Manu manu kupaianaha. Mahalo i ka hiki ke hoʻololi i ʻaneʻane o nā kūlana o ke ola, ua pālahalaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ua kamaʻāina kāna silhouette i ka lani i kēlā me kēia kanaka. No kekahi, ʻo kahi manu koraka he mea lawena ia o ka pōʻino, akā no kekahi mea he hōʻailona ia o ka naʻauao a me ke ahonui. Hoʻolahalaha kona kiʻi i nā kaʻao, nā moʻolelo, nā mele a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
No nā kenekulia, ua aʻo ka poʻe i ka manu koraka me he holoholona lā, e ʻike nei i ka naʻaupō no ka manu. I kekahi manawa, ua emi nui ko lākou heluna kanaka ma ka Honua, akā i kēia lā ua lawe ʻia ka manu koraka maʻamau ma lalo o ka pale ʻana e nā ʻāina he nui a ua hoʻomaka hou ka helu e ulu hou.
Hōʻike manu koraka
ʻO ka inoa Lākina no ka manu ʻo Corvus corax... Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano e naturalist Karl Liney i 1758. I kēia lā, hoʻokaʻawale nā birdwatchers a hiki i ka 11 subspecies o nā ʻakaʻaka, akā ʻo nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou i ka phenotype he mea liʻiliʻi ia ma muli o kahi e noho ai, ma mua o kahi hiʻohiʻona genetic.
Hōʻike ʻo Raven
- he holoholona ke aupuni;
- ʻano - chordate;
- papa - manu;
- hoʻokaʻawale - passerine;
- ʻohana - corvids;
- genus - nā ʻalalā;
- laha - manu koraka maʻamau.
ʻO nā pili pili pili manu o ka manu ʻo ka moa ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo ʻAmelika, ka piebald a me ka manu koraka poʻo wao nahele, ʻo waho e like me ka rook.
Helehelena
ʻO ka manu koraka ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka passerine. Ua hiki aku kona lōʻihi o ke kino i 70 knm, a ʻo kona ʻēheu a hiki i 150 knm. ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi manu hiki ke 800-1600 g, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he mea mau no nā ornithologists e wehewehe i nā manu koraka me ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i 2 kg. Aia ka ʻokoʻa o ka loa a me ka nuipa i ke kaiapuni - ʻo ke anuanu o ke anuanu, ʻo ka nui ka poʻe e noho ana i loko. ʻO ia, ʻo nā lunamaka nui o nā manu koraka hiki ke loaʻa ma nā latitu ʻākau a i ʻole nā kuahiwi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiwahiwa o ka manu koraka he nuku ʻoiʻoi nui a kūpulu nā hulu e like me ka peahi ma ka ʻāʻī o ka manu. I ka lele ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi manu koraka mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kāna huelo wedge.
ʻOi aku nā manu koraka kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ke kala - ʻeleʻele ka wahine a me ke kāne me ka sheen metallic. He kala polū a poni paha ka luna o ke kino, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lalo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻōpio e ka plumage matte ʻeleʻele. Ikaika nā wāwae o ka manu, me nā māiʻuʻu ʻeleʻele i kūwili. Inā pono, e lilo lāua a me ka nuku ākea ākea i mea kaua o ka ʻenemi.
Ka nohona a me ka ʻike
ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻāhinahina hina, noho wale ke manu koraka maʻamau o nā ākea ākea a makemake i nā ululāʻau coniferous kahiko... Noho ia i mau hui kaʻawale, ma ka hoʻoilo wale nō e hana ana i nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi o 10-40 mau kānaka i mea e lele ai i kahi hou e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. I ka pō, hiamoe ka manu i kāna pūnana, a ʻimi holoʻokoʻa i ka lā. Inā pono, hiki i kahi pūʻulu ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hoʻouka kaua ma luna o kekahi a kiʻi hou i ka ʻāina i loko e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Makemake nā manu e pūnana i ka nahele, eia naʻe, no ka hoʻoilo makemake lākou e neʻe kokoke i kahi kanaka, no ka laʻana, i nā puʻu kūlanakauhale a i nā ilina paha. Ma laila paha lākou e ʻike ai i kahi mea e ʻai a ola i ke anuanu.
