ʻIke ʻia e nā zoologists e like me ka panda ʻulaʻula, ʻo kēia predator ʻulaʻula nani ka nui o ka pōpoki nui a ʻano like me ka raccoon ma mua o kahi panda nunui. A he kūlohelohe kēia: ʻo ka hope ka hōʻailona o nā pandas nunui, a ʻo ka mua ka genus o nā pandas liʻiliʻi.
Ka wehewehe o ka panda ʻulaʻula
Ua makemake nui ke Kuhina Nui India ʻo Jawaharlal Nehru i ka panda liʻiliʻi, a ʻo nā ʻōlelo mua o "hon ho" a i ʻole "fox fire" (ʻo kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia i ka Celestial Empire) i ʻike ʻia i ke kenekulia 13. Ua aʻo ka poʻe ʻEulopa e pili ana i ke ola o ka panda ʻula ma ka kenekulia 19 wale nō mahalo iā Frederic Cuvier, ka mea i kū aʻe i ke kanaka Pelekane ʻo Thomas Hardwick, ka mea i ʻike iā ia i mua o ka poʻe Palani.
Akā ʻo Cuvier ka mea i hoʻi mua i ʻEulopa a hoʻokele i ka predator i ka inoa Lākina ʻo Ailurus fulgens, i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "pōpoki hoʻomālamalama" (kahi kokoke loa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo). E hoʻi ka panda inoa hou i ka poonya Nepalese (punya).
Helehelena
E pili ana i nā ana, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka panda ʻulaʻula i kahi pōpoki kūloko i ʻai ʻia a 4-6 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 0.51-0.64 m a me kahi huelo kokoke he hapalua mika.... He kino elongated kona, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho mānoanoa a lōʻihi, a ʻoi aku ka momona o ka panda ma mua o ka maoli. He poʻo ākea ko ka panda me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, e lilo ana i mu mu ʻoi ʻakaʻaka me nā maka uliuli ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka waho o nā kāne a me nā wahine he like. ʻO ka huelo ʻulaʻula a mānoanoa hoʻi e kāhiko ʻia me kekahi (a hiki i ka 12) i nā apo kukui transverse ma kahi ʻaoʻao pouli.
Pōkole a ikaika hoʻi nā lālā, e pau ana i nā wāwae huluhulu, i hoʻopili ʻia no ka hele ʻana i ka hau a me ka hau. Ke hele wāwae, nā wāwae, nona nā manamana wāwae i ka mākaukau o nā mākiao (semi-retractable) i ʻike ʻia, hoʻopili i ka honua i ka hapalua. He manamana wāwae i kapa ʻia ka predator ma ka pūlima o nā forepaws, he iwi radial hypertrophied o ka iwi sesamoid. Kūʻē ia i ke koena o nā manamana lima a kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lālā ʻohe.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole nā holoholona āpau i kahi malu o ka hulu (ʻulaʻula) o ka hulu - pili ke kala nui i nā mea kōkua (aia he 2 o lākou). ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka pōʻele o ka panda liʻiliʻi o Stayana ma mua o ka panda ʻulaʻula komohana, ʻoiai ke ʻokoʻa nā kala i loko o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole nui ka ʻulaʻula e like me nā kānaka melemele.
ʻO nā hulu Rusty i ke kala o ka predator e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he camouflage hilinaʻi (ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomaha a hiamoe hiamoe paha), keu hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao o nā laikini ʻulaʻula e uhi ana i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lālā ma Kina.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Hōʻalo ka panda ʻulaʻula i ke kaiāulu a noho kaʻawale ka hapa nui, e ʻae nei i kahi hoa pili wale nō i ke kau moʻo. Hoʻopili nā Pandas i nā wahi pilikino, a noho nā kāne i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui (5-11 km2) ma mua o nā wahine. Kaha ʻia nā palena me nā kaha ʻaʻala - nā huna o nā ʻōpū e waiho ana a puni ka anus a me nā kapuwaʻi, a me ka mimi a me nā kulu. Hāpai ka pilau i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka moekolohe / makahiki a me ka momona o kekahi kanaka.
