ʻO Trout kahi inoa e hui pū i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano iʻa iʻa hou i ka manawa hoʻokahi, no ka ʻohana Salmonidae. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Trout i ʻekolu o nā hanauna ʻehiku o ka ʻohana i kēia manawa: char (Salvelinus), salmon (Salmo) a me salmon Pakipika (Oncorhynchus).
Hōʻike Trout
Kaʻana like ʻo Trout i kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau... Ma ka ʻumi o ko lākou kino nui, aia ma lalo o ka laina ʻaoʻao a ma ke alo o ka piko, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia mai ka fin dorsal, aia he 15-24 unahi. ʻO ka helu o nā unahi ma luna o ka anal anal ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻumikūmākolu a ʻumikūmāiwa umikūmāiwa. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa mai nā ʻaoʻao a i nā kekelē like ʻole, a ʻo ka ihu pōkole he truncation ʻano. He nui nā niho o ka coulter.
Helehelena
Pili pono ke ʻano o kahi iʻa i ka pono o kēia iʻa i kahi ʻano.
- Iʻa trout - kahi iʻa i hiki ke ulu ma mua o ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi, a i ka makahiki he ʻumi, hiki i kekahi kanaka ke kaumaha o ʻumikūmālua kilokika. Kuhi ʻia kēia lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana e ke alo o kahi kino elongated i uhi ʻia me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa, akā naʻe. He peʻa liʻiliʻi ko ka muliwai ʻo Brook trout a me ka waha nui me nā niho he nui;
- Lawai kai trout - kahi iʻa me ke kino ikaika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka muliwai muliwai. Hoʻopili ʻia ke poʻo, no laila ʻike maopopo ʻia ka laina ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ke kala e kahi kua ʻulaʻula-brown, a ʻo kahi ʻaoʻao kālā a me ka ʻōpū. I kekahi manawa ma ka unahi o ka iʻa trout he nui nā kiko ʻeleʻele;
- Iʻa ānuenue - kahi iʻa wai hou i hōʻike ʻia e kahi kino lōʻihi. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o kahi iʻa mākua ma kahi o ʻeono kilokani. Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā kaikunāne e hōʻike ʻia e ke alo o kahi ʻalani ʻalani i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻōpū.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano trout i ka waihoʻoluʻu, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ke ola, akā manaʻo ʻia ka mea kahiko he kala ʻoliva uliuli o ke kua me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a kekahi mau nānā ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka like o ka trout i hānai maikaʻi ʻia me ke kala me ka hapa iki o nā kiko, akā ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa mai kahi wai kūlohelohe i loko o nā wai i hana ʻia a i ʻole ia.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano trout kāna ʻano ponoʻī, akā ʻo ke ʻano a me ka lawena o kēia iʻa i pili pono i nā kūlana anilā, ka nohona, a me nā ʻano o ke kau. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana he nui i kapa ʻia he "brown" trout ke hiki ke neʻe i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻAʻole neʻe ka iʻa i ka honua a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka iʻa o ke kai, akā hiki ke neʻe i luna a i ʻole ke kahe mau i ka wā e hānau ana, hānai ʻana a ʻimi paha i kahi e noho ai. Hiki i ka loko iʻa trout ke hana i kēlā neʻe ʻana.
I ka hoʻoilo, iho i lalo ke kiʻo e iho ana, a makemake hoʻi e noho kokoke i nā punawai a i nā wahi hohonu o nā kahawai, i hiki ke hiki i ka lalo o ka waihona wai. ʻO ka wai puna wai a me nā kahawai i ka pinepine ka ikaika i kēlā mau iʻa e noho kokoke i nā pali kūpikipiki, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, neʻe ikaika ka trout ma lalo o nā wailele, i nā whirlpools a me nā pali kahawai, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā whirlpools e kēia au. I kēlā mau wahi, noho ka trout i kahi noho a me ka mehameha a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka trout
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka lawaiʻa e noho ana i ka wai loko ma mua o kēlā me nā hoa o ka muliwai. Ma ke ʻano he noho, noho ka loko iʻa i mau kekeke he mau makahiki, a no ka poʻe noho muliwai ka hiku o ka makahiki keu.
Hoihoi ia! Ma nā unahi o ka iʻa, aia nā apo lāʻau e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa a loaʻa ke ʻano o kahi mea paʻakikī e ulu ana ma nā kihi. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau apo lāʻau e hoʻomaulia i ka makahiki o ka iʻa.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOkoʻa nā kāne makua i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūwaho mai nā wahine makua kāne. ʻO ka maʻamau, he kino liʻiliʻi ko ke kāne, he poʻo nui a ʻoi aku nā niho. Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka hopena o ka iwi ā lalo o nā kāne makua, ʻike pinepine ʻia kahi piʻo i luna.