He manu akamai ka manu koraka. Loaʻa iā ia ka lakio o ka lolo i ke kino e like me nā chimpanzees. ʻ claimlelo pū nā kānaka ʻepekema he ʻike ko lākou. E hōʻoia i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he nui, e hāʻawi ana i ka manu i ka manawa kūpono e hōʻike ai i kona hiki noʻonoʻo. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua ʻike hou ma luna o ka moʻolelo a Aesop's The Crow and the Jug. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu i loko o kahi keʻena me ka puʻu o nā ʻiliʻili a me kahi moku kūiki me nā ilo i lana i loko o kahi wai liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā manu ke hele manuahi i ka mea ʻono, a laila kōkua ke akamai iā lākou. Hoʻomaka ka ʻinoe e hoʻolei i nā pōhaku i loko o ka moku, a laila e hāpai ana i ka pae o ka wai a hiki i nā ilo. Ua hana hou ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ʻehā mau manawa me nā manu like ʻole a ua kūpale lākou āpau i ka hana - e kiʻi i ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hana nā manu i nā hana wīwī, hoʻolei lākou i nā ʻiliʻili a hiki i ko lākou hiki ʻana i nā ilo, koho i nā pōhaku nui, ke ʻike nei ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka wai.
Ua aʻo ʻia nō hoʻi ka ʻepekema e ka ʻepekema. ʻLelo ʻia ʻaʻole he walaʻau chaotic wale nō ke croaking, akā he kamaʻilio maoli, ʻoi loa, mamao loa mai ka wā kahiko. Nui loa ka leo e kāhea iā ia he ʻōlelo, akā ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema he mau mea ko nā manu koraka e like me nā ʻano dialect e loli ana ma ka halo o kahi e noho ai. ʻO kekahi mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kū ʻana o ka ʻike ma kēia mau manu, ʻo ia ka hoʻomanaʻo i hoʻoili ʻia mai kēlā hanauna i kēia hanauna.
Hoʻokahi wale nō manu i pepehi ʻia e nā mahiʻai hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūʻulu. E hoʻomanaʻo lōʻihi nā moa i ka hale a i ʻole kahi i kū aʻe ai ka pōpilikia a e hoʻāʻo me ko lākou ikaika āpau e hōʻalo i ke kū kokoke ʻana iā ia. ʻO kekahi mea e nānā aku ai ka kaohi pāpā o ka manu, a i ʻole ka hiki ke kaohi i nā impulses instincive no ka pono o ka noʻonoʻo pono. Hāʻawi ʻia nā manu ʻaka i nā paipu opaque me nā lua i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Ke aʻo lākou e loaʻa pololei ia, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā paipu me nā mea aniani. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka kaohi iho, pono i nā manu e huki i ka meaʻai me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole e kiʻi pololei iā ia, e haki ana i ka paia aniani. Pono e ʻōlelo, ua holomua lākou i kēia hōʻike. Kōkua ka hoʻomanawanui i ka moa e kali no ka meaʻai no nā hola me ka hōʻike ʻole iā ia iho i kahi pilikia kūpono ʻole.
Ehia mau moa i ola
Hoʻohuli ʻia ke ola o kahi manu koraka e kona wahi noho, no laila paʻakikī e hāʻawi i kahi pane ʻano ʻole i ka nīnau no ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia manu. No nā manu kūlanakauhale a me nā mea e noho ana i ka nāhelehele, ʻokoʻa loa ka helu o nā makahiki i noho ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka ʻio, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻike, nā mākau a me ka ʻike e loaʻa iā ia i kona ola. ʻAʻole poina kēia manu i kekahi mea a i loko o nā makahiki e lilo i akamai a me ke akeakamai.