Ke alakaʻi nei ka panda ʻulaʻula i kahi nohona pōuliuli, e hiamoe ana i ka lā i nā lua a i ʻole nā pūnana i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o nā kumulāʻau mau. Ke haʻalele nei i loko o nā lima o Morpheus, lawe lākou i mau ʻano ʻano - lūlū lākou i loko o kahi pōpō, e uhi ana i ko lākou poʻo me ko lākou huelo, a i ʻole, e like me nā raccoons ʻAmelika, e noho ma nā lālā, me ke poʻo e kau ana ma ko lākou umauma. Ke mahanahana ia i ka nahele, moe pinepine nā holoholona i nā lālā (ʻōpū i lalo), e ʻae ana i ko lākou mau lālā e kau manuahi ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao. Ma hope o ka ala ʻana a i ka ʻaina awakea paha, holoi ka panda i ko lākou alo a palu loa iā lākou iho, a laila hohola, ʻānai i ko lākou kua / ʻōpū i kahi lāʻau a pōhaku paha.
Hoihoi ia! Ke neʻe nei i waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau, lawelawe ka huelo ma ke ʻano he kaulike, akā nalowale kēia hana ke iho ka holoholona i ka honua. Ke iho mai ana mai kahi lāʻau, kuhikuhi ke poʻo i lalo, a ʻaʻole kuleana wale ka huelo no ke kaulike, akā e hoʻolōʻihi hoʻi i ka panda, e ʻāpuni ana i ka pahu.
Holo wikiwiki nā holoholona i ka honua a ʻoiai i ka hau maloʻo, hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia manawa e lele. Pāʻani nui nā panda ʻulaʻula: ʻoiai e leʻaleʻa ana kekahi me kekahi, hohola lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae i mua a kū i ko lākou mau wāwae hope, e hoʻohālike ana i ka hoʻouka kaua. I kahi duel comic, lawe ka panda i ka hoa paio i ka honua a nahu pinepine i kāna huelo, ʻaʻole e kau i nā ʻeha.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā panda ʻulaʻula?
I ka nahele hihiu, noho nā mea konohiki ma kahi o 8-10 mau makahiki, ʻaneʻane pālua ka awelika ke ʻike lākou iā lākou iho i nā pāka Zoological... Ma aneʻi e ola lākou a 14, a i kekahi manawa a 18.5 mau makahiki: ma ka liʻiliʻi ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā moʻolelo e kekahi o nā pandas ʻulaʻula i noho i ka zoo.
Ma ke ala, e mālama ana i ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola, ua hoʻoponopono nā "pōpoki ʻōlinolino" i ka metabolism a lākou i aʻo ai e kūʻokoʻa i lalo a hoʻonui i ka nui o ka metabolic (a i kēia kokoke lākou i nā sloths). I nā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi, hōʻemi nā holoholona i nā kumukūʻai ikehu a mālama i ka wela me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana hoʻōla ikehu: ʻo kahi laʻana, wili lākou i loko o kahi pōpō paʻa, e hoʻopuni ana iā lākou iho me kahi ao huluhulu mānoanoa (ʻoiai e uhi ana i nā kapuaʻi)
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Aia ʻo Ailurus fulgens i kahi palena palena palena ʻole e hoʻonui i waho o nā palena o nā moku Kina o Sichuan a me Yunnan, Myanmar, Nepal a me Bhutan, a ʻo India ʻākau hoʻi. Ma ke komohana o Nepal, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i nā holoholona. ʻO ka homeland o ka panda liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hema hema o nā kuahiwi Himalayan, kahi e piʻi ai nā mea ʻaihue i 2-4 kilomita ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa nā kūpuna o nā pandas hou ma kahi ākea, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ko lākou mau koena i loaʻa ma Europe hikina a me ʻAmelika Hema.
