ʻLelo lākou ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia ka lio o Przewalski, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Eia kekahi, ke hele lanakila mau nei kēia mau lio hihiu i nā hakakā me nā lio kūloko.
Ka wehewehe o ko Przewalski lio
Manaʻo ʻo Paleogenetics ʻaʻole lio hihiu ʻo Przewalski lio, akā he mamo wale nō ia o nā lio Botay kūloko.... E hoʻomanaʻo mākou iā ʻoe aia ia ma ka noho Botay (ʻĀkau ʻo Kazakhstan) kahi i kau mua ʻia ai nā steppe mares ma kahi o 5.5 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Hāpai kēia holoholona kaulike kaulike i ka inoa Pelekane "Przewalski" lio ʻāhiu "a me ka inoa Lākina" Equus ferus przewalskii ", i manaʻo ʻia he hope hope loa no nā lio manuahi, aneane pau loa i ka maka o ka honua.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka laha i ke kahua o ka maka o ka lehulehu ma 1879 mahalo i ke kūlohelohe, kanaka hulihonua a me ka mea huakaʻi Lūkini ʻo Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky, a ma hope ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ma hope.
Helehelena
He lio ʻano like ia me ke kumukānāwai paʻa a me nā wāwae ikaika. He poʻo koʻikoʻi kona, e noho ana ma ka ʻāʻī mānoanoa a kau ʻia me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena o ka waha (ʻo ka "palaoa" i kapa ʻia "a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ihu" mole ") ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka hope o ke kino. ʻO ke kala o ka savrasai kahi kino one-melemele i hoʻohui ʻia me nā lālā pouli (ma lalo o ka hock), ka huelo a me ka mane. Holo kahi kāʻei ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ma ke kua mai ka hiʻu a i kahi mae.
Mea nui! ʻO ka mane, pōkole a kūlia e like me ka mohawk, ʻaʻohe ona bang. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻelua mai ka lio kūloko ka huelo pōkole, kahi e hoʻomaka ai nā lauoho lōʻihi ma lalo o kāna kumu.
Kūpono ke kino i loko o ka square. Piʻi ka lio o Przewalski i 1.2-1.5 m i ka wā e mae ana a me 2.2-2.8 m ka lōʻihi me ke kaupaona o 200-300 kg. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka pale ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, akā ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pale hoʻoilo e kahi undercoat mānoanoa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kauwela.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
“Noho ka lio ʻāhiu i ka wao nahele pālahalaha, e hoʻoinu ana a e ʻai ana i ka pō. I ke awakea, hoʻi ʻo ia i ka wao nahele, kahi āna e hoʻomaha ai a napoʻo ka lā, "- pēlā i kākau ai ka huakaʻi Lūkini ʻo Vladimir Efimovich Grum-Grzhimailo e pili ana i kēia mau mea manuahi, i hui pū me lākou ma ka wao akua ʻo Dzungarian i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ma mua o ka hala. E pili ana i ka ʻike nui e pili ana i ka nohona o nā laha a hiki i ka lihi o kona luku loa ʻia. I ka hui like ʻana me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ke mele o ke ola a me ka lawena o ka lio Przewalski, i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ao e hele ana ia mai ka hana a hoʻomaha i mau manawa.
Hoʻokumu nā lio i nā kaiāulu pūnaewele me nā kāne makua a me nā kakini kakini me nā ʻōpio... ʻO kēia mau pūʻā liʻiliʻi he mea lawe lima loa a koi ʻia e neʻe, ʻaʻole e noho no kahi manawa lōʻihi i kahi hoʻokahi, i wehewehe ʻia e ka wahi ʻai ulu pono ʻole. ʻO ka Plain Dzungarian, kahi i noho ai ka lio hope loa o Przewalski (kahi o nā pali haʻahaʻa o nā puʻu / mauna i ʻoki ʻia e nā awāwa he nui.
I Dzungaria, aia nā wao akua semi-desert saltwort a me nā ʻāpana o nā steppes mauʻu hulu, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mānoanoa o ka tamarisk a me ka saxaul. ʻO ka noho ʻana i kahi aniau maloʻo a ʻoi loa hoʻi e hoʻomohala nui ʻia e nā punawai, i nā manawa he nui e hele i ka wāwae o nā kualono.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole pono nā lio ʻāhiu i ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana - kokoke mau ka mākū a me nā meaʻai. ʻO ka neʻe kau ʻana o ka pūʻulu ma kahi laina pololei ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 150-200 km.
ʻO nā lio lio kahiko, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhi i ka harem, noho a hānai wale.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā lio a Przewalski
Ua ʻike nā Zoologists ua kokoke ke ola o nā lāhui i 25 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
"ʻO ka pali melemele o kahi lio hihiu" (Takhiin-Shara-Nuru) kahi hānau o ka lio o Przewalski, kahi a ka poʻe kamaʻāina i ʻike ai he "takhi". Ua hāʻawi ʻo Paleontologists i kā lākou makana i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā palena o ka pae mua, nāna i hōʻoia ʻaʻole kau palena ʻia ma Central Asia, kahi i hāmama ai ka lāhui i ka ʻepekema. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana i ka lio o Przewalski i ka hopena o Pleistocene. Ma ka hikina, ua ʻaneʻane ka ʻāpana i ka Moana Pākīpika, ma ke komohana - i Volga, ma ka ʻākau, ua pau ka palena ma waena o 50-55 ° N, ma ka hema - ma ka wāwae o nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe.
ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā lio hihiu e noho i nā awāwa wāwae ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai a i ʻole nā steppes maloʻo... ʻO nā lio o Przewalski i hoʻomanawanui me ka mālie i nā kūlana o ka Wao akua ʻo Dzungarian mahalo i ka nui loa o nā wai paʻakai a wai hou i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻaila. I kēia mau wahi wao nahele, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā holoholona i ka meaʻai a me ka wai wale nō, akā, ka nui o nā hale kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka lio Przewalski
Kuhi kahi lio wahine i ka holoholona i kahi i hānai ʻia, a hoʻokani ke alakaʻi i ke ʻano o ka mea hope loa. Ma ke kula hānai, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kiaʻi kiaʻi ʻelua, nāna e kiaʻi i kā lākou mau hoa lawaiʻa maluhia. ʻO nā lio e noho ana ma ka papu ʻo Dzungar i ʻai i nā hua pala, nā laʻalā, a me nā kumulāʻau, e like me:
- mauʻu hulu;
- fescue;
- palaoa palaoa;
- kō;
- wormwood a me chiy;
- ʻakaʻaka hihiu;
- Karagan a me saxaul.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā holoholona i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai mai lalo o ka hau, e haehae nei me nā mākia mua.
Mea nui! Hoʻomaka ka wī ke hoʻololi ʻia ka wai wai e ka hau a huli ka slurry i kahi hau hau. Paheʻe ka ʻūlū, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā lio ke haki i ka pā i hiki i ka lau nahele.
Ma ke ala, nā lio o Przewalski o kēia au, i hānai ʻia i nā zoo a puni ka honua, i hoʻololi pono i nā kikoʻī o nā lau nahele.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka lio a Przewalski (e like me nā ʻelele kūloko o ka genus) hiki i ka moekolohe ma o 2 mau makahiki, akā hoʻomaka nā lio i ka hana hou ʻana ma hope - ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona kolohe i kahi kau kikoʻī: mākaukau mau nā mākeke e hoa kāne mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake. Lawe ka hali ʻana i 11-11.5 mau mahina, me hoʻokahi wale nō keiki i ka ʻōpala. Hānau ʻia i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ke nui nā meaʻai i loaʻa a puni.
I kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua mākaukau ka wahine e male hou, no laila hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki... I ka hopena o ka hana, wehe ka makuahine i nā koena o ka wai amniotic me kona alelo a me nā lehelehe a maloʻo koke ka foal. Hala kekahi mau minuke a hoʻāʻo ka cub e kū i luna, a ma hope o kekahi mau hola hiki iā ia ke hele pū me ka makuahine.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻāʻo nā keiki kāne ʻelua hebedoma i ka mauʻu i ka mauʻu, akā hoʻomau i ka papaʻai o ka waiū no kekahi mau mahina, ʻoiai ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā keiki kāne ʻōpio, he 1.5-2.5 mau makahiki, mai nā hui ʻohana a haʻalele iā lākou iho, e hana ana i kahi hui o nā bachelors.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā lio o Przewalski e nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻūlū, kahi e hakakā ai nā kānaka olakino me ka pilikia ʻole. Hana nā Predators i nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻelemakule a nāwaliwali.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ke kau waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ka poʻe biologists ua nalowale ka lio o Przewalski, a i ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 70. ʻaʻole kekahi o kona mau lunamakaʻāinana i kū i ke kūlohelohe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o kekahi mau kahu hānai honua, 20 mau hiʻohiʻona i kūpono no ka hana kope ʻana i ola. I 1959, ka 1st International Symposium on the Conservation of the Przewalski Horse (Prague) i hoʻākoakoa ʻia, kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai kahi hoʻolālā no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha.
Ua kūleʻa nā ana a alakaʻi ʻia i kahi hoʻonui o ka heluna lehulehu: i ka 1972 ua loaʻa he 200, a ma 1985 - ua 680 i kēia manawa. I ka makahiki 1985 like, ua hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi i nā wahi e hoʻihoʻi i nā lio o Przewalski i ka nahelehele. Nui nā hana a ka poʻe hoihoi ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā lio mua mai Holland a me ka Soviet Union i ka tract Khustain-Nuru (Mongolia).
Hoihoi ia! Ua hana ʻia ia i ka 1992, a i kēia manawa ke ulu nei ke kolu o ka hanauna ma laila a ʻekolu mau kaʻawale o nā lio i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka nahelehele.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka nui o nā lio o Przewalski e noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ke kokoke nei i 300... Ke nānā nei i nā holoholona e noho ana i nā mālama a me nā pāka, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi - ma kahi o 2 tausani mau kānaka purebred. A ʻo kēia mau lio hihiu a pau i iho mai mai nā holoholona he 11 wale nō i hopu ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala ma ka Dzungarian Plain a me hoʻokahi lio wahine hānai paʻa.
I ka 1899-1903, ʻo ka huakaʻi mua e hopu i nā lio o Przewalski i hoʻolako ʻia e ka mea kalepa Lūkini a me ke aloha aloha ʻo Nikolai Ivanovich Assanov. Mahalo i kāna asceticism i ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia he 55 mau keiki i hopu ʻia i loko o nā waihona ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa (me Askania-Nova). Akā he 11 wale nō o lākou i hāʻawi hope i keiki. Ma hope iki, ua lawe ʻia kahi lio wahine i Askania-Nova (ʻUkelena) mai Mongolia i pili i ka hana hou. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau hou ʻia nei o nā ʻano i komo i loko o ka IUCN Red Data Book i kahakaha ʻia he "extinct in nature" ke hoʻomau nei.
