ʻO Pike perch (Sander) he ʻelele o ka genus o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻohana perch (Percidae). He iʻa i makemake nui ʻia ka iʻa Ray-finned o ka lawaiʻa amateur, ʻoihana kālepa a me nā haʻuki. Mai ka manaʻo o ke kūlana taxonomic, aia kekahi mau ʻano kokoke loa me ka like o waho, nā ʻano maʻamau, ka manawa e hānau ai a me nā ʻano hānai. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa paha kēlā iʻa i ka nohona a me nā koi maʻamau no ke kaiapuni.
Ka wehewehe o zander
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā noiʻi o nā ʻano lunamakaʻāinana o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā i puka ai ka pike perch i ka wā Pliocene, a ʻo ka ʻāina hānau ʻo ia ka ʻāina o Siberia. ʻO nā fossil i ʻike ʻia i hōʻoia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kaʻina o ka loiloi lōʻihi ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā loli i ʻike ʻia, akā ua loli maoli nā wahi noho, no laila hiki ke loaʻa i kēia manawa ka wai wai paʻakai a me ka paʻakai paʻakai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Aia nā niho ʻāʻī ma nā ā ā o ka pike perch, me nā iʻa e lālau a paʻa pono i ka mea pio... ʻO ka nui o nā canine i nā kāne makua o ka pike perch ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā ʻano moekolohe nui. Ma waho aʻe o nā canine, ʻike ʻia nā iwi ā o ka ichthyophage kahiko e ke alo o nā niho liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi loa.
Helehelena
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano laha, nā loli kūwaho o ka pike perch loli:
- Pīkī-hulu pike Loaʻa iā ia ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 107 cm, me ka nui ma waena o 11.3 kg. He kino elongated, kāwili ʻia kēia ʻano i uhi ʻia me nā unahi ctenoid, i loaʻa i ka compression lateral me ka makahiki. ʻO ka waha nui a paʻa hoʻi he mau niho like me ka canine ma nā iwi ā. Aia kekahi mau peʻa dorsal ma ke kino, a notched ka caudal fin. Aia ke kala o ke kino mai ka ʻoliva a i ka brown brown a me ka melemele. Keʻokeʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻōpū. Keokeo ka lihi o ka ʻāpana caudal;
- Pā pike maʻamau he iʻa nui aʻe. Wahi a nā ʻike kūhelu, ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia kanaka nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻoi aku i ka mika a kaupaona a 10-15 kg, akā aia nō paha he mau hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe. I nā kāne makua, ua kau ʻia nā niho ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine wahine makua.
- Kanaka zander Kanada Loaʻa iā ia ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 50-76 cm, me ka nui ma 3-4 kg. ʻO kēia laha he kino kālapa ʻia i uhi ʻia me nā unahi ctenoid a me nā lua o nā dorsal fins. ʻO nā pelvic fins o ka ʻano thoracic a aia ma lalo o nā pectorals. Kuhi ʻia ka pahu caudal. ʻEleʻele ka hapa nui o ke kino, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka fin dorsal mua he mau lālani oblique o nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Aia kahi kiko ʻeleʻele kokoke i ke kumu o ka pectoral fin, a ʻaʻohe wahi kukui ma ka ʻūpā caudal;
- Piko perch Volzhsky he uuku kona nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi iʻa mākua i 40-45 cm, me ke kaupaona ma ke kaha o 1.2-2.9 kg. I ka helehelena, ua like loa ka Volga pike perch me kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, akā ʻokoʻa lākou, ʻaʻohe ʻano iʻa e like me nā iʻa. Loaʻa nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano i nā wai o ka muliwai Caspian, ʻEleʻele a me Azov, a hele pū i ka wai o ke kai Caspian. Makemake nā Burshes e mālama i nā pūʻolo;
- Pā pike kai he lōʻihi o kona kino i ka laulā o 50-62 cm, me ka nui a hiki i 1.8-2.0 kg. Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kino a hoʻokuʻi liʻiliʻi ʻia. ʻO ka waha nui, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka perch pike maʻamau. ʻAʻole hele aku ka iwi ā luna ma waho o ka pākū o ka ʻaoʻao ocular hope. Aia nā niho kini ma nā iwi ā. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānaka āpau o ka lehulehu Caspian e nā ʻāpana dorsal i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi āpau liʻiliʻi.
No nā ʻelele o ke Kai ʻEleʻele o kēia ʻano, ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻāpana dorsal. Hoʻopili pū ka laina ʻaoʻao i ka fin caudal. ʻO kaʻokoʻa nui mai ka pike perch maʻamau ke anawaena liʻiliʻi o nā maka, a me ka ʻole o nā unahi ma ka papalina a me kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kukuna palupalu ma ka fin anal. Māmā ke kino i ke kala. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o kēlā iʻa he mau kahakaha ʻeleʻele 12-13. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka caudal a me nā lua o ka dorsal.