ʻAno Trout
ʻO nā ʻano nui a me nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa i pili i nā moʻokūʻauhau ʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana Salmonidae:
- Loaʻa ka genus Salmo: Adriatic trout (Salmo obtusirostris); ʻO Brook, iʻa iʻa a i ʻole iʻa iʻa brown (Salmo trutta); Iʻa poʻo poʻo pali Tureke (Salmo platycephalus), iʻa kauwela (Salmo letnica); ʻO Marout trout (Salmo trutta marmoratus) a me Amu Darya trout (Salmo trutta oxianus), a ʻo Sevan trout (Salmo ischchan);
- ʻO ka genus Oncorhynchus nā: Arizona trout (Oncorhynchus apache); Clark's salmon (Oncorhynchus clarki); Biwa Trout (Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus); Gil Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae); ʻO Golden Trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita) a ʻo Mykiss (Oncorhynchus mykiss);
- ʻO ka genus Salvelinus (Loaches) nā: Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis; Pali ʻAmelika (Salvelinus fontinalis); Pā poʻo nui (Salvelinus confluentus); Malmö (Salvelinus malma) a me Lake christivomer char (Salvelinus namaycush), a me ka Silver char (Salvelinus fontinalis agassizi) i make.
Mai ka manaʻo o nā genetics, ʻo ia ka iʻa trout ʻoi aku ka heterogeneous i waena o nā vertebrates āpau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka heluna nui o ka trout hihiu Pelekania e nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ka heluna nui o lākou i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui o nā poʻe āpau o ka honua i hui pū ʻia.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka iʻa trout a me ke ānuenue i ka ʻohana Salmonidae, akā he ʻelele lākou o nā moʻokūʻauhau like ʻole a me nā ʻano me nā kūpuna like, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mau hui i mau miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka nohona o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka iʻa nui ka laulā... ʻIke ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana ma nā wahi āpau, kahi e loaʻa ai nā loko me ka wai aniani, nā kahawai kuahiwi a i ʻole nā kahawai. Noho kekahi helu nui i nā kino wai hou ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me ʻEulopa Komohana. He lawaiʻa haʻuki kaulana ʻo Trout ma ʻAmelika a me Nolewai.
Noho ka loko iʻa maʻemaʻe a me nā wai anuanu, kahi e hana pinepine ai i nā hipa a aia ma kahi hohonu. No ka mahele o nā anadromous species ʻo Brook trout, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i ka paʻakai wale nō, akā i loko o nā wai hou, kahi e hui ai kekahi mau mea i ka nui o nā holoholona. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano trout i ka makemake i nā wahi me ke komo ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe a hoʻonui ʻia me ka nui o ka wai oxygen.
Loaʻa nā lunamaka o nā ʻano nūnū ānuenue i loko o ka kapakai Pākīpika, a kokoke i ka ʻĀkau ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i loko o nā kino wai hou. I kēia mau lā, neʻe hewahewa ʻia nā ʻelele o nā laha i nā wai o Australia, Iāpana, Nūhōlani, Madagascar a me ʻApelika Hema, kahi i kū pono ai ke aʻa. ʻAʻole makemake nā trout Rainbow i ka nui o ka lā, no laila e hoʻāʻo lākou e peʻe ma waena o nā snags a i ʻole nā pōhaku i ke ao.
I Lūkia, ʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Salmon ma ka ʻāina o ke Kola Peninsula, i ka wai o nā kīʻaha o ka Baletika, Caspian, Azov, Keʻokeʻo a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele, a me nā kahawai o ka Crimea a me Kuban, i ka wai o Onega, Ladoga, Ilmensky a me Peipsi. Kaulana nui ʻia ʻo Trout i ka mahiʻai lawaiʻa o kēia au a ulu ulu ʻia ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana nui loa.
ʻAi Trout
ʻO Trout kahi ʻano lunamakaʻāinana o nā mea neʻe wai... ʻAi kēlā ʻano iʻa i nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole a me kā lākou larvae, a hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻai i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hua, tadpoles, beetles, molluscs a me nā crustacean pū kekahi. I ka wā o ke kai a Kahinaliʻi, hoʻāʻo ka iʻa e noho kokoke i nā kahakai kahakai, kahi e holoi nui ʻia ai ka wai nui mai ka ʻāina kai mai nā ilo a me nā ʻenuhe i hoʻohana ʻia e nā iʻa no ka meaʻai.
