ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko θύμαλλος, no laila mai ka inoa o ka hina ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi "iʻa iʻa wai ʻike ʻole ʻia". Ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina ua kapa ʻia ʻo Thymallus, a ʻo ka "hina hina" Lūkini me ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻolokeʻa mua mai nā ʻōlelo o ka hui Baltic. ʻO Grayling ka inoa launa no ka iʻa no ka ʻohana hina a me ka ʻohana salemona.
Hōʻike o ka hina
ʻAʻole like kēia iʻa nani me ka salemona, ʻoiai no ka ʻohana like ia.... Hāʻawi ka poʻe loea i ka hina i ka mea nani i waena o nā iʻa salemona āpau.
Helehelena
Maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Grayling mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻo nā ʻohana pili hoʻi, e kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona - kahi fin dorsal nui e like me ka hae a i ʻole ka peahi, i hiki ke pelu a kokoke i ka fin caudal. ʻO kēia "hae" e kikokiko e like me ka ʻaoʻao i luna.
Nui ka iʻa ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā kūlana i ulu ai:
- he aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ka waihona wai;
- saturation o ka wai me ka oxygen,
- ka nui o ka waihona meaʻai;
- ʻano māmā;
- ka mahana o ka wai, etc.
I nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ulu liʻiliʻi ka hina hina a paʻakikī i kahi kilokika i ka makahiki 7 (Transbaikalian grey). I nā wahi maikaʻi, hōʻea ke kaumaha i 5-6 kg (i ka hina hina o ʻEulopa a me Mongolian). ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau e pili ana i 3-4 kg. ʻO ke kino o ka iʻa ma kahi o 30 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kānaka i hiki i ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā mea kū i ke ʻano o ka nohona e hoʻopili wale i ka nui a me ke kaumaha, akā i ke kala o ka hina hina, a me nā nuances o ke ʻano o ke kino.
Kino ikaika ka hina hina, kahe ʻia, kahi e hiki ai ke heʻe i nā wai kahe wikiwiki. Uhi ʻia me nā unahi nunui e hoʻopili ana i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole. Ma ka kua kahi peʻapeʻa dorsal nui e like me ka fan, a me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe - kahi finipili adipose liʻiliʻi, kahi hōʻailona o ke kumu ʻāpana salmon "hanohano". Aia nā pelvic a me nā pectoral fins, caudal a me nā anal fin.
Waha nā liʻiliʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "luna", ʻo ia hoʻi, wehe ʻia i ka papa o ka wai. Nawaliwali nā niho, aia me kahi "palaki" ʻike iki ʻia.
ʻO Grayling lanakila 'o ia iā ia ma ke' ano he iʻa nani a nani. Hoʻopili ʻia ka leo ʻeleʻele hina o ke kua me nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, e hele ana i ka fin dorsal. Mālamalama nā ʻaoʻao i ke kālā, hina ka ʻōpū.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema e pili ana i 40 mau ʻano o ka fin dorsal nui o ka hina, ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano, ka nui, ke kala, nā lau o nā kiko a me nā kaha.
ʻEʻeleʻele nā hoka i ke kala, i kekahi manawa hoʻolei lākou i ka poni (huelo) a i ʻole melemele (ʻōpū a me pectoral). Hiki ke loli ke kala o ke kino; loaʻa ka hina i nā wahi like ʻole:
- ʻeleʻele;
- me kahi lilac;
- ʻike ʻia;
- hina hina;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO kēlā pena kala nani e kōkua i ka hina ʻana i camouflage a ola i nā hanana like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nani a me ka ʻōlinolino o ka wā o ka wā spawning. I nā kauā ʻōpio, "fry" ke kala - i kahi ʻāpana pouli ākea. Mālama kekahi ʻano iā ia i kahi mokuʻāina makua, ʻo ka maʻa mau he mau ʻano dwarf ia e noho ana i nā loko kuahiwi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻO Grayling kahi "noho-ma-ka home" i waena o nā iʻa, alakaʻi ia i kahi nohona noho a ʻaʻole holo hou i 10-30 km mai kona ʻāina kai lalo. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻokoʻa o nā laha - ka iʻa i loko o hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka waihona i interbreed wale nō me kekahi. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ka manawa e hānau ai no ka hina hina ʻana i nā kahawai wikiwiki: i ka puna e hele ka iʻa i nā kumuwaiwai a piʻi i nā kahawai me nā kahawai wai, a hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻomaopopo pū kēia noho ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hina. Momona nā poʻe Lacustrine me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ko lākou mau wahi noho, a hele nā kānaka o ka muliwai e hānai ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole leʻaleʻa ka iʻa, nalowale "i ka hui" wale nō no ka wā hana pēpē
Auila kuhikuhi ke ʻano o ka mea ʻaihue. ʻIke nui ʻo Grayling, nānā i nā loli liʻiliʻi: kahi aka e hina i ka wai, nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi angler a i ʻole he koʻokoʻo lawaiʻa, neʻe kokoke i ka wai a me ka wai. Ua loaʻa ka makaʻu kūpono, peʻe koke ka iʻa no ka uhi.
