ʻO ka laulā kūlohelohe o ka mahele ʻana i ka muskrat e komo pū me ka ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau. Noho lākou i nā wahi wai hou a me nā wahi wai brackish, nā loko, nā muliwai, a me nā nāhelehele.
Ka wehewehe o muskrat
ʻO ka muskrat kahi luna mehameha o kona ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā holoholona muskrat.... ʻO Muskrats kahi meaola semi-aquatic o ka ʻohana vole e pili ana i ke ʻano rodent a ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana Muridae ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻololi lākou i ke ola ma Rūsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAkau ʻAkau, kahi i lawe ʻia ai lākou me ka hana hewa ʻole.
ʻO kā lākou lohi i waho i koi iā lākou e hoʻololi i nā wahi wai. He rodent semi-aquatic kēia e hoʻopōʻino i nā wahi mahi ahuwai auwai a lawelawe ʻia me ke ʻano kūpono no nā kahawai i ka manawa like. Noho ka muskrat ma ke ʻano hihiu o nā muliwai a me nā loko, a i loko o nā waihona wai ʻimi, i nā kūlana o kēlā me kēia mahiʻai.
Helehelena
He hulu wai ʻole nā musk musk, a brownish ke kala i ka hapanui. Loaʻa iā ia he mau papa o ka huluhulu pale a me ka undercoat. ʻO kēia nā olonā, nā olonā silky o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Uhi ʻia ke kino me ka pale mānoanoa, palupalu, a me nā lauoho pale, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, coarser a ʻano hiʻohilohi. Hana kēia hanana i kahi hydrophobic e hoʻopili ai, ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i ka wai ke komo i loko o ka ʻili huluhulu. Nānā pono ʻo Muskrats i kā lākou "kapa hulu", hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine iā ia a hamo iā ia me nā momona momona kūikawā.
Hoihoi ia!Hiki ke loli ke kala. ʻO ka hope a me nā wāwae me ka hiʻu ʻoi aku ka pouli. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī, hina hina pinepine i ke kala. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka pale, i ke kauwela, mae ia ma lalo o ka lā a ʻālohilohi e kahi malu a ʻelua paha.
Hoʻopili ʻia kā lākou mau huelo e like me ka hoeuli a lauoho ʻole ʻia. Akā, ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka ʻili huluhulu, me he mea lā kaomi ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, a ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa kahi pali huluhulu lauoho e waiho ana kahi māka ma ke ala ākea i kou wā e hele wāwae ana. Ma kona kumu nā gland inguinal, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i kahi ʻala musky koʻikoʻi, kahi e kaha ai ka holoholona i nā palena o nā panalāʻau. Komo pū ka huelo o kēia ʻiole i ka neʻe ʻana, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo ma ka ʻāina a me kahi kai ʻau kai i ka wai.
He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka muskrat me kahi pūmū kuli. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka maka a me ke ʻano o ka honi, ʻo ka mea nui, hilinaʻi ka holoholona i ka lohe. Mānoanoa poepoe ke kino. Liʻiliʻi loa nā pepeiao o kahi ʻiole musky a ʻike iki ʻole ʻia lākou ma hope o ka hulu e puni ana. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, puka i waho o ke kumu o ke poʻo, a hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe ʻia. ʻO nā niho, e like me nā rodents a pau, he mea incisors ʻike nui ʻia nā muskrats. Kū lākou i waho o ka waha, aia ma hope o nā lehelehe. ʻAe kēia ʻano i ka holoholona e ʻūnū i nā mea ma kahi hohonu i mea e komo ʻole ai ka wai i ka lua o ka waha.