Mea nui! Wahi a nā paleogeneticists, ʻo ka makaʻu ʻoi loa o ka pae o nā pandas ʻulaʻula i kumu ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau maʻamau - makemake nā holoholona i kahi mea mehana, me ka awelika o 10-25 kekelē Celsius a hoʻoliʻiliʻi a 350 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Koho ka panda ʻulaʻula i nā nahele ulu lōkahi o ka coniferous (fir) a me nā ʻano deciduous (ʻoka, maple a me ka chestnut). Mālama ka hope i kahi pale hilinaʻi no ka pae haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia e ka ʻohe a me ka rhododendron. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, uhi ʻia kēia mau ululāʻau i nā ao, ka mea e hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā laikini a me nā limu e uhi ana i nā pōhaku, nā kumu a me nā lālā. Nui ka nui o nā mea kanu i loko o kēia mau ululāʻau e pili paʻa nā aʻa, e paʻa ana i ka lepo a ma nā pali ʻoi loa a hōʻiliʻili i ka ua nui o ka ua e hāʻule ana i aneʻi.
Papaʻai a panda liʻiliʻi
Ma mua o ka hapalua o ka lā (a i 13 mau hola) hoʻolilo ka panda i ka ʻimi a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai, i loaʻa ma ka honua. ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula kahi mea ʻaihue ʻē loa ia, ʻoiai ʻo kāna papaʻai e ʻaneʻane holoʻokoʻa i nā mea kanu:
- nā lau o ka lālā / lālā (95%);
- nā hua a me nā aʻa;
- mauʻu momona a me nā lau nahele;
- nā hua a me nā acorns;
- ʻulā.
Lilo ka panda ʻula i predator maoli, ma ka hoʻoilo wale nō paha, ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā rodents, nā pepelu a me nā hua manu e hāʻawi i ka ikaika i ke kino. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻai ʻana o ka panda ʻulaʻula, e like me nā carnivores āpau - kahi ʻōpū maʻalahi (ʻaʻole maha-keu) a me nā ʻōpū pōkole, kahi mea paʻakikī e hoʻopili i nā olonā mea kanu.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohana wale ke kino o ka panda i ka hapahā o ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻohe āna e ʻai ai. ʻO ka niho (38 i ka huina) kōkua i ka panda e wili i nā mea ulu oolea, ʻo ka oi aku hoʻi o nā molake, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā tubercles kūikawā.
Ma muli o ka pilina paʻakikī me cellulose, koho ka panda ʻulaʻula i nā ʻōpio a palupalu, e ʻai ana a 4 kg i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohui ʻia nā lau i nā wana - ma luna o 1.5 kg i kēlā me kēia lā (uku ʻia ka nui o ka hānai e kāna ʻike calorie haʻahaʻa). Paradoxically, hōʻole nā pandas liʻiliʻi i kekahi ʻiʻo.... E haki ka predator (a ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau) nā moa ola i lawe ʻia i loko o ka pā, akā ʻaʻole loa e ʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka nā pāʻani mānoanoa ma nā pandas liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoilo, i Ianuali pinepine. I kēia manawa, pili wiwo ʻole nā kāne a me nā wahine. Haʻalele ka mea mua i kā lākou mau kaha ʻala ma nā wahi āpau, a ʻo ka hope i kēlā me kēia ʻano hiki ke hōʻike i ko lākou mākaukau no ka moekolohe.
ʻO ka hana o nā wahine ma muli o ka transient o estrus: hana ʻia hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ka makahiki a lōʻihi mai 18 a 24 mau hola. Noho ka hāpai ʻana mai 114 a 145 mau lā, akā ʻaʻole ʻike koke ʻia ka hoʻomohala fetal, akā me ka lohi o 20-70 mau lā (ma ka awelika, 40). Ma kahi kokoke i ka hānau hānau ʻana, kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana, e uhi ana i kahi puha kūpono a pōhaku paha me ka mauʻu, nā lālā a me nā lau. Hānau ka Pandas mai ka waena o Mei a waena o Iulai, e lawe mai ana i hoʻokahi ʻīlio (emi pinepine i ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 3-4).
Uhi ʻia nā keiki hānau hou me ka huluhulu huluhulu, ʻike ʻole i kekahi mea a kaupaona ma kahi o 110-130 g. Liki ka makuahine i ka hua, e kau ana i nā kaha ʻala ma luna ona, kahi e kōkua ai e ʻike i nā pēpē ke hoʻi ka makuahine i ka pūnana me ka meaʻai. I ka mua, pili mau ʻo ia i ka brood, akā ma hope o hoʻokahi pule hele ʻo ia i lawa, hele wale no ka hānai ʻana a me ka palu ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻIke nā pēpē i kā lākou ʻike i nā hebedoma ʻekolu, akā ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou home no 3 mau mahina ʻē aʻe, e hana nei i kā lākou kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa mua i ka pō. Ua ukuhi ʻia lākou e ko lākou makuahine i ka manawa o 5 mau makahiki.
