ʻO Whales (i ka Helene - "monster monster") he mau māmela lawaiʻa kai nui e pili ana i nā ʻano Cetaceans he nui wale. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo piha ʻia ke kūlana o ka inoa i kēia manawa, akā ʻo nā cetacean, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā dolphins a me nā porpoise, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka hauʻoli.
Hōʻike o ke koholā
Me nā māmela ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nā koholā i nā akemāmā no ka hanu ʻana, pili ia i ka mahele o nā holoholona mehana koko, hānai i kā lākou keiki hānau hou me ka waiū i hana ʻia e nā mammary glands, a ua hōʻemi ʻia hoʻi ka lauoho.
Helehelena
He kino kākā ko nā koholā e like me ke ʻano o ke kahawai o nā iʻa like ʻole.... ʻO nā fins, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa me nā flip, ke ʻano like me ka lobe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hopena o ka hiʻu e ke alo o kahi moʻo i kū ai i nā lobes ʻelua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka fin me ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻokūpaʻa a me kekahi ʻano "ʻenekini", no laila, i ke kaʻina o nā neʻe like me ka nalu i ka mokulele kū, hāʻawi ʻia nā koholā i kahi neʻe mua maʻalahi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā koholā, me nā iʻa, ʻaʻole pono e piʻi pinepine i ka papa o ka wai i mea e hanu ai, no laila hiki i ka hapalua o ka lolo o ka holoholona ke hoʻomaha i ka moeʻuhane i kekahi manawa.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka pale o ka ʻili o ke koholā mai nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka lā ultraviolet e nā ʻano pale like ʻole, ka mea ʻokoʻa loa i nā hui ʻokoʻa o nā mammals cetacean.
ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā koholā polū ke hoʻonui i ka ʻike o nā pigment i loko o ka ʻili, kahi e loaʻa pono ai ka nui o ka pāhawewe ultraviolet. Hoʻokumu nā koholā Sperm i nā hopena "stress" kūikawā, e like me ka pane i nā hopena o nā radical oxygen, a hiki i nā koholā fin ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano pale ʻelua. I nā wai anuanu, mālama nā koholā i kahi mahana o ke kino kūpaʻa ma muli o kahi mānoanoa a paʻa like o ka momona momona ma lalo pono o ka ʻili o kahi mammal nui. Mālama kēia papa o ka momona subcutaneite i kahi pale maikaʻi loa a piha o nā ʻōiwi o ke kohola mai ka hypothermia koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ka koholā ka mahele o nā holoholona e alakaʻi i ke ʻano o ka nohona diurnal. ʻAneʻane hiki i nā ʻelele āpau o ke kauoha Cetaceans ke noho pololei ma lalo o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohou hou ʻana o ka ea i loko o ko lākou mau māmā, akā ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ia mau māmela i hoʻohana i kēia manawa kūpono, no laila luʻu pinepine nā koholā ke kū koke kahi makaʻu koke.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Ehia na kaumaha o ke kohola
- Kohola polū a polū paha
- Nā kohola kohola
Eia nō naʻe, i waena o nā kohola he mea maoli, nā ʻauʻau kai hohonu loa maikaʻi.... ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ia mea luʻu pā ʻole ka sperm whale. Hiki i kēia kohola ke luʻu maʻalahi i loko o ka wai a hohonu o ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi, e waiho ana i ka wahi o ka wai i hoʻokahi hola a me ka hapa. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau hoʻololi i loaʻa i ke koholā, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka māmā a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hemoglobin i loko o ke koko, a me ka nui o ka myoglobin i nāʻiʻo muscle. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike haʻahaʻa ke kikowaena hanu o ke koholā i ka nui o ke kalapona kalapona. Ma mua o ke luʻu ʻana, hanu nui ke koholā, kahi i piha ai ka mūmū hemoglobin me ka oxygen a hoʻopiha ʻia nā akemāmā me ka ea maʻemaʻe.
Hoihoi ia! Pili nā koholā āpau i nā holoholona kai launa ʻole e makemake e hoʻohui i nā hui he ʻumi a i ʻole he mau haneli mau kānaka.