Ke ʻimi nei i nā hola o ke kakahiaka, hoʻopiha ka hina i kona ʻōpū, a i ke ao e kiʻi wale ia i nā midges ʻono mai ka papa o ka wai - kapa ʻia kēia "hoʻoheheʻe". I ke ao, hūnā ia i ka hapanui ma nā hohonu a me nā hale malumalu - algae, pōhaku, gullies. I kekahi manawa "pāʻani" ka hina hina e ka lele ʻana i waho o ka wai a hoʻohuli i nā kekelē 360 i ka lewa, e hana ana i nā somersaults a me nā flips. Pēlā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai ke kino ikaika iā ia iho e ola i nā wai wikiwiki.
Wā ola
Noho ʻo Grayling ma kahi o 14 mau makahiki, mākaukau no ka hānau keiki ma 3-5 mau makahiki.
Lāʻano hina
Māhele ʻia ʻo Grayling i mau ʻano e ka helehelena. ʻOiai pili pono ia i ka nohona, ua loaʻa i nā laha i nā inoa o nā wahi like.
ʻEkolu ʻano nui o ka hina hina me nā mea ʻohana he nui.
Hina hina Mongolian - ka nui loa o ka ʻohana hina.
Hina hina ʻEulopa - me nā kala ʻōniʻoniʻo a me ka fin dorsal nui.
Hinahina Siberian - iā ia ka waha nui loa, ʻeleʻele ke kala, ʻalani ke kala o nā ʻāpana paʻa, ʻulaʻula poni, ma ka umauma kahi ʻulaʻula. Nui kona ʻano, ʻokoʻa i ka nohona, ke kala a me nā nuances o ka fin dorsal nui:
- Nā lālā ʻĀpana Siberian ʻIlani - ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi fin dorsal ākea, e hinuhinu ana me nā mea hao, me nā kiko nui;
- Nā mea kōkua Siberian Hikina - nui loa ka fin, ke pelu ʻia ʻaneʻane hiki i ka huelo, ma waena o kāna mau kukuna he mau laina ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula;
- ʻike maka ʻia nā ʻāpana Kamchatka, aneane pili nā kiko, nui kona poʻo a me kona waha;
- Nā ʻāpana Alaskan - heʻuʻuku ka fin, ʻo ke kumu o nā kiko ma luna ona i kūkulu ʻia i nā lālani;
- nā ʻāpana Amur - ma nā wili ventral - nā kaha ʻulaʻula oblique me kahi aniani poni;
- Baikal keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā inoa o ka lāhui hina, noho kēia iʻa i nā panalāʻau e pili ana.
- Ōlelo Monokolia - nā kino wai o uka o ka piko komohana ʻākau o Mongolia;
- ʻEulopa - nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai a me nā loko ʻākau (Ladoga, Onega, a pēlā aku), ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a me Baletika, nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Volga, Dniester, Ural-muliwai;
- Siberian - ʻo Siberia āpau: nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai nui (Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur) a me nā loko, me Baikal.
Noho wale ʻo ia i ka wai hou. Makemake ʻo Grayling i ka wai wikiwiki a maʻemaʻe o nā kahawai anuanu a i ʻole ke aniani o nā loko wai puna, a makemake ʻo ia e "kū" ma luna o kahi papa pōhaku a pebble paha. Ma kahi e hiki ai, koho ʻo ia i nā holo wikiwiki. ʻAʻole nona nā backwaters hohonu, no ka manawa hoʻoilo wale nō ia e komo ai i loko o nā lua. ʻO ka nui o ka waihona wai, ʻo ka mamao aku o ka hina hina mai ke kahakai, e ʻauʻau kokoke ana i nā hola alualu i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi.
