Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko i ka falcon ke akua ʻo Horus - ka mea mālama o nā pharaohs. I ka moʻomeheu Inca, hōʻailona kēia manu i ka lā. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā moʻolelo Slavic folklore me nā kuhikuhi iā ia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ke koa a me ka hanohano. No nā Turks, ʻo kēia ka ʻuhane o ka mea nona, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai aku a lilo aku. ʻOiai kekahi o nā kaʻao i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hūnā ʻia ka ikaika pio ʻole o Khan Tokhtamysh i loko o kāna mau falcons ʻelua. I loko o ka ʻatikala, e nānā pono ana mākou i kēia manu hoihoi a ʻike i kona mau hiʻohiʻona.
Hōʻike Falcon
ʻO kēia ka manu nui ʻēheu o ka honua... ʻIke maka a me ka ʻimi holoholona ikaika, hiki ke ʻike i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia no hoʻokahi kilomika. ʻO ka inoa o ka manu ma ka leo Lākina e like me "falco", hele mai ka huaʻōlelo "falx", ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi pahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā ʻoe e nānā i kahi falcon i ka lele ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano o nā ʻeheu i kahi pahi kākela.
Helehelena
He kino mana ko ka falcon me nā ʻeheu ikaika a ākea. Pālahalaha ākea a me nā lālā ikaika. He hanana hoihoi ko ka nuku: pōkole, e like me ka lou me ka niho ʻoi i ka ʻaoʻao luna. ʻAe ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi e wāwahi i nā kuamoʻo. ʻO ka wahi e pili ana i nā maka ke palena ʻia e ke apo apo ʻole. ʻEheu nunui. Loihi, huelo poepoe. ʻOkoʻa nā mākua mai nā hulu lele ʻōpio. I nā ʻōlapa ʻōpio, pōkole a lele hoʻi nā hulu āpau, a wehe ākea lākou i ka lele. I ka poʻe mākua, ʻo ka hulu lele wale nō ka lua, akā ʻo ia ka lōʻihi loa.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana i kēia mau palena:
- Ka lōʻihi o ke kino: a i 60 cm;
- Wingspan: a i 120 knm;
- Tail: 13-20 knm;
- Paws: 4-6 knm;
- Ching Wing: a i 39 cm;
- Kaona: kāne a i 800 gram, wahine a 1.3 kg.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine wahine Falcon ma mua o nā kāne i ke kaupaona a me nā nui āpau.
Hoʻololi ka nui o ke kala, ʻeleʻele a hina hina. Hōʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona triangular ma ka plumage o nā aka ʻeleʻele. Aia paha he pāheʻe keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me kahi ʻāpana o ka umauma he melemele i ke kala, i kuʻi ʻia e nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka hulu lele. ʻO ke poʻo me kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele. Paʻa ka hulu, kaomi paʻa i ke kino. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou e ālai i ka manu i ka wā lele, akā e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wikiwiki hou aʻe. ʻAneʻane he mau kānaka keʻokeʻo, no ka laʻana, i waena o nā gyrfalcons ʻākau. He ʻeleʻele loa, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele peregrine falcons.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Koho ʻia nā hola o ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi no ka hopu holoholona. Maʻa mau lākou i nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻohe ʻai ʻia ʻo Carrion. No ka hopu pio ʻana, hoʻohana lākou i nā hoʻolālā ʻimi ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke luʻu i lalo me ka wikiwiki, mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa. Alualu maikaʻi lākou i ka lele. ʻO ke koena o ka lā makemake lākou e hoʻomaha i nā wahi paʻakikī e hiki ai, e ʻeli i ka meaʻai. No nā pūnaewele pūnana, koho ʻia nā treetops a me nā pōhaku. Kākaʻikahi wale nō, akā hiki ke noho ʻia nā hale manu o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou i pūnana ma ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! Makemake nā Falcons e hoʻonohonoho i nā pāʻani lewa i ka lewa, e hōʻike ana i ka maneuverability a me ka nani o kā lākou lele. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ke hoʻomākeʻaka nei lākou i nā manu manu ʻio ʻē aʻe, e hōʻikeʻike nei iā lākou iho.
Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i luna loa i ka lewa, kahi hiki ʻole i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu lāua i kahi kāne a pale nui i kā lākou "ʻohana" mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana. Nā nomads falcon āpau. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻa wale lākou ma ke kāhea o nā kūlohelohe, i mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka hoʻoilo. Hana kekahi i ko lākou ola. Maʻalahi ke hoʻolana i kēia manu, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe hānai hulu ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole makaʻu iki ʻo ia i kekahi kanaka a noho paha ma kahi o nā hale kanaka... Hoihoi nō hoʻi nā hana ʻimi holoholona o falconry. ʻ saylelo pinepine nā kiaʻi manu ʻo "kuʻi" ka falcon i ka mea ʻeha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻano like ke ʻano. Loaʻa koke ʻo ia i nā pio me ka wikiwiki, nā hoʻouka mai luna mai. Hāʻawi i kahi hahau ikaika me ka nuku lou. ʻO kēlā ʻano hahau e lawa ai ka pepehi ʻana i kahi manu liʻiliʻi.
I kekahi manawa, hoʻoweliweli lākou i ka mea pio mai ka honua, lele ia a laila keʻakeʻa hiki ʻole ka falcon iā ia i ka lewa. ʻOiai ʻo nā ale koke hiki ʻole ke pakele. Hele ka mea ʻaihue i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ma ke kihi o 25 kekelē, ma ka wikiwiki a i 100 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. Pēlā nō ke pāʻani nei nā falcon me kā lākou mea pio: hiki iā lākou ke "haʻo" me ka noʻonoʻo a haʻalele i ke ala hele, akā huli lākou, hāʻawi lākou i kahi hoʻouka hou a hopu i ka pahu hopu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka falcon ka mea naʻauao loa o nā manu āpau.
Hāʻawi maikaʻi nā manu iā lākou iho i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i nā kānaka. Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e hoʻokomo pono i nā mea pāʻani i nā papa. Eia nō naʻe, mai poina ʻoiai inā hoʻopili maikaʻi ka falcon - ʻaʻole ia he ʻīlio a i ʻole he pōpoki, akā he holoholona ʻaihue kūpilikiʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke maʻa i ka mea ʻona a hōʻike i ke aloha, akā koi lākou i ka nānā kūikawā mai ka mea i ke kamaʻilio.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā falcon
Ma ka awelika, 15-16 makahiki ke kali ʻana o ke ola. Akā ola kekahi i 25 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻano falcon
Aia i loko o ka ʻohana falcon nā 11 genera. I waena o lākou:
- Karakars.5 mau moʻokūʻauhau: ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, mauna, karanchi, walaʻau.
- Nā Falcon. 6 moʻokūʻauhau: ʻakaʻaka, nahele, ʻAkupā ʻAmelika, liʻiliʻi, ʻūlū, falcons (ʻO Falco).
ʻO kēia mau mea, ka genus o falcons (ʻO Falco) ʻo ia ka mea nui a helu helu ʻekahi. Nā 40 ʻaoʻao, i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i mau hui nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana.
- ʻO Kestrels - nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele o kahi kala ʻulaʻula. Aia kekahi mau hina, akā ʻo ka hapanui ma ʻApelika. Kaulana ʻia ma ke ʻano he poʻe ʻāhi holoholona. Aia he 12 mau ʻano: Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritian, Moluccan, ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi, maʻamau, nui, ʻalopeke, ʻeleʻele, ʻōniʻoniʻo, passerine;
- ʻO nā mea hoʻokipa - kahi manu nui a wīwī hoʻi me ka plumage hina ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i ka wahi papalina. ʻElima mau ʻano like ʻole ma ka honua: ʻO Eleanor's Hobby, ʻApelika, Common, Oriental a me Australia;
- Nā Falcon ʻO ia ka hui lunamakaʻāinana. Pākuʻi ʻia ke kālā, ke ahiahi, ka umauma ʻulaʻula, Nu Zilani, ʻeleʻele, hina, ʻeleʻele, Kaiwaenahonua, Altai, Mekiko, huelo pōkole;
- Turumti a meinā paha o ka ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula – manu waena, me kahi pāpale brick-ʻulaʻula ma kona poʻo. Nā lāhui ma India a me ʻApelika.