He holoholona nui nā koholā, akā maluhia loa. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano cetacean he nui e nā neʻe kau o ka wā. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, neʻe nā māmela i nā wai mehana, a ma hope o kekahi manawa hoʻi lākou i hope. Mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, pili pono kēlā ʻano wai wai i hoʻokahi ala wale nō, no laila, i ke kaʻina migration, hoʻi lākou i nā wahi i noho ʻia a kamaʻāina hoʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka pūʻulu koa ʻĀkia o nā koholā finina e ka hānai kauwela ʻana i ke kai o Okhotsk, waiwai i ka mahiʻai, kokoke i ka Chukchi Peninsula a me Kamchatka. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, neʻe kēlā mau kohola i loko o ka wai o ke Kai Lena a i ʻole ke kokoke aku i nā kapakai hema o Iapana.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā koholā
Noho nā ʻano koholā liʻiliʻi loa ma kahi o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia, a ʻo ke ola maʻamau o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ke kauoha ʻo Cetaceans he kanalima mau makahiki. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka makahiki o ke koholā i nā ʻano he nui: e like me ke ʻano o nā ovaries wahine a i ʻole nā pā whalebone, a me nā plug pepeiao a me nā niho paha.
ʻAno kohola
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha ʻo Cetaceans e hōʻike ʻia e nā palena ʻelua:
- Nā koholā Baleen (ʻO Mysticeti) - hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke alo o kahi ʻumiʻumi, a me kahi ʻano like me kahi kānana, aia ma ka iwi ā luna o ka holoholona a he keratin ka nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ka whisker i ka kānana ʻana i nā plankton wai like ʻole a ʻae ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia i kahi nui o ka wai ma o ka ʻano o ka waha. ʻO nā koholā Baleen ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā subdom a pau o nā koholā;
- Nā koholā niho (ʻO Odontoseti) - ʻike ʻia e ke alo o nā niho, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ia ʻano wai wai wai e ʻae iā lākou e ʻimi i ka heʻe a me nā iʻa nui, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o kā lākou papaʻai. ʻO nā mākaukau kūikawā o nā ʻelele āpau o kēia hui pū pū me ka hiki ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaiapuni, i kapa ʻia ʻo echolocation. Hoʻohālikelike pū ʻia nā porpoise a me nā ʻalā ma ke ʻano he koholā niho.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hui kohola baleen i ʻehā mau ʻohana: nā koholā minke (Balaenorteridae), nā koholā hina (Eschrichtiidae), nā koholā lahilahi (Balaenidae), a me nā koholā dwarf (Neobalaenidae). ʻO ia mau ʻohana e komo pū ana he ʻumi mauʻano, e like me ke bowhead, southern, pygmy, hina, humpback, whale polū, whale fin a me sei whale, a me nā whale minke a me minke a Bryde.
ʻO nā koholā niho me nā ʻohana:
- Nā Ganges dolphins (Platanistidae Gray);
- Dolphin (Delphinidae Hinahina);
- Narwhal (Monodontidae Gray);
- Nā koholā Sperm (Physeteridae Gray);
- Inii (Iniidаe Grаy);
- ʻO nā kohola sperm Pygmy (Kogiidae Gill);
- Pūʻulu (Zirhiidаe Grаy);
- Nā Dolphins Laplatan (Pontororiidae Gray);
- ʻO Porpoises (Рhocoenidae Grаy);
- Nā Dolphins muliwai (Lirotidae Gray).
ʻO ke kolu o ka suborder o ke kauoha Cetaceans he koholā kahiko (Archaeoseti), i kēia lā he hui pau loa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā koholā sperm, e noho nei i loko o ka wai o ka Moana Honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā ʻaoʻao anuanu a me nā ʻākau o ke anuanu, ʻike ʻia e ka mahele hāʻawi nui loa, a noho pū nā kohola sperm pygmy me nā wai mehana a mehana hoʻi o ka Moana Honua.
Pālahalaha nā koholā Baleen i nā moana, koe wale nō ka koholā kīʻaha e noho ana i ka wai Arctic, ka minke a Bryde i ke kāʻei mehana o ka Honua Honua, a me ke kohola kohola i loaʻa i ke kai anuanu a mehana o ka Hemisphere Hema.
