ʻO Burbot, a i ʻole mea liʻiliʻi (Lota lota) kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o ka inoa hoʻokahi, ka iʻa papa ʻo Ray-finned a me ka ʻohana Cod. ʻO ia wale nō ka iʻa iʻa hou mai ke kauoha Codfish (Gadiformes). ʻOkoʻa i ka waiwai kalepa.
Ka wehewehe o burbot
ʻO Burbot kahi ʻano wale nō o ka genus Burbot mai ka ʻohana Lotinae... Na nā kānaka noiʻi kūloko āpau, no ka ʻohana Lotidae Bonaparte ka genus o burbot, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manaʻo o ka hapa nui o nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka monotypicity. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau ʻepekema Lūkini i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau mea lawelawe:
- burbot maʻamau (Lota lota lota) - kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia a hiki i ka muliwai o ka Lena;
- burbot huelo maikaʻi (Lota lota leptura) - e noho ana ma Siberia mai ke kahawai ʻo Kara a hiki i nā wai o ke kahawai ʻo Bering, ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAtika o Alaska a hiki i ka muliwai Mackenzie.
ʻO Controversial ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā lālā Lota lota maculosa, nona nā lunamakaʻāinana e noho nei ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika. ʻO ka helehelena o waho, a me ke ʻano o ke ola o nā burbots, hōʻike he ʻano relict kēlā iʻa, mālama ʻia mai ka wā Ice.
Helehelena
He kino elongated a haʻahaʻa hoʻi ko Burbot, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao mua a ʻemi iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao hope. Pālahalaha ke poʻo, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona lōʻihi ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. Liʻiliʻi ka maka. Nui ka waha, hapa haʻahaʻa, me ka iwi ā lalo, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke poʻo o ka coulter a ma nā iwi ā, aia nā niho liʻiliʻi e like me ka hulu, ʻoiai lākou e hele ʻole ana ma ka leʻa. Loaʻa i ka ʻūlū kahi antena pālua ʻole, e hana ana ma kahi o 20-30% o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Aia kekahi mau antennae ma ka iwi ā luna o ka iʻa.
Pili pono ke kala o ke kino o burbot i nā ʻano o ka lepo, a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana a me ka pae o ka transparency o ka wai. ʻAʻohe mea nui ka makahiki o ka iʻa no ke kala, no laila he ʻano like ʻole ke kala o nā unahi, akā ʻo ka hapanui he mau kānaka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kala, e hoʻomālamalama me ka makahiki.
Ma nā peʻa pālua ʻole a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke kino, aia mau nā wahi nui o ke kala māmā. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ʻano a me ka nui o ia mau kiko, akā māmā mau ka ʻōpū a me nā wili o nā iʻa.
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o ka inoa like i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lua o nā ʻāpana dorsal. Pōkole ka fin mua, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka fin anal e ka lōʻihi. Me ka lua o ka fin dorsal, kokoke lākou i ka caudal fin, akā ʻaʻohe pili. Poepoe nā pectoral fins. Aia nā wīwī pelvic i ka puʻu, ma mua pono o nā pectorals. ʻO ka hihi ʻelua, no ka pelvic fin, ua hoʻonui ʻia i loko o kahi filament lōʻihi lōʻihi, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā huna ʻino. Hoʻopoepoe ʻia ka caudal fin.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO nā hōʻailona maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha i loaʻa i nā burbots o ka pahu Ob, kahi kokoke i ka nui o ka ulu ulu ʻana i ka burily Vilyui, a ʻo nā mākua nui loa, he 17-18 kg ke kaumaha, noho i nā wai o ka muliwai Lena.