ʻO nā wāwae mua o ka muskrat he ʻehā manamana wāwae a hoʻokahi hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi. Kūpono kēlā mau forelimbs liʻiliʻi no ka lawelawe akamai ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka ʻeli ʻana. Ma nā wāwae hope o ka muskrat, aia he ʻelima mau manamana wāwae me ke ʻano o ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele. ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻae i ka holoholona e neʻe me ka maikaʻi loa i ka mea wai. ʻO nā ʻano o ke kino o kahi holoholona makua: ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 470-630 millimeter, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - 200-270 millimeter, kahi kokoke i ke kaupaona - 0.8-1.5 kilo. I ka nui, hoʻohālikelike ka muskrat mākua maʻamau i kekahi mea ma waena o ka beaver a me kahi ʻiole maʻamau.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nāʻiole musk nā holoholona hoʻomaha ʻole i hiki ke hana a puni ka uaki... He mea kūkulu moe maikaʻi loa lākou a me nā ʻeli ʻana i nā tunnel nāna e ʻeli i nā kahawai kūpikipiki a i ʻole kūkulu i nā pūnana mai ka lepo a kanu i ke ola. Hiki i kā lākou mau lua i 2 mau mika ke anawaena me ke kiʻekiʻe o 1.2 mau mika. ʻO nā paia o ka hale ma kahi o 30 kenimika ākea. Aia i loko o ka hale he nui nā puka komo a me nā tunnels e hele i loko o ka wai.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā noho a kekahi. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i nā mahana ea o loko a hiki i 20 kekelē mehana ma mua o nā mahana wela o waho. Hoʻokumu pū nāʻiole musk i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "feeder". ʻO kēia kahi kūkulu ʻē aʻe i 2-8 mau mika mai kahi moe a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā meaʻai i nā mahina hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻo Muskrat i nā tunnels ma loko o ka lepo mai kā lākou wahi moe a i kā lākou "vault" e kōkua ai i ke kiʻi i nā lako.
Hiki i nā ʻiole Muscovy ke noho i nā kahawai kahe o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, kahi e nui ai ka meaʻai a me ka wai. ʻO ka hohonu o ka wai kūpono no ka muskrat e noho ai mai 1.5 a 2.0 mau mika. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻeha mai kahi ākea a ʻaʻole koi i nā latitude nunui. ʻO kā lākou pae hoʻohālikelike nui no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ka nui o nā meaʻai i ka loaʻa ākea, i hoʻolako ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā kahakai terrestrial a me nā mea kanu wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā tunnels i 8-10 mau mika. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka puka o ka hale mai waho, no ka mea, hilinaʻi hūnā ʻia ia ma lalo o ke kolamu wai. Loaʻa i nā muskrats kahi hana kūikawā o ka kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, ka mea e pale ai iā ia mai ka wai hālana. Kūkulu lākou iā ia i ʻelua mau pae.
Hoihoi ia!He ʻauʻau kai kupaianaha kēia mau holoholona. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi hoʻololi kūikawā hou - ka lako o nā meaola i loko o ke koko a me nā mākala no kahi ola ma lalo o ka wai. Hāʻawi kēia i nā rodents musky i ka hiki ke kū i ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka ea.
No laila, hiki iā lākou ke luʻu lōʻihi. ʻO nā hihia o kahi holoholona i lalo o ka wai no 12 mau minuke me ka ʻole o ka ea i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a no 17 mau minuke i ka nahelehele i palapala ʻia. ʻO ka luʻu kahi mākau hana nui a koʻikoʻi no nā muskrats, i hiki ai iā lākou ke pakele koke mai kahi mea ʻānai aʻe. No ka mea e ʻae iā lākou e kiaʻi kūpale i nā poʻe makemake maʻi a ʻauʻau palekana. Ma ka ʻili, ʻauʻau nā muskrats i ka wikiwiki ma kahi o 1.5-5 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. A ʻo kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻole o kahi mea hoʻohuli huna - ka huelo.
Hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae hope e neʻe i ka honua. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kino a me ka nui o ka nui a me ka palaualelo, ʻaʻole nani ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā forelegs, paʻa lākou ma lalo o ka aʻa a hoʻohana ʻole ʻia no ka locomotion. Ma lalo o ka wai no kaʻauʻau ʻana, e hoʻohana nā muskrats i ko lākou huelo ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka locomotion papamoe. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou mau kino i ka ʻauʻau ʻana e ʻae iā lākou e neʻe wikiwiki i ka wai e alualu i ka lawehala a i ʻole e pale i nā mea ʻaihue. Eia kekahi, i ke kaʻina o ka pakele, hiki ke hoʻohana pono ʻia nā lua e like me nā tunnel, ma o ka ʻalae a lākou e hūnā pono ai. Hiki i nā ʻiole muscovy ke ʻeli iā lākou i kaʻe o ka muliwai a kali i ka mea ʻino ma lalo o kahi papa o nā mea kanu, aia ma luna o ka laina wai.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hale e ʻae iā ʻoe e mālama i ka thermoregulation pono ma loko. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke anuanu o ke anuanu, ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka mahana o ka lewa i ka lua i lalo o zero kekelē Celsius. Hiki i nā kānaka ʻeono ke noho i hoʻokahi hale hoʻoilo i ka manawa. ʻO ka heluna nui i ka hoʻoilo e ʻae i ka hoʻokele waiwai metabolic. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona, hoʻomehana pū lākou.
