ʻO Thrushes nā ʻelele o nā manu mai ke kaʻina o passerines. He ʻano kū hoʻokahi ko Thrushes a me kona ʻano nohona; he wahi noho kā lākou, kahi a lākou e makemake ai e pūnana a hānai keiki. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano thrush, ke ola nei kēlā me kēia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.
Hōʻike o blackbirds
ʻO Thrushes nā ʻano manu nūhou maʻamau maʻamau... Makemake lākou e noho i kekahi mau kihi o ka ʻāina i ke kau mahana, a i nā wā hoʻoilo lele i nā ʻano noho maikaʻi hou aku. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua.
Helehelena
He nui ka nui o nā kino o Thrushes, ka mea i like ka lōʻihi mai 18 a 28 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou mau ʻeheu lahilahi he 35-40 cm. Akā ʻokoʻa ka mahele kaumaha o nā manu a pili i ka ʻano. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mau manu ke hōʻea i ke kino o 40 g, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke kau a 100 g. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā maka ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka meaʻai pono lākou e kuli i ko lākou poʻo i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Thrushes mai nā manu ʻēheu ʻē aʻe e ko lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona waho.
He kikina hina ʻeleʻele a melemele liʻiliʻi paha lākou me nā puka ihu hāmama a me nā plumage akahele, i loko o nā manu he nui o ke ʻano o nā passerines. Hinahina kekahi ʻano lihi me kahi kiko luhi, a ua hānau ʻia kekahi me ka plumage ʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā ʻeheu me nā hulu pōkole ma luna. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka huelo huinahā e 12 hulu huelo. Pōkole nā wāwae, akā ikaika loa, me nā pāho horny i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hopena.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He ʻano paʻakikī ko ka manu, hoʻomaha ʻole pinepine. I kekahi kūlana pilikia, panic ka manu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kaua ʻana i ka ʻohana, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e uē me ka hopohopo me nā amplitude liʻiliʻi a kū. ʻO Thrush kahi manu neʻe i lele aku no ka hoʻoilo no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe i kona hiki ʻole a i ʻole, no ka mea, hana ka manu i nā mea āpau a hiki ʻole ke nānā mālie.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o nā manu i ka honua e ʻimi i ka meaʻai e heʻe ana me nā hoʻomaha nui ma hope o kekahi. I ka wā mehana o ka manawa, hoʻi lākou i ko lākou wahi ma mua o ka noho ʻoluʻolu i nā hipa a i ʻole ʻo lākou wale nō. Me kahi makahiki hua, ʻaʻole wikiwiki nā manu i ka hoʻoilo, a i ʻole noho lākou no ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o ko lākou noho kauwela.
Mea nui! Hoʻohui pū nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi lele hoʻokahi me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i kekahi mau lunamaka o ka pūʻolo ke hele a ʻauana ma hope o ke alakaʻi. ʻAʻole kēia makaʻu i nā manu, a hoʻomau lākou i ka lele i kahi i manaʻo ʻia.
Noho ʻo Thrushes i nā pūnana, i kūkulu ʻia i ka pūnāwai ma nā kumu a me nā kumulāʻau. I kekahi mau hihia, makemake lākou e noho pono ma ka honua, akā inā ʻaʻohe mea ʻaihue i ko lākou wahi noho.
Ehia mau ʻeleʻele e noho nei
Hiki i nā Thrushes ke ola i nā ola like ʻole ma muli o kahi a lākou e noho ai a me ka nui o kā lākou ʻai.... I ka noho pio ʻana a me ka mālama maikaʻi, ola lōʻihi lākou, ma kahi o 17 mau makahiki. I ka nāhelehele a, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi i ko lākou mau wahi noho, noho pū lākou a 17 mau makahiki. A i kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, me ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai a puni a me ke alo o nā ʻenemi he nui, ʻaʻole ola nā manu a 10 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻanoʻano o ka thrushes
Ma kahi o 60 mau ʻano manu mai ka ʻohana thrush i ʻike ʻia a puni ka honua. Noho nā ʻano manu he 20 i loko o nā ululāʻau o Lūkia, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa ʻo ia ka songbird a me ka blackbird, māla, keʻokeʻo a me ka missel.
Laha mele
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nani o ka nahele e ka leo kiʻekiʻe a lele a lahilahi, kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ke mele ʻana o kahi nightingale. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu e kona ʻano plumage:
- brown brown kua i hope;
- aia nā ʻōniʻoniʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a i ʻole melemele iki.
ʻO ka wahi punahele loa i ke kauwela ʻo Central Russia, Siberia a me Caucasus. I ka hoʻoilo, makemake lākou e neʻe i nā ululāʻau o Asia, ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke lohe ʻia ke mele ʻana o ka manu mele mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka hopena o ke kau. Hoʻopau nā manu i kā lākou hana leo ke hoʻomaka lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hipa no kahi lele i ka hema.