ʻO nā unahi o kahi ʻano cycloid, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka nui, uhi pono i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, a me kahi ʻāpana o ke poʻo poʻo mai luna, a hiki i ka uhi o ka ʻūhā a me nā puka ihu. Hoʻonui ʻia ka laina ʻaoʻao piha i ka peduncle caudal a laila ʻoi aku, akā hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 110-120 cm. I nā waihona kūlohelohe like ʻole, kūlike ʻole nā hana ulu linear.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO Burbot no ka mahele o nā iʻa e hana wale i ka wai anuanu, a ʻo ka hānau ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hana ʻia mai Kēkēmapa a i nā makahiki he 10 i hala o Ianuali a i Pepeluali paha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui ia i ka wā hoʻoilo e hāʻule ai ka piko o ka hana o ka burbot makua. ʻO kahi predator wai, makemake ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona pō wale nō, e ʻimi pinepine ma lalo loa.
ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu loa nā ʻano lunamaka o ka iʻa Ray-finned papa a me nā ʻohana ʻIke wale ʻo Codfish i nā wai i ʻoi aku ka wela ma mua o 11-12e pili anaMAI... Ke hele a mahana ka wai i loko o kā lākou mau wahi noho, lethargic pinepine ka burbots, a like ko lākou kūlana me ka hibernation maʻamau.
ʻAʻole hele kula ʻo Burbot i ka iʻa, eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama pū kekahi mau kakini i hoʻokahi manawa ma kahi noho. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o burbot i ka nui e makemake e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kaʻawale wale nō. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kau kau, e ʻimi nei ka iʻa i mau lua nona iho a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo ʻana e hāmare i waena o nā lua nui.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o kekahi o kā lākou ʻano hana, hiki i nā burbots makua ke lele i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau pule.
Makemake nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka hui Codfish i nā wahi me nā punawai anuanu. ʻAʻole makemake kēlā iʻa i ka mālamalama, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻoluʻolu i nā pō mahina māmā. I nā lā wela nui, hoʻōki nā burbots i ka hānai ʻana a pau, a i ke ao a i ʻole ke anuanu ke nānā lākou no ka mea pio i ka pō.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o burbot
ʻOiai ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu loa a ma kahi nohona maikaʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā burbots ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Burbot e ka mahele o ka circumpolar. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa nā lunamaka o ka ʻohana Cod i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ka wai o ka Moana Arctic. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā koena o nā burbots a kokoke i nā wahi āpau, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou nā iʻa i loko o nā waihona kūlohelohe. Kūlike kekahi kūlana like no Pelekiuma. I kekahi mau wahi o Kelemania, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā burbots, akā loaʻa mau ʻia i loko o nā wai o ka muliwai o ka Danube, Elbe, Oder a me Rhine. Ke mālama ʻia nei nā papahana e pili ana i ka hoʻolauna hou ʻana o ka burbot ma UK a me Kelemania.
Kūleʻa ʻo Burbot i nā kino wai kūlohelohe o Suedena, Nolewai, Pinilana, Estonia, Lituania a me Latvia, akā heʻuʻuku kā lākou helu ma nā loko Finnish. I nā kino wai o Finilana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻemi o ka heluna nui o nā heluna kanaka, no ka haumia o ka wahi noho a me kā lākou eutrophication. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kumu o ka emi o ka helu e hoʻopili i ka acidification o ka wai a me ke ʻano o nā ʻano malihini, kahi e pani nei i nā ʻōiwi.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o ka waihona burbot o Slovenia e hoʻopili ʻia i ka wai o Drava a me Lake Cerknica. I ka Czech Republic, noho nā lunamakaʻā o nā genus i nā kahawai ʻo Ohře a me Morava. I Lūkia, hāʻawi ʻia nā burbots kokoke i nā wahi āpau o ka wai o nā ʻāpana me ka wela, i nā kīʻaha o ka White, Baltic, Barents, Caspian a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele, a me nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai ʻo Siberian.
ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ka pae o burbot e hōʻike ʻia e ka hau kai o ke kai. Loaʻa nā kānaka i kekahi mau wahi o ka Yamal Peninsula, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Taimyr a me Novosibirsk, i loko o nā wai o ke kahawai Ob-Irtysh a me Lake Baikal. Loaʻa pinepine nā lunamaka o nā laha i ke kīʻaha o ka Amur a me ke Kai melemele, a he mea maʻamau ia ma nā Shantar Islands a me Sakhalin.
Meaʻai Burbot
No ka iʻa i lalo karnivorous ʻo Burbot, no laila ke hōʻike ʻia nei kā lākou papaʻai e nā poʻe o lalo o nā kino wai... Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōpio ma lalo o ka makahiki ʻelua e ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻūlū lūlū, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā ilo, a me nā hua iʻa like ʻole. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā kānaka ulu liʻiliʻi i nā rana, i kā lākou larva a me nā hua manu. Me nā makahiki, lilo nā burbots i mau predators weliweli, a ʻo kā lākou papaʻai he iʻa nui ka nui, a ʻo ka nui e hiki ai i kahi hapakolu o kā lākou nui ponoʻī.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka papaʻai o ka burbot makua hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻo ia mau predator benthic, ʻoiai nā nui nui loa, makemake e hānai i ka crayfish a me nā ilo. I nā lā wela nui, hoʻōki nā burbots i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai āpau, a hoʻāʻo e hūnā i nā wahi wai anuanu o nā waihona kūlohelohe. Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo o ke kau anuanu e nā loli i ka lawena a me ka meaʻai o nā lunamaka wai wai o ka ʻohana cod. Haʻalele ka iʻa i ko lākou wahi hoʻomoana a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻimi ʻimi no ka meaʻai wale nō i ka pō.
ʻO ka pinepine, i ka ʻimi ʻimi no ka mea pio, kipa aku nā burbots i nā wahi pāpaʻu. Hoʻonui ka makemake o kahi predator aquatic nui nui me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ke ʻano mahana o ka wai a me nā kūlana o ka emi o nā hola o ke ao. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau hoʻoilo, minnows, loach a me nā ruffs, kahi hapa o ka hiamoe, lilo i pio no burbot. ʻO nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā carps crusian, e noʻonoʻo nui, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ai iā lākou i ka waha o kahi mea ʻino i ka pō.
Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ka burbling burbot, hiki loa ke hoʻoholo he makemake ka mea predatory wai e hopu i nā mea pio i ʻaneʻane ʻia e kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino, a laila ale wale ia me ka hana ʻole i nā neʻe koke. ʻO kēlā me kēia mau lunamaka o ka ʻoka Codfish kahi ʻano maikaʻi o ka honi a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana iki ʻia ka ʻike e kahi mea ʻino wai.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki iā Burbot ke ʻai i nā holoholona palaho, e ale wale ana i nā iʻa spiny loa ma ke ʻano o ka sticklebacks a me ka ruff, a ʻo ka mea hope loa kahi punahele a me nā mea maʻamau i loaʻa i ka mea neʻe i ka wai i ka pō.
Hiki i nā Burbots ke honi a hoʻolohe i kā lākou mea pio ma kahi mamao loa. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau hoʻoilo, hoʻopau loa nā burbots i ka hānai ʻana. Ma hope o ka helu piha piha ʻana, mau lā wale nō a i hoʻokahi pule wale nō, e hoʻomaka ana ka wā o ka hena ʻana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka heluna kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka cod ma mua o ka huina wahine... Ua hōʻea ʻo Burbot i ke kūlana moekolohe i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha.
Pālua nā kāne me nā wahine a hānai i nā hua i kau ʻia. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa ke loaʻa i ka caviar makua. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, nui a liʻiliʻi nā lāhui i ka manawa like e noho i nā kino wai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hope ka ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o nā unahi. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka loko ma mua o nā muliwai. Hoʻomaʻu wale lākou i nā hua ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i kahi lōʻihi o 30-35 cm, a loaʻa ke kaumaha ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika. Piʻi koke nā ʻōpio, no laila i Iune nā kīʻaha āpau i puka mai nā hua i ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ka nui o 7-9 cm.
