simulation kamepiula, i hōʻike ʻia i kū i mua nā forelegs, e hōʻoia ana i ka mana ʻelua, kūlike i ka laina kinona, akā me nā kuʻekuʻe e piʻo iki i nā ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi kahi e hoʻomaha ai nā wāwae o mua (ʻokoʻa i ko mākou mau lima) ma ka honua. ʻAʻole like me nā tocophores (stegosaurs a ankylosaurs) a me nā sauropods (dinosaurs wāwae lōʻihi ʻehā ʻehā), kuhikuhi nā manamana o Triceratops i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, ma mua o ka nānā i mua. ʻOiai ke kumumanaʻo mua o ka helehelena mua o nā dinosaurs o kēia ʻano e hōʻike ana i nā kūpuna pololei o ka Late Cretaceous Keratopsian species he bipedal maoli (hele wāwae ma luna o ʻelua mau wāwae), a ua lawelawe nui ko lākou mau lima no ka hopu ʻana a me ke kaulike ʻana i ka lewa, akā ʻaʻole i hana i kahi hana kākoʻo.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea Trenchatops hoʻohiwahiwa i ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i kona ʻili. ʻIke ʻia, ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia nei e kekahi o nā paʻi fossil, he mau hulu liʻiliʻi ma luna o kona ʻili. ʻAno ʻē paha kēia, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe i ʻike pinepine i kāna mau kiʻi me ka ʻili laumania. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻoia ʻepekema ʻia he mau hulu ma nā ʻili ma mua ma ka ʻili, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ke kumumanaʻo e kekahi fossil mai Kina. Ma aneʻi i hōʻike mua ʻia nā dinosaurs Keratopsian mua i ka hopena o ka wā Jurassic.
He kino nui ko Triceratops... ʻEhā mau lālā lālā i kākoʻo iā ia. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hope ma mua o ka mua a ʻehā manamana wāwae, ʻo ka mua he ʻekolu wale nō. E nā kūlana i ʻae ʻia o nā dinosaurs o ka manawa, ua liʻiliʻi ʻo Triceratops, ʻoiai ua like keu me ke kaumaha a he huelo kona. Me he mea lā nui ke poʻo o Triceratops. Me kahi nuku ʻano ʻē ma ka hopena o ka waha, ʻai maluhia ia i nā mea kanu. Ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo kahi iwi kiʻekiʻe "frill", ke kumu o kēia e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ana. He ʻeiwa mika ka lōʻihi o ka Triceratops a kokoke ʻekolu mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo a me nā frills i hiki i ʻekolu mau mika. ʻO ka huelo ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona. He 6 a 12 mau tona ke kaupaona o Triceratops.
Helehelena
Ma 6-12 tone, nui kēia dinosaur. ʻO Triceratops kekahi o nā dinosaurs kaulana loa o ka honua. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona loa kona poʻo nui. Ua neʻe ʻo Triceratops ma nā lālā ʻehā, i nānā ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao e like me ka rhino o kēia au. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻelua mau ʻano Triceratops: Triceratopshorridus a me Trriceratopsproorus. He mea nui ʻole ko lākou ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua loaʻa iā T. horridus kahi pepeiaohao ihu liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo kekahi he pili kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā kāne like ʻole o Triceratops, ma kahi o nā ʻano, a he hōʻailona paha ia o ka dimorphism moekolohe.
Hoihoi ia!Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka frip occipital a me nā pepeiaohao e nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua, a nui nā manaʻo. Ua hoʻohana ʻia paha nā pepeiaohao e like me ka pale ʻana iā ia iho. Hōʻoia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa i loaʻa ai kēia ʻāpana o ke kino, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka hōʻino mechanical.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia paha ka frill ma ke ʻano he loulou hoʻohui e hoʻopili no nā mākala o ka iwi, e hoʻoikaika ana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonui i ka ʻili o ke kino e pono ai e kaohi i ka mahana. Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ua hoʻohana ʻia ka peahi e like me kekahi ʻano o ka hōʻike moekolohe a i ʻole he hōʻailona hōʻailona no ka lawehala, i ka wā i holo ai ke koko i loko o nā veins ma ka palaka ponoʻī. No kēia kumu, hōʻike nā mea pena kiʻi he nui i nā Triceratops me ka hoʻolālā hoʻonani i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.