I ke kauwela, koho ʻo trout i nā loko wai hohonu a i ʻole nā kahawai i huli ʻia, a me nā wahi o nā wailele a me nā wahi e hana ai nā wai wai, e ʻae ai i nā iʻa e ʻimi kūpono. Hānai ʻo Trout i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke awakea ahiahi. I ka wā o ka hekili nui, hiki i nā iʻa iʻa ke piʻi aʻe kokoke i ka papa. E pili ana i ka meaʻai, he mea maʻalahi ʻole ka ʻōpio ʻōpio o kēlā me kēia ʻano, a no kēia kumu e ulu wikiwiki ana ia. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻai ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa e ka "ʻai" lele, i hiki ai iā lākou ke ulu i lawa ka momona.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka manawa e hoʻomālamalama ai no ka trout i nā wahi kūlohelohe ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka latitude a me ka mahana o ka wai, a me ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Kū ka ʻōpū ma nā wahi ʻākau me ka wai anuanu. Ma nā panalāʻau o ʻEulopa komohana, ka hū ʻana i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo, a hiki i nā makahiki he 10 i hala o Ianuali, a me nā kahawai o Kuban - i ʻOkakopa. Hele ʻo Yamburg trout e spawn i Kekemapa. Wahi a kekahi mau mea i ʻike ʻia, koho pinepine nā iʻa i nā pō moonlit no ka hānau keiki ʻana, akā ʻo ka piko o ka nui e puka ana i ka wā mai ka napoo ʻana o ka lā a hiki i ka pōʻeleʻele, a me nā hola o ka wanaʻao.
Ua hōʻea ʻo Trout i ke ʻano o ka moekolohe ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki, akā ʻo nā kāne ʻelua mau makahiki a me ka waiū makua. ʻAʻole i hānau nā trout makua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu i ka nui o nā kānaka he mau tausani. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, lawe ʻehā a ʻelima paha makahiki o ka wahine i hoʻokahi mau tausani mau hua, a ʻekolu mau makahiki i hōʻike ʻia i ka loaʻa ʻana o 500 mau hua. I ka wā e lawaiʻa ana, loaʻa i ka iʻa i ke kala hina hina, a lilo i mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula a nalowale loa.
No ka lawaiʻa ʻōhua, koho ʻia nā hāneʻe i loaʻa i ka papa pōhaku a kiko ʻia me nā ʻiliʻili ʻaʻole nui loa. I kekahi manawa ua hiki i nā iʻa ke ʻō aʻe ma luna o nā pōhaku lawa lawa, i nā kūlana o ka gristly a me ka maikaʻi o ke one i lalo. Ma mua pono o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻohana nā wahine i ko lākou huelo e ʻeli i kahi lua oblong a pāpaʻu, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻiliʻili mai ka limu a me ka lepo. ʻO ka wahine e ukali pinepine ʻia e nā kāne i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā hoʻohua ʻia nā hua manu e hoʻokahi kāne me ka waiū makua makua.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki iā Trout ke koho i kahi hoa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka olfactory a me nā ʻano hiʻona, i hiki ai i nā lālā o ka ʻohana Salmonidae ke kiʻi i nā keiki me nā ʻano i makemake ʻia, me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.
Nui ka nui o ka caviar Trout, ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha i ke kala. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano o ka iʻa o ka loko iʻa e ka holoi ʻana i nā hua me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ke anuanu i piha i ka oxygen. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūwaho maikaʻi, ulu ikaika ka fry, a ʻo ka meaʻai no ka fry pū kekahi me daphnia, chironomids, a me nā oligochaetes.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi weliweli loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua manu, ʻo ia nā pikes, nā burbots a me ka hina, a me nā mākua ponoʻī, akā ʻaʻole i ka lawaiʻa makua. Make ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i ka makahiki mua o ke ola. 95% a ʻoi paha nā helu make ma waena o kēia wā. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua emi kēia mea hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o 40-60%. ʻO nā ʻenemi primordial o ka iʻa trout, me ka pike, burbot a me ka hina, he sila a he bea kekahi.
Waiwai kālepa
He iʻa kālepa waiwai ʻo Trout. ʻO ka lawaiʻa kālepa ka lōʻihi o ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano he nui, e like me ka Sevan.
I kēia lā, ke hana nei nā iʻa trout he nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka iʻa o ka ʻohana Salmon, e hānai ana i nā lunamaka o nā ʻano laha like ʻole i nā pā mahi manu a me nā mahi iʻa kūikawā. Ua hiki i kekahi mau hānau o ka iʻa hānai i hana maʻalahi ʻia e noho i nā ʻano hana i hana ʻia no ka ʻoi aku o kanakolu hanauna, a ua lilo ʻo Nolewai i alakaʻi i loko o ia ʻano salmon hānau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Pilikia loa ʻo Trout i ka hoʻololi i ke aniau a me ka hoʻomehana honua, i wehewehe ʻia e ka hilinaʻi o ka heluna kanaka i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai anuanu a maʻemaʻe hoʻi. Ma nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe, aia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma nā pae ʻokoʻa o ke ola o ia iʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hopu ʻana o nā poʻe hana reproductive i ka heluna poʻe trout.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Mackerel
- Pollock
- Saika
- Kaluga
Ua hōʻike pono ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana i mālama ʻia e nā ʻepekema ma nā loko ʻo Sekotia e hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna lehulehu o nā trout ke kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka awelika o ka nui a me ke kaupaona o nā mākua, a me nā mea like ʻole i ke ʻano o nā ʻauwaha, nā overpass a me nā dam e kaohi ana i ke komo i ke kahua e lawaiʻa ai a me kahi noho. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokau ʻia ke kai iʻa i ke kūlana mālama mālama waena.