Hoihoi ia! Ma waho aʻe o nā hunaola mālamalama photoreceptor o ka retina, hāʻawi ʻia nā pike perch e kahi kūlohelohe me kahi papa vascular kūikawā - ka tapetum, i hōʻike ʻia e nā pūnaewele pālahalaha i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā aniani kilohi kukui microscopic.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Ma ko lākou ʻano o ke ola, ʻo ka pike perch he mau mea ʻaihue maʻamau. ʻAi nui nā lunamaka o nā laha āpau i ka iʻa, akā hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi loa ke ʻai pū i nā invertebrates wai. ʻIke nui ka iʻa i uhi ʻia no ka ʻohana perch i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai wai a me ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau kauā, i loaʻa pololei ʻia i loko o nā kino o ka wai maoli.
I ka wā mahana o ka makahiki, mālama ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi hohonu o 2-5 m. ʻEleʻele ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus ʻaʻole wale i ke ao, akā i ka pō hoʻi. Ma muli o ke kūʻana o kahi papa hōʻike i hope o ka retina, hiki i ka iʻa ke alualu kūpono me ke kukui haʻahaʻa loa. I ka pō, hele aku nā lunamakaʻā o ka genus i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, a hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke alualu ma kahi kokoke o ka wai. I kēia manawa, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaua", hele pū me nā ʻano a me nā huhū "goofy" nui.
I ke ao, e neʻe i ka pike perch i nā wahi hohonu o ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, makemake nā iʻa i lalo i ka one a i ʻole ka ʻiliʻili i lalo, keu hoʻi inā ma nā wahi he nui nā mea i ke ʻano o ka driftwood a me nā pōhaku. Hoʻohana ʻia ia mau pale e like me kahi hoʻohālua, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka ʻimi holoholona. Kūpaʻa loa ʻo Pike perch i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke kū o ka pike perch i loko o ka waihona wai kūlohelohe e hōʻike mau nei i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e ʻae nā iʻa iʻa i nā haumia iki.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka lawena a me ka nohona. ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pike perch Kanada ma ke ʻano he iʻa wai hou. Noho nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano ʻaʻole wale i ka liʻiliʻi, akā i nā kahawai nui kūpono hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa, loaʻa nā iʻa lawa lawa ʻole i loko o nā wai o nā loko a me nā waihona wai. No kahi hapa nui o ko lākou ola, ʻo ka pīkoi ʻo Pike perch ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi nohona noho wale, akā i ka wā o ka spawning, ʻo ia mau iʻa ke neʻe lōʻihi mai ko lākou wahi noho a i nā kahua hānau. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻi ka iʻa i ko lākou wahi maoli o ka waihona wai.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka zander
ʻO ke ola keu o nā walleyes he ʻumikūmāwalu makahiki, akā ʻo ka hapanui o ka manawa e kaupalena ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumikūmālima.
ʻ .iwi Zander
I kēia manawa, ʻelima wale nō ʻano o ka pike perch i ʻike ʻia.
- Hulu māmā a pika melika paha (Sander vitreus);
- Pike pch perch (Sander lucioperca);
- Sandy a Kanada paha pike perch (Sander canadensis);
- Bersh, a i ʻole Volga pike perch (Sander volgensis);
- Moana pike perch (Sander marinus).
I nā kino wai o Lūkia, loaʻa ʻelua mau ʻano i kēia manawa - he mau kēia a me Volga pike perch, a i ʻole bersh. He mea nui ia ma ke kahakai o Azov a ma ka Don, ua kaulana ka inoa kūloko no ka pike perch - sula.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ka pike perch pike perch ma ʻAmelika Hema mai Quebec a i ka ʻākau komohana o Kanada. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Pike perch o kēia ʻano i loko o nā waihona wai kūlohelohe a puni ʻo ʻAmelika. ʻO ka pike perch maʻamau kahi lunamakaʻāinana nui o nā iʻa wai hou ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano pike perch i nā ipu muliwai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, Baltic a me Azov, a ʻo ke kai Caspian a me Aral, Lake Balkhash a me Issyk-Kul, ma kekahi kai o nā loko a me nā wahi desalinated.
ʻO ka pike-perch Kanada kekahi o nā ʻano laha a ākea loa ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika. Loaʻa nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano mai ka ʻōnaehana loko-wai o St. Lawrence a me nā waihona kūlohelohe o ka ʻōnaehana mauna ʻo Appalachian a i ke komohana komohana o Alberta.
Ua palahalaha aku ke kai pike perch i nā wai o ke kai Caspian a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o ke Kai ʻEleʻele. ʻO ka iʻa kai e noho ana i ke kai Caspian e hōʻalo mau i nā wahi desalinated loa. I loko o nā wai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ʻike nui ʻia nā lunamaka o kēia laha ma nā wahi o ka lua wai ʻo Dnieper-Bug a me nā muliwai muliwai.