No laila, ʻoi aku ka manawa o nā holoholona e noho nei i kahi hui e ola i nā hau hau ma mua o ka poʻe hoʻokahi. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka muskrats i ke anuanu ke lākou iho. ʻO ka huelo ʻōlohelohe o ka holoholona, ka mea i hau pinepine ʻia, maʻalahi loa i ke anuanu. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā muskrats ke nau i ko lākou huelo hau hau āpau i mea e hōʻola wikiwiki ai. Eia kekahi, hoʻopaʻa pinepine nā hihia o ka cannibalism i loko. Hiki ke hanana i kēlā ʻano hanana ma ke ʻano he overpopulation o kahi hui hale i nā kūlana o ka nele i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, aia ka hakakā pinepine ma waena o nā kāne no nā wahine a me kahi o ka ʻāina.
Ehia mau muskrats e ola nei
Ma lalo o 2-3 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o ke ola no muskrat... ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka nui o ka make make o nā holoholona i ka nāhelehele, ʻo ia hoʻi 87% o nā kānaka i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, 11% i ka lua, ʻo 2% i koe ʻaʻole e ola i 4 mau makahiki. I nā kūlana home, ola nā muskrats a 9-10 mau makahiki, ma lalo o ka mālama ʻoluʻolu. Ma ke ala, maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka pio. ʻAi ʻo Muskrats i nā mea āpau i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou, a me ka hauʻoli. I loko o ka manawa o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ulu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā meaʻai i loaʻa i ka calcium i ka papa kuhikuhi. E like me ka tī, ka waiū, nā iʻa wiwi a me nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻopili koke nāʻiole musk i ke alo o ke kanaka, akā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lilo i kou makaʻala. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hāpai i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā moʻolelo mua o nā moʻolelo moʻaukala o nā mea noho ma ʻAmelika e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā helu o kēia mau holoholona i loaʻa ma Wisconsin. ʻAʻole i ʻimi piha ʻia nā wahi wai wai a hiki i ka noho lehulehu ʻana o ka poʻe i ka mokuʻāina i kuhikuhi ʻia. I kēia wā, ua piʻi ikaika nā heluna muskrat ma muli o ke kau maloʻo e kūliʻi ana me nā hoʻoilo nui. ʻO ka hōʻino nui loa i ka heluna kanaka i lawe ʻia e ka luku ʻia o nā wahi noho. I kēia lā, ua māka ʻia ka lehulehu muskrat e nā helu mōʻaukala, akā mālama i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka heluna lehulehu.
Hoihoi ia!Aia ka wahi kūlohelohe ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka acclimatization o kēia mau holoholona i lawe ʻia ma Russia a me Eurasia. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, i mea e hoʻonui ai i kā lākou helu, ua noho lākou i nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Pili kēia ʻeleu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻili muskrat i ka hana ʻoihana.
Noho nā Muskrats i nā ʻano loko peat, nā ʻauwai, a me nā kahawai. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā waihona kūloko a me nā mea i hana ʻole ʻia. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma kahi kokoke o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻoiai ke alo o kahi kanaka kokoke e makaʻu ʻole iā lākou i kekahi ʻano. Hele ʻole nāʻiole muscovy i nā wahi o ka hau paʻa o ka wai i ka hoʻoilo a me nā wahi i nele i nā mea kanu maoli.
Meaʻai Muskrat
ʻO Muskrat he mau mea kūʻai trophic pae waena, e ʻai nui ana i nā mea kanu e like me kāpī, nā ʻohe, nā mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e ulu ana i ka wai a kokoke i kahakai. Hiki i nā poʻe wikiwiki ke ʻai pono i nā pūniu, nā crayfish, nā rana, nā iʻa a me nā ʻai, inā nui kekahi o kēia mau mea. Ua koho ʻia he 5-7% o ka papa kuhikuhi muskrat i loko o nā huahana holoholona.
I ka hoʻoilo, koho lākou i nā ʻākoʻai no kā lākou kumu nui o ka meaʻai, a me nā aʻa a me nā paipu o lalo o ka wai.... Makemake kēia mau holoholona e hānai ma waena o 15 mau mika mai ko lākou hale a, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole e hele, ʻoiai i ka makemake nui, ma kahi mamao o 150 mau mika.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He mau mea hoʻohua monogamous lākou a komo i ka wā ʻōpio i ka pū mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau ma Malaki a ʻApelila paha ma muli o ke ʻano o ka nohona. I nā ʻāina mehana, hiki i ka hānau hānau ke puni i ka makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi he 4-5 mau manawa i ka makahiki, i nā kūlana anuanu - 1-2 mau manawa.