Pili loa nā pēpē i ko lākou makuahine, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka makuakāne: haʻalele ʻo ia i ka hoa ma hope koke o ka moekolohe ʻana. Hoʻopau ʻia ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka makuahine ke hoʻomākaukau ka panda no ka hapai aʻe a lilo i mea hopohopo loa. Hoʻohālikelike ka ulu ʻōpio i ka nui me nā mea kahiko ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā hiki ke hoʻohua i nā keiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki wale nō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka panda ʻulaʻula e nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula a me nā leopadi hau (nā leopadi hau), akā ʻo ka likelika o ka hoʻouka ʻana mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki e lilo i mea hoʻokalakupua ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā mea ʻelua.
ʻIke pinepine ka panda i ka hoʻopakele kiʻekiʻe ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, e piʻi wikiwiki ana me ke kōkua o nā māiʻuʻu lōʻihi ʻoi loa... Ma ka honua, kū kahi panda makaʻu / huhū ma kona mau wāwae hope, e hoʻoulu ana i kona kino a e hoʻopuka nei i kahi ʻala musky huhū. Wahi a kekahi poʻe ʻike maka, ua ʻike nā pandas makaʻu i ka pihe ʻana o ka naʻau me ke kaniʻuhū, ʻoiai i kekahi mau manawa ʻaʻole kani ko lākou leo ma mua o ka leo o ka manu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Aia ka panda ʻulaʻula i loko o ka International Red Book ma ke kūlana o "endangered", ʻoiai ʻo kona heluna kanaka i nā makahiki 18 i hala iho nei i hoʻemi ʻia e ka hapalua like. ʻO kēia ʻano, e like me ka zizologists, ʻaʻole e hoʻomau wale nō, akā e hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana ma nā hanauna he 3 e hiki mai ana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka panda ʻulaʻula ma kahi āpau i koho ʻia ma 16-20 tausani mau holoholona, a ʻo Kina ka helu no 6-7 tausani, ʻInia - mai 5 a i 6 tausani, Nepal - he mau haneli mau kānaka. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka panda i ke ʻano, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o kāna mau wahi noho kuʻuna ma muli o ka nāhelehele.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻimi ʻia ka panda e nā lāhui ʻōiwi, ʻume ʻia e ka ʻōlinolino o kona huluhulu ʻulaʻula. ʻIke ʻia lākou e ʻai pū i ka ʻiʻo panda, ke aʻo ʻana e hoʻopau i kāna ʻala musky ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka panda ʻulaʻula, hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea maka no nā hana olakino..
Hopu nā kahu holoholona i nā holoholona e kūʻai aku iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona (ma ke ala, i nā hale ponoʻī, he aʻa maikaʻi ʻole nā pandas a aneane make mau lākou). Humuhumu ka Pake i nā lole a me nā pāpale mai ka hulu o kahi panda liʻiliʻi. Ma ke ala, i ka moku ʻo Yunnan, manaʻo ʻia kahi pāpale huluhulu panda i mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa no nā kāne hou: aia kekahi manaʻo he hōʻailona ia i kahi male hauʻoli.
ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula ka mascot o ka Darjeeling International Tea Festival a ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ka holoholona ʻāina o Sikkim (kahi mokuʻāina liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻākau hikina o India). Hoʻohua maikaʻi ka panda ʻulaʻula i ke pio ʻana a no laila koi ʻia e nā zoo kūloko, kahi e hōʻea mau ai mai Nepal (i ke kaʻa ma o Kolkata). Wahi a nā ʻike hou loa, i kēia manawa ma kahi o 300 mau panda ʻulaʻula e noho ana ma 85 mau pāka Zoological a ua hānau ʻia ka helu like i ka pio.