- ʻO Kobchik - kahi falcon liʻiliʻi, like loa i nā palena a me ka lawena i ke kestrel. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 200 gram. Pokole a nawaliwali ka nuku. ʻAi wale ia i nā mea kolo nui. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā dragonflies, ʻūhini, ʻūhini a me nā nalo nui me ka leʻaleʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i koho nā manu ʻino i nā "hale" i haʻalele ʻia ma ke ʻano he pūnana. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā ʻohana a hiki i ka 100 mau lunamakaʻāinana. Hele lākou i loko o nā hipa.
- Derbnik - noho nui ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o ʻEulopa. ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, stocky me nā ʻēheu pōkole, ʻoi loa a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Noho ʻo ia ma nā awāwa kahawai, bogh sphagnum. Hōʻalo i nā mānoanoa a me nā ululāʻauʻeleʻele. ʻAi nui ia i nā manu liʻiliʻi. Kahi subspecies laha ʻole i hiki ke hana i nā pūnana ma ka honua.
- Laggar - kahi manu nui a nui. Hoʻohana hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hopu holoholona. ʻAi ʻia i nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻimi pū kekahi i nā gopher, nā hares.
- ʻO Saker Falcon - hāʻawi ʻia ma Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Kina. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kōkua weliweli loa. Piʻi ia i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 60 cm. Aia ka ʻēheu i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika. Ua like loa ia me ka perconto falcon, akā ʻokoʻa i ka malu o ke kala a me ke ʻano o nā ʻeheu.
- Merlin - ka mea pohihihi a nui loa o nā falcon. Massive, lōʻihi a ʻoi nā ʻeheu. Kaupaona ke kāne ma kahi o 1 kg. wahine ma kahi o 2 kg. ʻOkoʻa ia mai ka falcon peregrine i kahi huelo lōʻihi. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Aia kekahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o gyrfalcons ma Altai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula.
- Pākuʻi Peregrine ʻO ia ka manu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua. Manu nui, lunamakaʻāinana kahiko o ka lālau falcon. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale no Antarctica;
- Shahin - ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka falcon wao nahele no ka makemake o ke ola i ka wao akua. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi falcon peregrine i ka nui. ʻOi aku kaʻulaʻula, nā aka ocher. Kaupaona ka wahine i ka hapalua o ke kāne. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka wahine i 765 mau gram, kau kaupaona nā kāne 300-350 mau gram. Lāʻau e nalo ana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Falcon - Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcon ma ke kapakomo o Kyrgyzstan. A ʻo ka ʻāpana kālā 500 Kazakh tenge e hōʻike nei i kahi falcon - Saker Falcon.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho kēia mau manu ʻaihue ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā kia ʻākau a me ka hema. Lele aku nā ʻōpio wale nō i ka hoʻoilo. Noho nā mākua i ka home, neʻe me ke anuanu kokoke i nā kino wai. Aloha lākou i nā steppes a me nā wao akua. Makemake ʻo Gyrfalcon i nā kahakai o nā ʻāina ʻākau. Kaulana nā mauna a me nā pali nui loa ma ʻEulopa. Ua holoholo ʻo Peregrine falcons ma kahi o ko lākou ola a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā kihi o ka honua.
ʻAi Falcon
ʻAi i nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻūlū, nā kolo. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā rana, nā moʻo, a i kekahi manawa iʻa. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā holoholona koko mehana a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui. ʻAʻohe manawa o ka mea pio e ʻike ai i ka falcon ma mua a, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pakele ai. Pā ikaika ka nuku, a laila haehae ka manu i ke kupapaʻu.
Mea nui! I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, pono e hānai i ka pāʻani, a i ʻole hiki i ka falcon ke maʻi nui.