ʻAi kohola
Hoʻololi ka papaʻai papaʻai o nā ʻāpana cetacean ʻokoʻa e like me kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻāina. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā makemake nui o ka meaʻai, noho nā ʻano koholā i kekahi mau ʻāpana kai. ʻO nā planktophages a i ʻole nā koholā kūpono e hānai nui i nā wai o ke kai ākea, e hopu ana i nā hōʻiliʻili o ka zoplankton i nā papa o ka papa, i hōʻike ʻia e nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā pteropods. ʻAi ʻo Benthophages a i ʻole kohola hina i ka hohonu pāpaʻu, ʻoiai ʻo ka ichthyophages mai ka ʻohana dolphin makemake i ka iʻa kula iʻa.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi ʻāpana nui o nā koholā minke i ka papaʻai huikau, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano crustacea a me nā iʻa, a me nā theutophages, e like me nā kohola sperm, nuku a me nā dolphins hina, makemake wale i nā cephalopods wale nō.
Hiki i nā loli kau i nā kūlana hānai ke hana i kahi fluctuation ʻoi loa i kēlā ʻano pālapa e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o nā koholā. ʻO nā koholā i hānai nui ʻia ma ka hopena o ka hānai ʻana o ke kauwela, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai maikaʻi ʻana o nā mamala ma ka puna a me ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā hoʻoulu hana, ʻaʻole ʻai iki nā koholā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano koholā āpau e hana i kā lākou keiki i loko wale nō o nā wai mehana. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka noho ʻana o nā mea māmala ma nā wahi anuanu a maʻa i ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana e hānau ai kā lākou pēpē i ka hoʻoilo, e waiho ana no nā wahi me kahi ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole nui wale nā koholā hānau hou, akā hana maikaʻi ʻia nō hoʻi, no ka nalowale ʻana o nā iwi pelvic e nā holoholona wai pēlā, kahi e hoʻokau nei i kekahi mau kapu i ka nui o ka nui o ka hānau.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana ma nā ʻano koholā like ʻole mai ka ʻeiwa a i ka ʻumikūmāono mahina, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hānau hānau ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi koholā, i hānau mua ʻia ka huelo. ʻO kahi pēpē hānau hou ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana e piʻi i luna o ka wai, kahi e huki ai i ka hanu mua loa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā keiki i ke kaiapuni hou a hoʻomaka e ʻau a maikaʻi me ka wiwo ʻole. I ka manawa mua, noho mau nā keiki a kokoke i ko lākou makuahine, ʻaʻole wale ia e kōkua i kā lākou neʻe ʻana, akā e palekana ia e like me ka hiki.
Hānai pinepine nā keiki keiki a pili pono i ka piko o ka makuahine kokoke i kēlā me kēia hapahā o ka hola.... Ma hope o ka omo ʻana i ka piko, mahalo i ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mākala kūikawā, ʻimi ʻokoʻa ʻia ka waiū mehana i loko o ka waha o ka pēpē. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ʻano, hana nā cetaceans ʻokoʻa i nā nui o ka waiū, i hoʻololi ʻia mai 200-1200 ml i nā dolphins a hiki i 180-200 liters i kahi kohola polū nui.
ʻO ka waiū mai nā ʻelele o ke kaʻina o nā cetaceans he mānoanoa loa, momona i ke kala a ma kahi o ʻumi mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka waiū o ka bipi kuʻuna. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpikipiki, ʻaʻole pālahalaha ka waiū kohola i loko o ka wai, a hiki ke hala ka wā lactation mai ʻehā mau mahina a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki a i kekahi manawa pili pū kekahi me ka hāpai keiki hou o ka wahine.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā koholā e nā mākua makua i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole e waiho ka wai nui o nā wai ʻimi i nā keiki i ka makaʻu. ʻOiai inā he koholā i ke au haʻahaʻa e komo i loko o kahi wai pāpaʻu a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻau iā ia iho, e kali nō kona makuahine no ke kai a lawe i kāna pēpē i kahi maikaʻi loa, ʻoluʻolu loa. Hiki i nā koholā makua ke ʻāwīwī wiwo ʻole e kōkua i nā kohola harpoon, a hoʻāʻo e huki i kā lākou mau keiki mai ka moku. ʻO kēia kūpaʻa palena ʻole o nā koholā makua a nā ʻō koholā e hoʻohana pinepine ai i ka wā e ʻumeʻume ai i nā mea nui i ka moku.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā koholā Beluga he mau koholā hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hana pinepine i nā dolphinariums a me nā sirkus, no laila mahalo nui ʻia nā keiki bipi o kēia ʻano.
Kaulana nō ia e ʻike ʻia nā koholā e kahi ʻano pīhoihoi e hoʻopūʻiwa ai i kā lākou keiki bipi wale nō, akā i nā ʻohana pū kekahi. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻelele āpau o ka pūʻali Cetaceans e haʻalele i nā mea maʻi a ʻeha paha i ka pilikia, no laila e hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopakele i kēlā me kēia hihia.