No kahi noho paʻa (kahi hoʻomoana), he mea nui ia i kahi hina e loaʻa kahi ʻano o ka puʻuhonua kokoke: nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu paha ma lalo, nā ʻauwai, nā lālā lāʻau e kau ana i ka wai. Akā i ka manawa like me kēia mau ʻano, pono pū ka hina hina i kahi hiki maʻemaʻe, kahi e nānā ai i ka mea pio mai lalo o ka wai. Inā noho ka hina hina i loko o kahi loko nui, kokoke ia e kau i nā shoow pāpaʻu (a i 2 m hohonu) me kahi papa pōhaku.
ʻAiʻai hina
ʻO kēia iʻa, i kapa ʻia he predator, he omnivorous maoli. ʻO ka papaʻai nui nā mea kolo - midges, cicadas, grasshoppers, lele, gadflies a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka hemahema e lele kokoke i ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole e nalo ka poʻe nui i ka manawa kūpono e alualu iʻa, ʻoi aku ka ʻai. Inā iole, shrew a i ʻole vole hāʻule i loko o ka wai, e ʻoluʻolu ka hina me ia me ka leʻaleʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kolo, hānai ka hina i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ka lalo - gammarus crustaceans, lele caddis, mollusks, mayflies, etc. Makemake ʻo ia i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻaʻole kekahi o kēia, e ʻai ʻo ia i ka limu.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻEkolu manawa i kuʻu mai ai ʻo Grayling: i ke kau waena a i ka hopena o ka puna, a ʻo ʻAukake hoʻi... No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻo ia i kāna wahi wai anuanu e hoʻomehana i +5 - +10 kekelē Celsius. No ka hoʻoulu ʻana iʻa, koho ʻia nā wahi pāpaʻu (30-60 cm mai ka ʻilikai o ka wai) me ke kahe wikiwiki ʻole a me ka ʻiliʻili o ka ʻiliʻili, a me nā poʻe noho loko no ka lawaiʻa ʻana e hoʻokokoke i ka wai pāpaʻu kahakai a i ʻole e hele i nā kahawai e kahe ana i nā kahawai.
ʻO nā lā Siberian e lūlū i ka manawa o ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i nā kahawai - ʻo kēia ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela kauwela pōkole. No kēia kumu, waiho ka hina i nā kahawai nui i loko o nā kahawai, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ʻia ai ka wai i ka wā o ka wai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā wahine o ke oho hina, ke kūkulu nei i nā pūnana hanauna kūikawā, hoʻolei i nā hua he nui (3-10 tausani), e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i nā ʻāpana. ʻO kēlā me kēia hua manu ma kahi o 3 mm ka nui, melemele māmā. Ma hope o 15-20 mau lā, e pā mai ka mau ʻōpala mai nā hua manu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole ʻai ʻo Grayling no ka hapa nui o ka poʻe noho muliwai, eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka iʻa nui e like me ka taimen a me ka pike hiki ke lilo i mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Hiki i nā mink, otters, beaver, a me nā manu lawaiʻa e like me kingfishers a me nā mea ʻūlū ke ʻimi hina. Mākaukau ka moa e ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa a me nā manu ʻē aʻe, keu hoʻi nā terns e ʻiʻini nei no lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Mai ka kenekulia 19, ua emi ka heluna o nā lehulehu o nā ʻano nui Hinahina Siberian i loko o nā kīʻaha o ka ʻOka, Volga a me nā kahawai ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā liʻiliʻi, nā kahawai “kahawai” e hoʻihoʻi koke i kā lākou helu, no ka mea pinepine lākou i ka ulu ʻana a ʻaʻole hoihoi no ka lawaiʻa ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka make ʻana o ka hina.
Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kahi mau wahi noho, hiki i kahi mea anthropogenic ke lilo i mea nui - haumia o ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai, kahi e koi nui ai kēia iʻa, a i ʻole kahi lawaiʻa ikaika loa.Hina hina ʻEulopa ʻike ʻia i loko o ka papa inoa o ka pale e like me ka Berne Convention, a ua komo pū ʻia i loko o nā puke Red o Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Estonia, Kelemania a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻO kēia iʻa kekahi punahele no ka lawaiʻa. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole wale ke ʻono kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻiʻo, akā he hana ʻimi holoholona hoihoi nō hoʻi.
Mea nui! Lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻana i nā mea palena palena palena ʻole, ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa leʻaleʻa ma lalo o kahi laikini.
He iʻa ikaika, naʻaupō a akahele hoʻi ʻo Grayling, no laila, he hanohano no ka mea lawaiʻa ka hopu ʻana i kahi hoa paio. No nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka hina hina kahi hana kūikawā. ʻAno palupalu ka ʻiʻo Grayling, hoʻomanaʻo i ka trout i ka ʻono.