Nā Ana Triciatops
Ua koho ʻia ʻo Triceratops e nā kānaka hulihonua e ʻaneʻane 9 mau mika ka lōʻihi a ma kahi o 3 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. E uhi ka iwi poʻo nui i ka hapakolu o ke kino o ka ona ona a ana ma luna o 2.8 mau mika ka lōʻihi. He mau wāwae ikaika ko ka Triceratops a ʻekolu mau pepeiaohao ʻoiʻoiʻoiʻoi, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia e hoʻokahi mika. Manaʻo ʻia kēia dinosaur i kahi hui kakaka e like me ke kakaka. ʻO ka dinosaur keʻokeʻo nui loa i manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o 4.5 tonnes, ʻoiai e ulu ana nā rhino ʻeleʻele nui loa i kahi o 1.7 tonnes. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua ulu ʻo Triceratops i 11,700 tone.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Ua noho lākou ma kahi o 68-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei - i ka wā Cretaceous. I ka manawa like i noho ai nā dinosaurs predatory kaulana ʻo Tyrannosaurus Rex, Albertosaurus a me Spinosaurus. ʻO Triceratops kahi mamao loa kekahi o nā dinosaur herbivorous maʻamau o kona manawa. Ua loaʻa he mau fossil koena o nā iwi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo me hoʻokahi haneli pākēneka kūpono i noho lākou i nā hui. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loaʻa o Triceratops i loaʻa maʻa mau i kēlā me kēia manawa. A hoʻokahi wale nō manawa ma mua o ko mākou manawa ke kanu ʻana o ʻekolu mau mea, loaʻa paha ʻo Triceratops makua ʻole.
ʻO ka hōʻike ākea o ka neʻe ʻana o Triceratops i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Wahi a kekahi ua hele mālie ʻo ia me kona mau wāwae ma ke kaʻawale i kona mau ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana o kēia ao, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ke kālailai ʻana i kāna paʻi, i hoʻoholo ʻia e neʻe paha ka Triceratops ma nā wāwae kū pololei, kūlou iki ma nā kuli i nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ākea ʻia o ka Triceratops helehelena - frill a me nā pepeiaohao, i hoʻohana ʻia e ia no ka pale ʻana iā ia iho a me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana.
ʻO ke kumu o ia mea kaua i hana ʻia no ka wikiwiki loa o ka neʻe ʻana o ka dinosaur. Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha wiwo ʻole i ka ʻenemi me ka haʻalele ʻole i ka ʻāina i koho ʻia. I kēia manawa, i waena o nā paleontologists he nui, ʻo kēia wale nō ke kumu kūpono. ʻO ka pilikia ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā dinosaur ceratopsia āpau i nā ʻāʻī ma ko lākou ʻāʻī, akā he ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻolālā kā lākou āpau. A manaʻo ka manaʻo inā i manaʻo wale ʻia lākou e hakakā i nā mea ʻaihue, e hoʻokau ʻia nā hoʻolālā i ke ʻano kūpono loa.