Inā nāwaliwali loa ka kohola a hiki ʻole ke kū kaʻawale i luna e hāhau i ka ea i loko o nā akemāmā, a laila hoʻopuni kekahi mau kānaka olakino i kēlā holoholona e kōkua e puka aʻe, a ma hope iho ua kākoʻo pono lākou i ka mea pili.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka make kohola ke komo pū i ka lawaiʻa ʻana... Eia nō naʻe, maʻamau kekahi o nā maʻi parasite koʻikoʻi i nā cetaceans. Hoʻokumu pinepine nā Cetaceans i nā kūlana ʻili e hoʻonāwaliwali ai, e like me ka ulcer, nā maʻi fungus, a me ka huehue malignant. Eia kekahi, hoʻopili ʻia nā koholā e nā maʻi iwi a me nā puʻupuʻu iwi nui a i ʻole nā exostoses, nā ulu iwi paʻakikī a i ʻole nā synostoses.
Hiki i kahi māmmal nui ke ʻeha mai ka periostosis, ka piko o nā ā a me kekahi mau maʻi niho, nā maʻi pathology, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā abscesses o nā akemāmā, pulument pneumonia, cirrhosis o ke akepaʻa, nā puʻupuʻu o ka gastric a me nā pōhaku ureteral, e hoʻopili aku i nā maʻi lele, e like me erysipelas a i ʻole erysipeloid.
ʻO kekahi o nā dolphins a ʻaʻole nui nā koholā nui i make i nā kaua hahana me nā koholā mea pepehi kanaka. Hoʻokumu pū ʻia ka hōʻino nui i ka heluna lehulehu e nā parasites like ʻole, i kū e nā trematodes, cestodes a me nā nematodes. ʻO Barnacles a me nā kime kohola i kapa ʻia he mau ectoparasite maʻamau i nā koholā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ke emi mau nei ka helu o kekahi ʻano kohola ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia ʻana o ka nohona o ia mau māmela. ʻO kahi laʻana, he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi nā nūnū ʻo Ganges i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka International Red Book a loaʻa iā lākou ke kūlana o "Endangered Species", a ʻo ka heluna lehulehu o nā koholā hina Pākīpika he mau haneli mau holoholona, a he iwakālua wale nō mau kānaka he mau wahine makua. World Whale Day - Pepeluali 19. Ma kēia lā Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1986 i pāpā loa ʻia nā ʻaihue kohola āpau.
I kēia lā, pāpā ʻia kekahi ʻimi holoholona no nā kohola ʻaneʻane pau i ka make.... ʻO ka kohola polū, kohola kīʻaha, kohola hina a me ke koholā humpback ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i ka luku ʻana me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻole o nā mea hānai mamake no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka momona.
I Lūkia, ʻo ka ʻāpana Red Book me nā kohola koholā, nā ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo o ʻAkelanika, a me nā iʻa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a me ka Dolphin bottlenose Sea, porpoise, narwhals, bottlenose highbrow, koholā nuku, hina, bowhead, Kepanī, willow, nā koholā ʻākau ʻākau a me nā koholā humpback. Minamina, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ia mau holoholona ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book ʻaʻole ia he kumu hōʻoia piha o kā lākou pale a hoʻopakele paha mai ka make ʻana.
Nā koholā a me nā kāne
Ua ʻimi lōʻihi nā poʻe i nā koholā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka momona a me nā iwi, a ʻo ka whalebone waiwai nui hoʻi. Hoʻohana hoʻohana ʻia ka momona kohola a me ka lade e hana i ka margarine, ka glycerin a me ke kopa, a ua loaʻa nā iwi a me nā koholā o nā koholā i kā lākou noi i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano mea kāhiko a me nā figurine kumu, a me nā corset a me nā pā.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa kohola i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o kekahi mau kīʻaha, e like me nā sausages a me nā sausages liʻiliʻi, nā cutlets a me nā pates, a me nā ʻiʻo jellied. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻa koholā ʻono a olakino hoʻi i ka meaʻai kē kēa.
Mea nui! I kēia lā, ua kapu loa nā ʻāina he nui i ka lawaiʻa kohola ʻana, me kā lākou hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā hana noiʻi a no nā pono o kekahi mau lāhui ʻōiwi.