ʻO nā moa i pūnana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale a ʻūʻū mau i nā puhi ʻino mai nā wahi ʻoihana, a me ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpala i nā landfills, ʻaʻa ʻole e kaena i ke ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi kaona, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā manu, no laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i nā manu ʻino ke ola a 30 mau makahiki. I ke kūlohelohe, ola nā manu ʻokikū ma kahi o 10-15 mau makahiki. Noho ka poʻe maʻamau i 40, no ka mea i kēlā me kēia lā pono i ka manu e ʻimi no kāna meaʻai ponoʻī a hōʻike i nā pilikia he nui, e like me ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kahi kauwela ʻilihune a me ke kau anuanu ke luku i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻAlapia he manu make ʻole ka manu koraka... Wahi a nā moʻolelo kahiko, ua ola nā kānaka 300 a ʻoi paha mau makahiki, a ke ʻōlelo nei nā epics a nā kānaka e ola ana ka manu koraka i nā ola ʻeiwa. Kanalua loa nā Ornithologists e pili ana i kēlā mau lono, akā naʻe, maopopo leʻa inā ʻoe e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka manu i loko o ka pio, ola paha ia i 70 mau makahiki.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka moa a me ka ʻekena
Aia ke kuhi hewa nui i waena o ka poʻe he kāne he manu koraka, a ʻo ka moa he wahine o ka ʻano like. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka manu koraka a me ka manu ʻelua nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻelua e pili ana i ka ʻohana corvid like. Ua ʻano huikau kēlā ma ka ʻōlelo Lūkini ma muli o ka like o ka puana ʻana a me ka pela ʻana o nā inoa o nā manu. ʻAʻohe huikau i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua kapa ʻia kahi ʻākoʻo "manu korakē", a ke kani nei ka ʻōʻō e like me "manukī". Inā huikau nā haole i kēia mau manu ʻelua, ma muli wale nō ia o ke ʻano like.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me nā manu koraka, makemake nā manu koraka e hoʻokokoke aku i kānaka. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai na lākou. I nā ʻāina CIS, loaʻa wale ka Hooded Crow, ʻaʻole paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale e ke kala o ke kino.
ʻO ka manu ʻeleʻele, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke kuhi hewa ʻia no ka moa, noho ma Europe nui a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Eurasia. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa a me ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka manu ma mua o ka moa. ʻAʻole kaupaona nā kāne kāne makua ma mua o 700 gram, a ʻaʻole hiki ke kino i 50 cm. Aia nā ʻokoʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻohe o ka moa o ka moa i hoʻoulu, a i ka wā o ka lele ʻana, ʻike ʻoe i ka pōʻai o ka huelo o ka manu, ʻoiai ʻo ka moa ʻo ia ka hopena o ke kāʻei.
Makemake ka moa i ʻākoakoa i nā hui, ʻoiai e mālama ʻelua ka moa i kahi pālua a i ʻole mele hoʻokahi paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā manu ma ka pepeiao. Kū hohonu a muʻu ka ʻupena o ka moa, e like me "kow!" aiʻole "arra!", a kani ke kani i ka ihu e like me ka "pōkole" pōkole. ʻAʻole launa pū nā ʻano ʻelua me kekahi - pinepine ka ʻohana o nā ʻakaʻaka e lele i kahi moa mehameha.
ʻĀpana, puʻunaue
Noho ka manu koraka ma kahi o ka hemisphere ʻākau... Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, hiki ke loaʻa ia mai Alaska a i Mekiko, i ʻEulopa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe koe ʻo Palani, a ma ʻAsia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Makemake ka manu e noho ma kahakai, i nā wao akua a i ʻole nā kuahiwi. Akā ʻo ka hapanui pinepine hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻanuʻu i nā ululāʻau mau makahiki kenekulia, spruce ka nui. Me nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa loa, kau ka manu i nā paka o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā pahu.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, noho ka manu ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō ʻo Taimyr, Yamala a me Gadyn, a ma nā mokupuni hoʻi o ka Moana Arctic. I ka hema, hele ka palena o ka pūnana ma Suria, ʻIraka a me ʻIrana, Pakistan a me ʻĀkau ʻo India, Kina a me Primorye o Lūkia. I ʻEulopa, ua loli ka nohona o ka manu ma mua o ke kenekulia i hala. Ua haʻalele ka manu koraka i nā ʻāpana komohana a me waena, e hui ana ma laila ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa. Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia ka manu ma waena o ka ʻāina nui, makemake e noho ma ka palena me Canoda, ma Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan a me Maine.
Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ka manu koraka ma Nū ʻEnelani, ma nā kuahiwi ʻo Adirondack, ʻo Alleghany a me ke kapakai o Virginia a me New Jersey, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā Wao Nui. Ma muli o ka luku nui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae a me bison, nā poʻe i hāʻule a ka manu i ʻai ai, ua haʻalele ka manu koraka i kēia mau ʻāina. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā corvids ʻē aʻe, ʻaneʻane pili ʻole ka moa kani i ka ʻāina anthropogenic. ʻAʻohe ʻike iki ʻia i nā kūlanakauhale nui, ʻoiai ʻike ʻia nā ʻulu o nā manu koraka i nā parklands ma San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco a me Riverside, a me ke kapikala ʻo Mongolian ʻo Ulaanbaatar.