Hoihoi ia!Mai 4 a 7 mau pēpē i hānau ʻia i ka ʻōpala. ʻO ka manawa hānau ma kahi o 30 mau lā, a hānau makapō ʻia nā muskrats hou a ʻōlohelohe. ʻO nā ʻōpio, hānau ʻia ma ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 21 gram, ulu wikiwiki, loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai mai ko lākou makuahine no 2-3 mau pule ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻohe pili iki ka muskrat kāne i ke kaʻina hana o ka hānai keiki. Ma kahi o 15 mau lā, hāmama nā pēpē i ko lākou mau maka, a ma hope e hiki ai iā lākou ke hele i kā lākou holo mua. Ma kahi o 4 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pono nā muskrats liʻiliʻi e mālama iā lākou iho, akā ʻae ʻia lākou e noho i ka home kahi i hānau ʻia ai a hiki i ka 4 mau makahiki. Aia kahi lakene pili kaulike kaulike ʻole i nā lāhui muskrat. Wahi a ka noiʻi, 55% o ka heluna kāne he kāne.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻiole musky kahi ʻano waiwai pio no nā mea he nui hewahewa. ʻImi ʻia lākou e nā ʻīlio, nā coyote, nā kuhukukū, nā ʻaeto, nā ʻio, pueo, a me nā holoholona ʻiʻo holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO Minka kekahi o nā mea ʻaihue nui loa o nā moʻo. Ua hōʻike kahi noiʻi mua o ka pilina ma waena o nā meaola ʻelua i kahi laʻana o nā huahana 297 i loaʻa nā mink scaffolds, 65.92% i koe nā muskrat.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO Muskrat nā holoholona laha, akā, i kēlā me kēia 6-10 mau makahiki, ua emi ka heluna kanaka. ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻōnaehana o nā helu ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia. I ka manawa like, hana nui nāʻiole musk a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hoʻololi i nā ʻano like ʻole.
Muskrat a me kāne
ʻO ka muskrat muskrat kekahi o nā mea holoholona hānai nui i hulu ʻia. Aia kona waiwai nui i loko o kona ʻili paʻakikī, ʻili. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau ʻaole. I nā kūlanakauhale o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ka "kolo wai". Ua loaʻa kēia inoa ma muli o kona ʻono a me kāna papa hana papaʻai kū hoʻokahi.
ʻO ke koʻokoʻo musky i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka "berena a me ka bata" o ka pahele Wisconsin. 1970-1981 Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia nā ʻili he 32.7 miliona mai ka "hei" o nā ʻāina wai Wisconsin. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana hoʻokele no ka mokuʻāina e ʻae iā ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi nui o ka hōʻiliʻili muskrat. I ka huli, alakaʻi ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka muskrat heluna i ka hōʻino ʻana i ka wahi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi maʻi luku.
Hoihoi ia!Ua hana mau ʻo Muskrat i ke kuleana nui i ka mākeke huluhulu Wisconsin. I loko o kekahi mau makahiki, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona ke kumu o nā mea i kūʻai ʻia a kūʻai ʻia i ka ʻoihana huluhulu.
I kekahi mau wahi noho a me nā kino o ka wai, hoʻopōʻino nā muskrats i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe, nā dam a me nā dam ma muli o kā lākou hiki i ka haki. Pēlā, ua hōʻino ʻia nā mahiʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka laiki i kā lākou "hoʻoikaika". Hiki i ke kope hou ʻole ʻana o nā muskrats ke hōʻino i nā lau nahele o ke kai a me ka wai, e ʻai ana ia i ka nui o nā meaʻai... Hiki i kēia mau holoholona nani ke hali i nā maʻi focal he ʻumi a keu. Aia i waena o ka papa inoa kekahi paratyphoid weliweli a me ka tularemia.
I ka manawa like, koʻikoʻi nāʻiole musk mai kahi manaʻo kaiaola. Kōkua lākou i ka mālama i nā wahi wai a wehe iā lākou, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kahawai ma o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻai o nā mea kanu ma laila. ʻAe kēia i kahi kahe o ke kahe ʻole o nā ʻano mea kanu ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, a me nā mea kolo, ka moa wai a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