No ka ʻōnaehana digestive e hana me ka ʻole o ke kahamaha, pono nā manu he nui i ka hulu a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi. I ke kūlohelohe, e ʻai ana i nā pio a pau, loaʻa iā lākou nā mea a pau e pono ai i ka manawa hoʻokahi. He mau hola ma hope o ka pāʻina ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pellet - he ʻōpala kēia a ka manu e regurgitates ai.
Pono nā manu olakino i nā pulu maʻamau i kū ʻole i nā kiko koko a me nā pilau. No ka hānai home, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole, a me nā manu liʻiliʻi me ka ʻili ʻole. Hānai ʻia lākou ma muli o ka makahiki. ʻO ka manu nui o ka manu, pono e hānai pinepine.
- I ka makahiki o ʻelua mau pule - ma kahi o 6 manawa i ka lā. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo i hoʻū ʻia i loko o kahi hopena saline nāwaliwali. Hana ʻia kēia e simulate i ka lawai a ka makuahine, ka mea e kōkua i ka moa e ʻeli pono.
- Hiki i hoʻokahi mahina - ma kahi o 5 mau manawa i ka lā;
- Hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina - 3-4 manawa;
- A hiki i ka plumage piha - hānai ʻana i 2 mau manawa i ka lā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He monogamous nā Falcons... Hoʻokumu ʻia ka wahine i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. I nā manu e noho ana i ka hemisphere hema, mau ka manawa mai Iulai a ʻAukake. Akā no nā ʻelele ʻākau o falconry, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lā: mai Pepeluali a Malaki. Hana ʻia ka hulina moena ma ka lani. Hāʻawi pinepine ke kāne i kahi makana i ka wahine i kona nuku i ka wā o nā lele lele a kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi manawa hiki ke nānā i ka holo wikiwiki ʻana o ka wahine a me ke kāne me ka wikiwiki loa, e pipili nei i ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke lele i 10 mau mika.
Koho ʻia ka pūnaewele pūnana. ʻOi aku ka makemake ʻia o nā nooks palekana. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i ʻehā mau hua manu ʻulaʻula. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kaumaha o ka wahine, ʻo ka nui o nā keiki āna e hāʻawi ai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i nā mākua ʻelua i ka huli. Hoʻokahi paha mahina ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka helu o nā keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka pūnana ma muli o ka lawa o ka meaʻai: ʻo ka nui o ia, ʻo ka nui o nā hua e waiho ʻia.
He makua mālama ʻo Falcons. Pale aku nā moa i ka pale ikaika ʻana i ka pūnana. Akā, ke ulu aʻe nā falcon, ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, haʻalele koke lākou i ka pūnana. Inā ʻole, aia kahi makaʻu o ka holo ʻana i ka huhū mai ko lākou mau mākua ponoʻī, ka mea i manaʻo he hoʻokūkū kūlohelohe i ka ʻōpio. Aia ke oʻo makua i kēia mau manu i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He ʻenemi liʻiliʻi kā ka falcon. ʻAneʻane kokoke kēia i nā predators nui. Weliweli pū kekahi pueo iā lākou. ʻAihue nā ʻalopeke a me nā martens, nā wea a me nā ferrets i nā pūnana, ʻai i nā moa. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka falcon kahi kanaka nāna e luku i ke kaiaolaola, hoʻopau no ka leʻaleʻa a hoʻohana paha i nā mea ʻawa e mahi i nā wahi mahiʻai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka gyrfalcon i loko o ka Red Book ma ke ʻano he ʻano e hoʻemi ana i ka helu... Aia ka falcon Altai ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make. ʻAʻoheʻike hilinaʻi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka Altai falcon i kēia manawa i ka honua.
Mea nui! Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia ʻo Saker falcon, peregrine falcon a me kestrel.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka falcon e ke kanaka no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano hahai holoholona maikaʻi: ʻike maka, ikaika a wikiwiki hoʻi. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, he hoa aloha kēia manu no nā poʻe i haku i nā moʻolelo kaʻao e pili ana iā ia, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā mele a i hoʻomana ʻia ma ke ʻano he akua ola. ʻO nā mōʻī o ka lewa, nā mea ʻai nui weliweli a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona pono ʻole - pili ia i nā falcon.