ʻO Ryabinnik
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka māla i ka hana leo. Noho mālie kāna mau kumu a inconspicuous i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka. ʻO ia ka laha nui loa ma waena o Rūsia, koe wale nō kona latitu ʻākau. Hoʻohālikelike ka pāhola i ka nui i ka starling. He hiʻohiʻona a hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi ka helehelena.
Ma ka hope he motley plumage, ma ka ʻōpū - keʻokeʻo, me nā tints melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao... Makemake lākou e noho i nā pūʻā nui, a kūkulu i nā pūnana i kahi mamao loa mai kēlā me kēia. He manu hoʻoligan ʻo Fieldfare. Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei i kahi ʻohana, hiki i kēia mau manu ke luku i nā māla āpau o kā ka māla mahiʻai.
ʻEleʻele
ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano he ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha: he kālena mele kupaianaha kā lākou a me kahi hiʻohiʻona nani a poina ʻole hoʻi. Pili nā kāne wale nō i ko lākou inoa, ʻoiai he kala ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kā lākou. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine e nā plumage variegated. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo Blackbirds a puni nā maka a me ka nuku melemele ikaika.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kēia ʻano manu kekahi o nā ʻano manu e makemake i ka noho kaʻawale. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻā hipa a pūnana mau i kahi mamao loa mai kā lākou mau hoa hele.
Belobrovik
He kamaʻāina ka belobrovik o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAsia. He manu kūpaʻa kēia i ke kau anuanu, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka i ka pūnana mua (mai ʻApelila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopaʻa i nā hua). ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano i kona ʻohana ma nā ʻikepili kūwaho aʻe:
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i ke kua;
- ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele;
- ʻōpū keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i uhi ʻia me nā kiko o ke kukui a me ke kala ʻeleʻele;
- ma nā piko o nā ʻeheu, aia ke aniani o ka hulu ʻulaʻula;
- ʻike maka ʻia kahi kuʻemaka keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā maka.
Hiki ke lohe ʻia ka leo keʻokeʻo mai waena o ke kauwela. Pōkole kāna mau mele, akā me nā kahakaha o ke kani a me ka trill.
ʻO Deryaba
Noho nui ia ma Central Europe aʻo ia ka lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana thrush. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā māla, nā ululāʻau, nā ululāʻau coniferous, nā pāka a me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka papaʻai nui nā hua o mistletoe, lehu mauna, sloe a me yew. Earthworms, hua huaʻai a me nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka lepo kahi mea hoʻomana.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Deryaba e kona ʻōpū keʻokeʻo me nā kiko liʻiliʻi ma kona anapuni āpau a me nā ʻeheu keʻokeʻo ma ko lākou kumu haʻahaʻa. I ka manawa like, he kua hina hina ko ke kua, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka huelo o ka diabolō.
Pahu lāʻau
ʻO kēia ka mea i koho iki ʻia no ka poʻe thrush. ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia ʻano ka thrush keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Noho ʻo ia i loko o nā ulu lāʻau i hui ʻia, i kekahi manawa coniferous ma luna o nā pali o nā puʻu. He ʻano kala like ʻole ko ka plumage o ka manu. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka hulu ma mua o nā wahine. Ma ke poʻo a me nā poʻohiwi o ke kāne aia mau ka polū-polū o nā hulu; ʻike ʻia nā kī keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu.
Aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka puʻu o ka ululāʻau, mahalo ʻia i kapa ʻia ka manu he keʻokeʻo. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī, a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana o ka nani o ka nahele e pono ai hoʻi e nānā. Minamina mau kāna mau mele, akā aia kekahi mau memo koʻikoʻi me nā ʻulaʻula flute.
ʻO Thrush thrush
Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā mānoanoa mānoanoa o ʻInia a me ʻAsia Hikina Hema... Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā kāne e ka plumage ʻeleʻele, ʻōpū o ka chestnut a me ka huelo keʻokeʻo o waho. Ua hina hina nā wahine i ke kala. ʻEleʻele loa ka nuku o kēia ʻano, a ʻulaʻula hoʻi nā wāwae.
ʻAʻole like me kona mau hoa, ʻaʻole makemake ka thrush shama i ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā hua, akā makemake ʻoi aku i kahi papa calorie kiʻekiʻe me nā beetles, nā ilo, nā ipo, nā ʻūhini, nā dragonflies a me nā butterflies.
Kūpono ka manu no ka mālama ʻana i nā hale manu a i nā pā, no ka mea, hoʻohana maʻalahi ia i nā kūlana o kona wahi noho a me ke alo o ke kanaka. Makemake lākou e loaʻa iā ia no ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā mele kupaianaha a weliweli hoʻi, kahi ʻokoʻa loa i kāna hana.