ʻO ka mea mua e hele i nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha ʻana ka mea ʻoi loa a ʻoi loa o ka poʻe, hiki ke ʻākoakoa i nā hui liʻiliʻi he ʻumi a iwakālua iʻa. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo ka manawa kēia o nā burbots waena e hoʻonui i ka hua. ʻO ka iʻa ʻōpio ka mea hope loa e hele i ka pūnaewele hoʻouluulu, e hoʻopili ana i nā kula o aneane hoʻokahi haneli hanana. Hele mālie nā burbots o uka a ʻo ka nui wale i ka pō. ʻO nā wahi pāpaʻu me ka lepo paʻa paʻa i lilo i wahi ʻoi loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! A hiki i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, hūnā nā ʻōpio o nā ʻūlū i nā pōhaku, a i ke kauwela o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, hele a hohonu ka iʻa i nā wahi silty, akā loaʻa wale nā ʻano predatory i ka wā ʻōpio.
ʻO nā wahine, nā lunamakaʻā o nā iʻa cod predatory, ʻike ʻia e ka momona maikaʻi loa. Hiki i kekahi wahine makua makua wahine ke hanau keiki ma kahi o ka hapalua miliona mau hua. ʻO nā hua o ka burbot i kahi ʻano melemele ʻano nui a liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka nui. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o ka hua manu ma waena o 0.8-1.0 mm. ʻOiai ka nui o nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia, ʻo ka heluna nui o nā kānaka o burbot he liʻiliʻi loa i kēia manawa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole hānau nā hua a pau i ka palai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ola nā ʻōpio a pau o ka hoʻopihapiha a i ʻole e oʻo makua. ʻO nā kānaka he nui mai nā keiki he meaʻai no kekahi poʻe noho i lalo o ka wai, e like me ka perch, goby, ruff, bream kālā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I ke kau wela, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka burbots i ka hana, no laila lilo lākou i pio no nā iʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā burbots makua a ʻoi aku ka nui, a ʻo ke kumu nui e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka lehulehu ka hopu ʻana o ia iʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia lā, aia nā burbots e noho ana i nā kino wai ma Netherlands ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make loa, a ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka i ka wai kahawai o Biesbosche, Krammere a me Volkerak, ma nā loko o Ketelmeer a me IJsselmeer. Ma ʻAukekulia a me Palani, he ʻano nāwaliwali nā burbots, a ua paʻa ka lehulehu i kēia manawa ma Seine, Rhone, Meuse, Loire a me Moselles, a me nā wai o kekahi mau loko mauna kiʻekiʻe. I nā kahawai a me nā loko o Switzerland, kūpaʻa ka heluna kanaka burbot.
Mea nui! He hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻohaumia a me nā lula o nā kahawai, i ka helu o nā mea hōkai wai hou. Aia kekahi mau kumu maikaʻi ʻole ʻē aʻe.
Kūleʻa lākou i ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa Hema a hōʻike i kahi pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā burbots. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Slovenia, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana o burbot, a ma Bulgaria ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mea ʻiʻo wai i ke kūlana "Rare species".
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Carp kālā kala
- Salemona ʻākala
- Lāʻau pinepine
- Tuna
Ma Hunagaria, he ʻano ʻino nāwaliwali nā ʻelele o ka codfish wai hou, a ma Polani ka huina nui o ka burbot i hōʻole nui loa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
Waiwai kālepa
Kūpono ʻia ʻo Burbot he iʻa kālepa waiwai me ka ʻono momona a ʻono hoʻi, a ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana a i ʻole kahi waiho manawa pōkole, hiki ke lilo koke i kāna ʻono maikaʻi loa. ʻO ke ake nui o ka burbot nui ka mea nui i mahalo nui ʻia, momona a momona hoʻi i nā wikamina like ʻole.