I ka lua o ka hapa o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana o ka moa i ke komohana ʻākau o Lūkia, no ka laʻana, ma nā kaona o St. Petersburg, ma Moscow, Lvov, Chicago, London a me Bern. ʻO ke kumu o ka makemake ʻole o ka ʻakoʻī e noho ma kahi o ke kanaka ʻaʻole wale ma muli o ka hopohopo kūpono ʻole e hāʻawi ʻia i ka manu, akā no ka nele paha o nā wahi kūpono a me ke alo o nā mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻAiʻai koraka
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻai a nā manu koraka. ʻO lākou nā holoholona lūlū ma ke kūlohelohe, akā ʻo ke kino, ʻo ka hapanui o nā holoholona nui e like me dia a me nā ʻīlio hae, he kuleana nui i kā lākou meaʻai. No ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki i ka manu ke hānai i nā iʻa i make, nā koʻokoʻo a me nā rana. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia ka manu koraka i nā wahi ʻili o ka meaʻai a ʻai i nā mea i hiki ke hopu ʻia a loaʻa paha. I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio, hoʻolōʻihi ʻo ia i ka lewa no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano o nā corvids. Huli nui ia no ka pāʻani, ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hare, no ka laʻana, nā rodents, nā moʻo, nā moʻo, nā manu.
ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea kolo, molluscs, nā ilo, kai ʻūlū a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa. I kekahi manawa, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i ka pūnana a haʻi me ka meaʻai piha - nā hua, nā palaoa, nā hua kanu. ʻO ka pinepine, hana nā ʻalalā i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea mahiʻai. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka meaʻai ka ʻai ʻana i loko o ka lālau o nā hua manu a i ʻole nā keiki ʻōpio. Inā pono, hānai ka mea kanu i ka mea a ke kanaka i waiho ai ma hope. Loaʻa kahi pūʻulu manu koraka i ka aneane i kēlā me kēia puʻu kūlanakauhale nui.
Mea nui! Me ka ʻoi aku o ka meaʻai, hūnā ka ʻino i nā mea i koe o ka pāʻina i kahi mehameha a i ʻole kaʻana like me ka ʻohana.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hoʻomanawanui ka manu a hiki iā ia ke nānā i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kahi holoholona ʻē aʻe no nā hola i mea e pāʻina ai i nā koena o kāna mea pio a i ʻole ke ala a ʻaihue i ka waihona āna i hana ai Ke nui ka meaʻai, hiki i nā kānaka ʻokoʻa e noho kokoke ana ke hana kūikawā i nā ʻano ʻano meaʻai like ʻole.
Ua nānā ka poʻe biologist ʻAmelika i kēia ʻano ma Oregon. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu e pūnana mai ana i nā kaiāulu i nā mea e ʻai ana i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu, nā poʻe i ʻimi alualu i nā gopher a me nā mea nāna i hōʻiliʻili i nā kino make. No laila, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokūkū, i hiki ai i nā manu ke noho maluhia ma kahi kokoke.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka manu koraka he monogamous... Mālama ʻia nā pālua i haku ʻia i mau makahiki, a i kekahi manawa no ke ola. Loaʻa kēia i ka hoʻopili o ka manu i ka teritori a me kahi wahi pūnana. Hoʻomaopopo nā meaolaola i nā hihia kahi i hoʻi ai kekahi mau manu koraka i kahi like i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hānai keiki. Ua hele a makua ka manu i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Makemake nā kāne e noho ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi a ʻelima mau kilomita mai kēlā me kēia. Hoʻomaka ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, i ka hapa lua o Pepeluali, akā, i ka hema ua hoʻololi kēia wā i kahi lā ma mua, a ma ka ʻākau, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i kekahi ma hope.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Pakistan, hānau nā manu ʻaka i Kekemapa, a ma Siberia a i ʻole nā kuahiwi o Tibet i ka waena o ʻApelila wale nō. Ua hele mua ka male ma mua e nā pāʻani moena. Hana ka kāne i nā maneuvers paʻakikī i ka lewa a i ʻole hele wāwae i mua o ka wahine me kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi me kona poʻo e kiʻekiʻe, kahi ʻāʻī pehu a me nā ʻōmole tousled. Inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau manu koraka, pau ka "male" me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻana o nā hulu.
