ʻO Coyotes, ʻo ia hoʻi i kapa ʻia nā ʻīlio ʻulāulu (Latin translates as "barking dog".
Hōʻike Coyote
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano coyote e nā ʻāpana ʻumikūmāiwa, ʻumikūmāono o ia poʻe e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o ʻAmelika, Kanada a me Mekiko, a ʻekolu mau mea ola e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Waena. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Honua Hou, ua noho ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu e ka niche like me nā ʻīlio hae ma Eurasia.
Helehelena
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kino o nā coyotes ma lalo o nā ʻīlio hae maʻamau.... ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi predator makua he 75-100 cm wale nō, a ʻo ka huelo ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka mika. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona i nā mea mae wale ma mua o 45-50 knm. Hoʻololi ka awelika o ka predator ma waena o 7-21 kg. Me nā ʻīlio hihiu ʻē aʻe, loaʻa nā ʻīlio hae prairie i nā pepeiao a me kahi huelo fluffy lōʻihi.
Hoihoi ia! He huluhuluʻeleʻele ko nā mauna coyotes, ʻoiai he hulu ʻeleʻele māmā nā mea wao nahele.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā coyotes e nā huluhulu ʻeleʻele lōʻihi me ka hina a me nā pāleʻele. Ma kahi o ka ʻōpū, māmā loa ka hulu, a ma ka piko o ka huelo, he ʻeleʻele maoli ia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻīlio hihiu maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā coyotes e kahi mūlū ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku hoʻi, kahi ʻano like me ka ʻalopeke i kona ʻano.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻo Coyotes ma mua o nā ʻīlio hae e noho kokoke ana i ka nohona kanaka a noho panalāʻau i nā panalāʻau kokoke like me nā kānaka. ʻO nā ʻīlio hae Meadow, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, heʻe i nā wahi nahele a makemake i nā wahi pālahalaha - nā pāpū a me nā wao akua. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia lākou ma waho o nā megacities a me nā wahi noho nui. No nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā mea āpau āpau, ʻo ka hōʻike o ka hana nui loa me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka auwina ke ʻano.
Maikaʻi ka ʻeli ʻana o nā mākua ma ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua, akā hiki nō iā lākou ke noho i nā hale hakahaka o haʻi.... ʻO ka panalāʻau maʻamau o kahi predator ma kahi o ʻumikūmāiwa mau mile, a hoʻohana ʻia nā ala mimi no ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona. Ma nā wahi e nalo loa ai nā ʻīlio hae a i ʻole he mea nui ʻole ko lākou helu, hiki i nā coyote ke hanau wikiwiki a me ka hana.
ʻOiai kona liʻiliʻi, hiki i kahi mammal predatory ke lele i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mika a hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 40-65 km / h ke holo nei. ʻO ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Canidae e neʻe nei i ka wāwae o nā mea i loaʻa a aʻaʻa me ka ʻole o nā pilikia ma kahi o nā ʻano hou. I ka manawa mua, ʻo ka wahi noho o nā coyotes ma ka hema a ma waena wale nō o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, akā i kēia manawa ʻaneʻane noho ʻia ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa e nā ʻāpana.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā coyotes?
I ke kūlohelohe, noho maʻamau nā coyotes ma mua o he ʻumi mau makahiki, a ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o kahi mea ʻaihue i ke pio ʻana ma kahi o ʻumikūmāwalu makahiki.
ʻAno Coyotes
I kēia manawa, ʻumikūmāiwa mau ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio prairie i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa:
- C. latrans latrans;
- C. latrans kāloti;
- C. latrans clerticus;
- C. latrans diсkeyi;
- C. latrans hoʻohoka;
- C. latrans goldmani;
- C. latrans hondurensis;
- C. latrans imperavidus;
- C. latrans incolatus;
- C. latrans jamesi;
- C. latrans lestes;
- C. latrans mearsi;
- C. latrans microdon;
- C. latrans ochropus;
- C. latrans peninsulae;
- C. latrans techensis;
- C. latrans thammnos;
- C. latrans umрquensis;
- C. latrans vigilis.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka mahele hāʻawi nui o ka wolf prairie e pani ʻia e ke Komohana a me ka ʻaoʻao waena o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka luku nui ʻia ʻana o nā wahi nahele a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻokūkū nui e pili ana i ka meaʻai, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi, ua ʻae ʻia nā coyotes e hoʻolaha ma nā ʻāina ākea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pae o ka mōʻaukala.
Hoihoi ia! Maʻalahi loa ka hoʻololi ʻana o Coyotes i ka ʻāina anthropogenic, a ma nā wahi mauna ʻike ʻia ia mau mea ʻaihue ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua a ʻekolu kaukani mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
I hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻo nā ʻīlio hae prairie nā kamaʻāina maoli o ka nahele, akā i kēia manawa ua loaʻa nā coyote ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, mai Central America a i Alaska.
ʻAiʻai Coyote
ʻO nā Coyotes he omnivorous a unpretentious loa i nā mea ʻaihue meaʻai, akā ʻo kahi ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai e hōʻike ʻia e nā meaʻai o nā holoholona, e like me nā hares a me nā lāpaki, nā ʻīlio prairie, nā marmots a me nā squirrels o ka ʻāina, nā meheu liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā Raccoons, nā ferrets a me nā posum, nā beaver, nā manu a me kekahi mau mea kolo e lilo pinepine i mau coyotes. ʻAʻau maikaʻi nā ʻīlio ulu a hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi kūleʻa i nā holoholona wai like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia e nā iʻa, nā rana a me nā newts.
I nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei o ke kauwela a me ke kau mua, e ʻai hauʻoli nā ʻīlio hihiu meadow i nā hua a me nā ʻano huaʻai like ʻole, a me nā peanuts a me nā ʻano pua sunflower. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, e noho ana nā coyotes i nā ʻāina ʻākau i kahi papaʻai e ʻoluʻolu hou aʻe a hānai i ke kino a nāwaliwali, nā holoholona kahiko a maʻi paha. ʻO ka poʻe Predators e noho ana i nā pāka aupuni e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke i ka poʻe, no laila hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā lima kanaka mai.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻike o ka gastric o coyotes, ʻo ka papaʻai maʻamau o kahi predator:
- carrion - 25%;
- nā rodents liʻiliʻi - 18%;
- holoholona - 13.5%;
- dia hihiu - 3.5%;
- manu - 3.0%;
- nā mea kolo - 1.0%;
- nā holoholona ʻē aʻe - 1.0%;
- nā huahana mea kanu - 2.0%.
ʻAʻole hoʻouka iki nā ʻīlio wahine Prairie i nā holoholona nui a me nā holoholona nui, a me nā dia ahiu, akā hiki iā lākou ke alualu i nā keiki hipa a i ʻole nā keiki bipi hānau hou.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hōʻike ʻo Coyotes i mau pālua i hoʻokahi manawa a no ke ola. He kuleana nui a makaʻala nā ʻīlio ʻo Meadow, e mālama pono ana i kā lākou keiki. ʻO ka wā o ka hoʻoulu hana ʻana i Ianuali a i Pepeluali paha. He mau mahina ʻelua ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Ma hope o ke ʻano o nā pēpē, ʻimi nā ʻeke coyotes makua i ka lua a kiaʻi pono ʻia ka lua, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi lua papau a i ʻole ka lua pōhaku. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻohana o nā ʻīlio hae prairie he mau hale kaʻawale ko lākou, kahi e hoʻololi ai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki i kahi kānalua iki o ka pilikia.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio wahine Prairie ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā, ma ke ʻano he mau kaulike, hoʻohui wale nā kāne male ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ʻelua mau makahiki. I ka ʻōpala, hānau pinepine ʻia mai ʻehā a ʻumikūmālua mau ʻīlio pēpē, a ʻike ʻia i nā lā he ʻumi wale nō. No ka mahina mua, hānai nā coyote i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ka waiho ʻana o nā keiki i ko lākou lua, a kūʻokoʻa loa nā ʻīlio i ka wā wale nō. Haʻalele pinepine nā kāne i ka lua o nā mākua, ʻoiai ʻo nā wahine makua, ma kahi ʻē, makemake lākou e noho i ka ʻohana makua. ʻO ka helu nui o nā holoholona ʻōpio i make i ka makahiki mua o ke ola.
Mālama like nā mākua ʻelua i ka mālama like ʻana i nā pēpē ulu... I nā lā mua loa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka lua, no laila, ʻo nā pilikia āpau o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai e hoʻoponopono wale ʻia e ke kāne, ka mea i waiho i nā koʻokoʻo ma ka puka o ka lua, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hōʻuluʻulu hou i ka meaʻai hapa hapa. Ke ulu iki nā pēpē, hoʻomaka nā mākua ʻelua e komo i ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO ka pinepine, hānau ʻia nā pēpē mai ʻelua a ʻekolu mau wahine a hānai pū ʻia i kahi lua nui. Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia ke hele pū ʻia nā coyotes me nā ʻīlio hae a i ʻole nā ʻīlio hihiu a hihiu hoʻi, e hopena ana i nā kānaka hapalua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o nā coyotes makua nā cougar a me nā ʻīlio hae. Hiki ke maʻalahi ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā mākua piha pono ʻole i nā pio no nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻio, pueo, cougars, ʻīlio nui, a i ʻole nā ʻeke coyotes makua ʻē aʻe. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, hiki i ka hapalua o nā ʻōpio ke ola i ka makahiki ʻōpio.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū meaʻai nui e hiki ke kipaku aku i ka coyote mai ka ʻāina i noho ʻia.
ʻO nā maʻi ʻino he nui, e like me ka rabies a me nā maʻi nematode, he kuleana no ka nui o ka make ma waena o nā ʻīlio hae prairie, akā manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka he ʻenemi nui nā coyote. ʻO nā ʻīlio pickling a me nā pahele, strychnine a me nā maunu arsenic, a me ka puhi ʻana i nā wahi āpau i hoʻohana ʻia e hakakā me ka lehulehu e ulu wikiwiki nei o nā coyotes. ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia ʻo ka pesticide "1080", ka mea i hoʻopau loa i ka hoʻopau ʻana ʻaʻole wale nā coyotes, akā he nui nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ke hōʻiliʻili nei i ka lepo a me ka wai, lāʻau make "1080" i hōʻeha ʻole i ke kaiaolaola, no ka hopena ua pāpā loa ʻia ia no ka hoʻohana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻolahalaha a maʻamau nā ʻīlio hae Meadow... ʻO Coyotes, ma ke ʻano he ʻano, ua hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia i ka hopena o Pliocene, ma kahi o 2.3 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I loko o kēia manawa ua hoʻokele nā coyotes e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou iho mai ko lākou kūpuna maʻamau i kā lākou ulu ʻana. I kēia manawa, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻīlio hae prairie ma waena o nā laha, ka heluna lehulehu o lākou e hopohopo iki ai.