Pike perch ʻai
ʻO ka iʻa pike mālamai kahi iʻa iʻa predatory, a me ka hua o kēia ʻano i kuapo i ke ʻano kūwaho o ka hānai ʻana me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 0.8-0.9 cm. Ma hope o ke kino o nā ʻōpio i hōʻea i 10-20 mm, hoʻololi ka iʻa i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻano larzh benthic āpau o nā ʻano meaola like ʻole, me nā chironomids, amphipods a me nā mayflies. Me ka hoʻomohala a me ka ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e predominate i ka papaʻai o ka ʻōpio zander.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, noʻonoʻo ʻole ka pike perch a hiki i kekahi manawa ke lele i waho o ka wai a hiki i kahakai, kahi a lākou e make ai.
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā ʻelele o ka laha laha nui ka pike perch iʻa me ka kino ololi. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo ka mea pio o ia iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia he gobies, blak a tulka hoʻi, a me nā minnows. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia koho meaʻai ka puʻu haiki kūlohelohe. ʻO ka pike perch ʻo Kanada kekahi predator aquatic maʻamau e hānai nui i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻO Volga pike perch, me nā pike perch maʻamau, hānai pinepine i nā ʻōpio iʻa, a ʻo ka nui o nā nui o nā pio i loaʻa mai 0.5-10 cm.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻOkoʻa ka makahiki oʻo o nā laha āpau i ka ʻāpana o ka pae. ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻākau, nā ʻelele o ka lāʻano Light-feathery pike perch oʻo no ka manawa mua ma ka makahiki 8-12, a ma ka panalāʻau o nā wahi hema, ua oʻo kolohe nā kānaka i ka makahiki 2-4. Hanau ka iʻa Hema i ka makahiki i ka puna, ma hope o ka heheʻe ʻana o ka hau, i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala o Ianuali a me Pepeluali. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, hānau keiki a hiki i Iulai.
ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā gonad e pili pono i kahi ʻano mahana, no laila, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahana o ka wai ma ka hoʻoilo ma mua o 10 ° C. Ma ka hema wahi, i ka hoʻoilo mehana, ua lele nā mea hana i ka makahiki e hānau ana. Hānau nā wahine i nā hua i ka pō a i kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kahi wā ʻelima mau minuke maʻamau. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka momona laulā o ka pike perch māmā kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o nā ʻelele āpau o nā iʻa wai hou.
ʻO nā hua i kaha ʻia e ka wahine pike-perch liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi, me ke anawaena o 1.3-2.1 mm. Ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana, ka caviar, nona ka palu maikaʻi, hoʻopili maʻalahi i ka lepo o lalo. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka kūleʻa o ka momona ma hope. Ma hope koke o ke kaʻina hoʻouluulu, paʻakikī koke ka hua moa, a nalowale ka paleko ma hope o 1-5 mau hola. ʻAʻole pale nā mākua i nā keiki a me nā hua ponoʻī, a no kēia kumu ke ola o nā hua manu, a me nā ʻōpio ma lalo o ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi pākēneka.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka pike perch spawns pinepine i ka puna, ke piʻi ka mahana o ka wai i 11-12 kekelē. I nā latitu o ke kai ʻo Azov, hana ʻia ka mānewa ʻana i ʻApelila a me Mei mua. Koho ʻia nā wahi wai papau e like me nā kahua e hoʻoulu ai, ma ke ʻano he rula, me nā kumu wai i hoʻopihapiha ʻia a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻōpala o lalo nui. Kū ka spawning ma kahi hohonu o ka hapalua mika a hiki i ʻelima a ʻeono mika. ʻO ka caviar o ka pike perch liʻiliʻi he liʻiliʻi, melemele. Hānai nā keiki ʻōpio i ka mua i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi.
Ma hope o ka nui o ka pike perch hiki i 8-10 knm, ua ʻaneʻane hoʻololi loa nā ʻōpio i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iʻa o kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa i ka nui i ke kauwela. ʻO ka hanai hānai ʻana, ulu koke nā ʻōpio. Ma lalo o nā kūlana olakino maikaʻi, hiki i nā iʻa ke hōʻea i kahi nui o 500-800 mau gram i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Ua kupu mai nā lunamakaainana o ka laha i ka makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā o ke ola. I ka hoʻoilo, mālama pinepine ʻia ka pike perch i loko o nā lua, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻohui me nā iʻa carp, me ka bream a me ka carp.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai nui o ka pike perch i ko lākou wahi noho nā skygazers a me auha. ʻO ka zander mākua i loko o nā kino wai kūlohelohe, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole ʻike i ka nohona ikaika, ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. Mālama mau nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka hapanui i kahi pūʻulu a i ʻole i kapa ʻia he mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, e hoʻopakele pinepine iā lākou mai nā hoʻouka kaua a nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Tench iʻa
- Pike iʻa
- Iʻa Pollock
- ʻO Goldfish
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ke kai pike perch kahi ʻano i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book ma ka ʻāina ʻo Ukraine. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ke koena o nā laha.
Waiwai kālepa
Pike perch waiwai nui a kaulana iʻa iʻa kālepa, a he mea no ka huli holoholona hihiu pū kekahi. Manaʻo ʻia kaʻiʻo Zander kahi huaʻai momona a olakino hoʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona. I kekahi mau ʻāina, i kēia lā ʻo ka hopu nui a nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano iʻa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia he palena maoli ia.