Pili pū ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka hana ʻana i ka pūnana o mua. Noho ʻo ia i kahi i hiki ʻole i nā ʻenemi - ma ke kalaunu o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ma ka pali pōhaku a i ʻole kahi kūkulu kanaka. Ulana ʻia nā lālā mānoanoa o nā kumulāʻau i kahi pūnana nui, a laila kau ʻia nā lālā liʻiliʻi, a mai loko mai ua hoʻopili ʻia me ka hulu hipa, mauʻu maloʻo a lole paha. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā manu e noho kokoke ana i nā kānaka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea o kēia au e like me ka uea, ka hulu aniani a me ka ea e kūkulu i nā pūnana.
He 1-3 mau pule e kūkulu i kahi home e hiki mai ana. Loaʻa i ka pūnana i anawaena ke anawaena o 50-150 knm, kahi hohonu o 15 knm a me ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-60 cm. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, kūkulu nā kāne i ʻelua a i ʻole ʻekolu mau pūnana a hoʻohana ʻokoʻa iā lāua.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā manu koraka ke hoʻololi i ka moena pūnana i ka mahana wela, e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻoluʻolu a i ʻole, i nā kumu hoʻomehana.
Ma ka awelika, he 4-6 mau hua o ka huʻa hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā hina a me nā ʻāpana brown; i nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻomoe i hoʻokahi a ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha mau hua. ʻO kā lākou ana i kahi 50 ma 34 mm. Kū ka manawa hoʻouluulu mai 20 a 25 mau lā. I kēia mau manawa āpau, hoʻoulu ka wahine i nā hua, me ka pono ʻole me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ka pūnana, a mālama ke kāne i kāna meaʻai.
Nui nā laʻana o ka laʻa hoʻokau i kā lākou keiki. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke hoʻomau ka wahine i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua me ka pana ʻana i ke kino a ma hope paha o ka lāʻau i kau ʻia ai ka pūnana e kua ʻia e nā lumberjacks. No ka mea mua i ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka hatching o nā moa, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka pua, hoʻomehana a pale i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. I ka hōʻea ʻana i 4-7 mau pule, hoʻomaka ka moa e aʻo i ka lele, akā haʻalele wale i kā lākou pūnana ʻōiwi ma ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoilo e hiki mai ana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke kūlanakauhale, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā manu koraka, koe wale nō nā pōpoki a ʻīlio paha e alualu ai iā lākou. I ka nohona kūlohelohe, hoʻonui nui kēia papa inoa. ʻO nā manu lele, e like me nā ʻaeto a i ʻole nā hawk, e manaʻo ʻia he ʻenemi.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea i hāʻule, koi ʻia ka moa e noho ma kahi o kahi mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe - he ʻīlio hae, ʻalopeke a he bea paha. ʻO kekahi ʻenemi ʻinoʻino loa o ka manu ʻo ka pueo. I ka pōʻeleʻele, ke hiamoe ana ka manu koraka, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i nā pūnana a ʻaihue i nā moa a pepehi paha i kahi kanaka makua. No ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho mai nā ʻenemi, koi ʻia nā ʻākō e ʻākoakoa i nā pūʻā hipa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ke kenekulia 19, ua manaʻo ʻia ka manu koraka he hōʻailona o ka pōʻino a lilo pinepine i kumu o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea mahiʻai. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi no ka manu me ke kōkua o nā maunu ʻawahia, no ka mea ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui kona poʻe.I kēia manawa, ua pale nā ʻāina he nui i ka ʻoka. Mahalo i kēia, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o kēia mau manu, akā he manu laha ʻole ka manu koraka maʻamau.
ʻO ka nele i ka meaʻai i ka wā hoʻoilo ka pale mau i ka hana hou. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi i hoʻohuli i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma nā Alps, mahalo i nā ʻōpala meaʻai i waiho ʻia ma hope o nā mākaʻikaʻi, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia nā manu koraka i ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala.