Thrush Monochromatic
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kāne e kona ʻano uliuli hina hina, ʻōpū mae a me nā ʻūlū ʻeleʻele. I nā wahine, he ʻōpū ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele me nā ʻulaʻula e lanakila. Uhi nui ʻia ka ʻāʻī me nā wahi like ʻole. Makemake kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana e noho ma nā wahi o ʻAkia Hema mai Pakistan a Nepal. Hoʻonui ka neʻe ʻana o kēia mau manu i nā kapakai o Central Europe.
Wandering Thrush
Makemake lākou e noho a puni nā māla a me nā pāka o ʻAmelika Hema. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻomaka kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana e noho paʻa i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa. ʻO ke kua, ke poʻo, ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu ʻeleʻele a hina hina-ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai e hōʻike ʻia ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū i nā kani ʻulaʻula-ʻalani. He kiko keʻokeʻo ko ka puʻu a me nā maka. ʻO nā mea ʻono nā punahele nā ʻano like ʻole o nā butterflies, beetles a me nā ants. I ka wā oʻo berry, makemake lākou e hoʻohana i nā cherry, nā cherry momona, sumac, blackberry a me nā raspberries.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻohana o ka liʻiliʻi a me ka waena-nui songbirds he mea maʻamau ia ma ka hikina a me ka hemispheres komohana. Hiki i nā Thrushes ke noho i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, e like me ka makemake o kēlā me kēia ʻano. He mea nui ka mea hānai i ke koho ʻana o kāna wahi noho. ʻO ka momona o ka wahi i nā hua a me nā hua berry, ʻo ka nui o nā manu e noho ma ia mau wahi.
ʻAiʻai Thrush
Aia i ka kau o ka makahiki, hiki i nā manu ke ʻai i nā meaʻai like ʻole.... I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo kā lākou papaʻai nā hua, nā hua a me nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu. I ke kauwela, makemake lākou i ka huhui kokoke i nā māla mahi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I nā makahiki wīwī, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau loa i nā māla berry kanaka, e like me ka honeysuckle, cherry, strawberry a me ka cherry momona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mea ʻai punahele loa ka meaʻai me nā protein momona, no laila e ʻai nā manu i nā nalo, nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻano mea kolo like ʻole a me nā nīnī me ka leʻaleʻa kūikawā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma ka pūnāwai, hoʻomākaukau pono ka thrushes i nā pūnana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻoulu a hoʻoikaika iā lākou me nā lālā maloʻo, ka mauʻu, nā lau maloʻo, ka mauʻu a me nā hulu. Inā he limu a lichen paha ma ka teritori o ka pūnana, a laila e hoʻohana pono nā manu i kēia mau mea e hoʻolako pono ai i kahi home ʻoluʻolu. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ko lākou home, hoʻohana lākou i ka pālolo mai waho a i lalo mai loko e insulate i nā paia.
Makemake lākou i ka pūnana i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 5-6 m mai ka ʻili o ka honua. I ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole mua o Mei, hoʻomoe nā wahine i 6 mau hua, a hiki iā lākou ke hana i ʻelua mau paʻa i ka makahiki. Nani loa nā hua i ka nānā ʻana: ʻano ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole polū a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Inā makemake ka wahine e moe hou, a laila hana kēia i ka hopena o Iune a i ʻole ka mua o Iulai.
Noho ka wahine ma luna o nā hua manu ma kahi o 14 mau lā. Ke hana nei nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, lele ʻokoʻa lākou i waho o ka pūnana e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai a 200 paha mau lele i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka lā 12-15, hiki i nā moa makua ke lele i waho o ka pūnana makua, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou āpau ke loaʻa kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, no laila make nā pēpē he nui i ka pōloli.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ua lilo nā ʻakaaka arogant i mau ʻenemi pinepine i nā manu ʻeleʻele, nāna e luku i nā pūnana manu a ʻaihue i kā lākou mau hua. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻenuhe, nā ʻūlū, nā jays, nā pueo, a me nā hawks i nā ʻenemi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli iki ke kanaka i ke ola o nā manu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā Thrushes he mau hoanoho maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano manu pale ʻole e like me nā finches a me nā lele lele. Kūleʻa pili pono kēia mau ʻano kokoke i nā pūnana o ka thrushes, ʻoiai ka mea hope e kōkua i ka kipaku aku i nā poʻe makemake ʻole i nā wahi kokoke i ko lākou mau wahi noho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka heluna nui o nā heluna thrushes i ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka ikehu i hoʻopau ʻia e lākou i ka nui o ka waiwai o nā kumuwaiwai. Ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia o hoʻokahi ʻano e kaʻana like i nā kumuwaiwai e hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa i loko o kahi manawa lōʻihi, a me ka makemake o kekahi e hoʻomanawanui i ka nele i ka meaʻai.
Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā thrushes ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea make, no ka mea, hana kope lākou i ka hana, a ʻo ka make mua he hapa haʻahaʻa.