Hoʻokahi wale nō kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i ka ʻokoʻa o nā kinona o nā frills a me nā pepeiaohao: ke aniani. Ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, hiki i kekahi ʻano o nā dinosaurs ceratopsian ke hoʻomaopopo i nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o kā lākou iho ponoʻī i ʻole e huikau i ka moʻa ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā puka i nā mea pā o nā mea i hoʻouka ʻia. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa lākou i ke kaua me kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i ke kū ʻana o kahi maʻi parasite o nā hāpana kaʻawale. No laila, ʻoiai ka hiki i nā pepeiaohao ke huli kūleʻa i kahi predator, e hoʻohana ʻia paha ia no ka hōʻike hoʻike a me ka hakakā intraspecific me nā hoa paio.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Triceratops i ola nui i nā pūʻā puaʻa.... ʻOiai i kēia lā ʻaʻohe hōʻike paʻa o kēia ʻike. Koe no ʻekolu mau ʻōpio Triceratops i loaʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā koena ʻē aʻe āpau e hele mai kahi kanaka mehameha. ʻO kekahi mea e noʻonoʻo ai kūʻē i ka manaʻo nui o ka pūʻali koa, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ʻo Triceratops a pono i ka nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā ua hoʻonui ʻia ia mau pono i nā manawa he nui (helu ʻia e ka mahele o nā pua), ʻo ia ʻano hui holoholona e lawe i nā poho nui i ke kaiaolaola o ʻAkau ʻAmelika i kēlā manawa.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻomaopopo i hiki i nā dinosaur carnivorous nui e like me Tyrannosaurus ke hiki ke hoʻopau i nā mākua, kāne kāne makua kāne ʻo Triceratops. Akā ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa kūpono iki e hoʻouka aku i ka hui o kēia dinosaur, i ʻākoakoa pū no ka pale. No laila, he mea hiki paha i kekahi mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e pale aku i nā wahine palupalu a me nā pēpē, alakaʻi ʻia e hoʻokahi kāne makua kāne koʻikoʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paha ka manaʻo ʻo Triceratops, kahi e ola nei i kahi ola me ka hapa nui, i ka wā o kahi ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kūlana o ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻike ʻia kēia dinosaur ka mea nui loa o nā ʻano Keratopsian a ʻoi paha ka dinosaur herbivorous nui nui ma ʻAmelika Hema i kēia manawa. No laila, hiki ke kuhi ʻia mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa ua hina ʻo ia i kona ʻohana, e hana ana i nā hui liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lua, ʻo nā mea kanu lāʻau nui i kēia lā, e like me nā ʻelepani, hiki ke huakaʻi i nā hui ʻelua, a i ʻole nā ʻohana hānai a me nā pēpē, a i ʻole ʻo ia wale nō.
I kekahi manawa, uaʻaʻa paha kekahi mau kāne ʻē iā ia e lawe i kona hakahaka. Ua hōʻike paha lākou i ko lākou mau kiwi a me ka peahi ma ke ʻano he mea hana weliweli, a ua hakakā paha. ʻO ka hopena, ua lanakila ke kāne nui i ke kuleana e moe me nā wahine wahine, ʻoiai e holoholo wale ka mea nalo, kahi e makaʻu nui ai ʻo ia i ka hoʻouka kaua. Maliʻa paha he 100% hiki ʻole ke hilinaʻi ʻia kēia mau ʻike, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōnaehana like i waena o nā holoholona i kēia lā.
Wā ola
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka manawa o ka luku ʻia e ka palena Cretaceous Paleogene iridium-enriched. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia palena i ka Cretaceous mai ka Cenozoic a kū i luna a ma loko o ka hoʻokumu. ʻO ka reclassification o nā ʻano e pili ana e nā mea kākoʻo o nā manaʻomana ʻoi hou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā unuhi o ka luku ʻana o ka dinosaur ʻAmelika nui ʻĀkau. ʻO ka nui o nā fossil o Triceratops i hōʻoia he kūpono lākou no kā lākou kikoʻī kikoʻī, ʻoiai, e like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i pakele i ka pau ʻana i ka make.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Ua loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi he mau ʻano koena ʻelua. Ma kekahi, ua pōkole iki ka pepeiaohao waena, ma nā mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Aia kekahi manaʻo he mau hōʻailona kēia o ka dimorphism moekolohe ma waena o nā kānaka o ka dinosaur Triceratops.
ʻIke moʻolelo
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Triceratops i ka makahiki 1887. I kēia manawa, loaʻa wale nā ʻāpana o kahi iwi poʻo a me nā paʻa o nā pepeiaohao. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he bison prehistoric ʻē. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia kahi haku piha o ka iwi poʻo. Ua hele mai ʻo John Bell Hatcher me nā hōʻike hou aʻe no ke kumu a me ka iwi poʻo kumu. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua koi ʻia nā mea noi mua e hoʻololi i ko lākou manaʻo, e kāhea nei i nā ʻano mōʻalihaku ʻo Triceratops.
ʻO Triceratops ke kumuhana o nā ʻike nui a me nā ʻauhau ʻauhau. Aia ke kuhiakau i kēia manawa me ka manaʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona, hāʻawi ʻē ʻia nā kiko o ka piko o ka pali i ka paleko. ʻO ka hopena o kēia mea he mau lua i ka pali, e hoʻonui ana ia mea, me ka ʻole o ka amo hou.
ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā kiʻi o ka pūnaewele vaskular ma ka ʻili, e uhi ana i ka pali, hiki ke lilo i ʻano hoʻolaha o ka pilikino... Kūkākūkā kekahi mau ʻepekema he hiki ke lilo i kahi hiʻohiʻona i mea hoʻonani nani no ka piko, e lilo ana i hiʻohiʻona nui no ka moekolohe a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana. Ke nānā ʻia nei kēia kūlana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻepekema i nā hōʻike e hōʻike ana i nā ʻohana a me nā fiestra like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia i nā hanana ulu like ʻole o nā ʻano Triceratops like.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jack Horner o ke Kulanui o Montana State ua loaʻa ka iwi metaplastic i ka ceratopsians i ko lākou iwi poʻo. ʻAe kēia i nā pūnaewele e hoʻomaʻa i ka manawa, hoʻonui a resorbing e hou hou.
Hoihoi ia!Kupaianaha nā hopena o ia ʻano hoʻololi ʻauhau. Inā ʻo nā ʻano dinosaur Cretaceous he ʻano mana ʻole o nā ʻano mākua ʻē aʻe, ua kū mua ka emi o ka like ʻole ma mua o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Triceratops kekahi o nā koena hope loa o nā holoholona nui. He kū hoʻokahi ia no ka nui o kāna mau mōʻī ponoʻī i nā makahiki.
Ke loiloi hou ʻia nei nā ʻano dinosaur he nui ma muli o ka hiki i nā Trgatatops. Loaʻa nā fibroblast hoola i ka Triceratops ridge sheathing. He mea nui nui kēia e pono ai no ka punctures mai nā hoa paio duel a i ʻole mai nā carnivores nunui. ʻAʻole nō i hoʻokumu pono nā ʻepekema inā pono ia ʻano mea hana e hōʻike i ka mana, ka lāhui, ke kuleana, a i ʻole i ka manawa like.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka Triceratops 'Hellscream Formation kahi ʻāpana o Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, a me Wyoming. ʻO kēia kahi o nā wahi pā-palolo, nā pōhaku lepo a me nā pōhaku one, i kuʻi ʻia e nā kahawai a me nā delta, aia ma ka hopena o ka Cretaceous a i ka hoʻomaka o ka Paleogene. ʻO ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ke kai komohana komohana. ʻO ke aniau i loko o kēia wā he akahai a subtropical.
ʻAiʻai Triceratops
ʻO Triceratops kahi mea kanu lāʻau me 432 a 800 mau niho i ka waha e like me ka nuku. Kuhi ʻia kahi pili o kāna mau ā a me nā niho i ka loaʻa iā ia he mau haneli o nā niho ma muli o ke kū hou ʻana. Ua nau ʻia paha ʻo Triceratops i nā ferns a me nā cicadas. Kūpono kona mau niho no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu fibrous.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Velociraptor (lat.Velociraptor)
- ʻO Stegosaurus (Lūkini Stegosaurus)
- Tarbosaurus (lat.Tarbosaurus)
- ʻO Pterodactyl (Latin Pterodactylus)
- Megalodon (lat.Cararodon megalodon)
Ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka iwi ā, loaʻa nā "battery" o 36-40 kolamu o nā niho. Aia kēlā me kēia kolamu mai 3 a 5 mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui aku ka nui o nā niho. ʻIke ʻia ka mea nui o ke kūapo ʻana iā lākou a me ke koʻikoʻi i ka nui e hōʻike ana he pono e hoʻopau ʻo Triceratops i kahi nui o nā mea kanu paʻakikī.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili pololei o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā dinosaurs Triceratops.
