Pēlā e unuhi ʻia ai ka inoa Lākina o kēia pōpoki nui "Panthera onca", "catcher with thorns". ʻO kēia feline nui loa ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus panther ma kēia mau kapakai. ʻElua wale nō ʻāpana o nā pōpoki predatory i ʻoi aku ma mua ona, akā noho lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Aia kekahi kaʻao, ʻo ia ka jaguar ka holoholona mua a Columbus i ʻike ai i kona wā i komo mua ai i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika. A ua hoʻāla nā kamaʻāina i kēia mea i ke kūlana mystical a hoʻomana iā ia. ʻO ka inoa "jaguar" mai ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Quechua Indians, kahi e pili ai ke "koko".
Hōʻike Jaguar
ʻO ka wildcat panther ʻike ʻia ka mea nui nui o ʻAmelika... ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka laha i 68,80 cm, ma ka awelika 75 cm. He kino lokomaikaʻi ko Jaguars ma kahi o 120-180 cm ka lōʻihi, a hiki ke pōkole ko lākou huelo - 45-50 cm a i ʻole 70-90 cm. mai ka nui, kaumaha nā holoholona mai 68 a 136 kg. E like me ka ʻaneʻane o nā māmela āpau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a māmā ma mua o nā kāne ma kahi o 1/5.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka kaupaona moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kahi jaguar kāne he 158 kg.
Noho ʻo Jaguars e noho nei i nā ākea ākea ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa noho i nā ululāʻau nui. ʻO kēia paha ma muli o nā pūʻā nui o nā ungulate e noho nei i nā ʻāpana steppe, a ʻo ka hopena - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu holoholona ʻana o nā mea ʻino.
Helehelena
- ʻO ke poʻo a me ke kino. Aia ka mana a me ka ikaika i ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia pōpoki nunui. Hoʻohālikelike ka ʻāpana ikaika a ʻehā i ka kino wīwī. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i ka jaguar mai ka leopadi, kahi e like loa me ka waihoʻoluʻu - kona nui nui a me kona poʻo nui, me kahi iwi poʻo e like me ko ka Tiga. Liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao, lawe lima, a ʻano poepoe.
- Pākuʻi Jaguar ʻaʻole lōʻihi inā lākou no ka lokomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa, no laila ke nānā nei ka holoholona i kahi squat liʻiliʻi. Akā mana nui lākou, a hōʻike pinepine i ka ikaika, ʻaʻole wikiwiki, ʻoiai e holo wikiwiki loa nā jaguars, a me ka hoʻouka kaua.
- Hulu Jaguar palupalu, mānoanoa a pōkole hoʻi. Hiki i ke kua o ke kino ke ʻokoʻa i ke one a me ka ʻulaʻula, nā wahi ʻeleʻele o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui i hoʻopuehu liʻiliʻi ʻia ma luna o ia mea: nā ʻeleʻele paʻa, nā apo, nā rosette, ka nutria nona nā hulu i ʻeleʻele aʻe ma mua o ke koena o ke kino. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino ka ʻōpū, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, keʻokeʻo nā wāwae mai loko mai. Pāpīpī ʻia ke poʻo a me nā wāwae me nā kikoʻu ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā pepeiao me kahi kiko melemele i waenakonu.
- Kani ʻia nā kani... I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, ʻaʻole e namunamu ka jaguar, akā haʻahaʻa, ʻōhumu ʻo gutturally. I ka pō, hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia i ka ululāʻau me kahi halulu kuli, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi liona. ʻO ka leo maʻamau o kahi jaguar e like me ke kani ʻana o ke kani o kahi kani ma luna o kahi lāʻau a i ʻole kahi kohukohu hoarse. I ke kau moʻo, hums and purrs.
I nā genes o ka jaguar aia kahi kala ʻeleʻele, e like me nā panther, ʻaʻole hōʻike iki ʻia e ka hānau ʻana o nā cubic monochrome (melanists) i nā kānaka ʻike maʻamau. Ua pūʻiwa ka poʻe āpau i nā "panther" liʻiliʻi i hānau ʻia e kekahi mau jaguars ma ka Odoo Zoo: mai loko mai o 4 mau keiki kime, ʻelua i ʻike ʻia, a ʻelua ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
E like me nā pōpoki āpau, koho nā jaguars a "mālama" i ko lākou ʻāina... Hana lākou hoʻokahi. Hiki i kekahi holoholona ke "loaʻa" kahi ākea mai 25 a 100 mau kilomika kilomika, he pālua ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Koho nā kāne i nā wahi triangular no lākou iho, e hoʻololi ana i ke "kihi" kahi e huli ai lākou i kēlā me kēia 2-3 lā.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mau makahiki, ua hala ka jaguar i kāna mau waiwai ma ka palena. Ke kiaʻi makaʻala nei i ka ʻāina mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka feline - pumas, ocelots, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ka jaguar i ka hele ʻana i nā palena me kahi ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kona ʻano.
Ala ka Jaguar manawa. Ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā a i nā hola wanaʻao, hana nui ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona. Hoʻokumu ka mea ʻaihue i kahi hoʻohālua i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, ma nā lālā o kahi lāʻau, peʻe ma ke kahakai kokoke i ka lua wai. Ma kahi mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, wikiwiki ia mai ka hope a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao, e lālau paʻa i ka ʻāʻī, e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻoki koke a hou ʻia paha i ka iwi poʻo me kāna mau niho ʻāʻī. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hope loa nā maʻa o ka jaguar wale nō; ʻaʻa iki nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe i ko lākou poʻo.
Hoihoi ia!Inā he bipi ka mea pio, ʻimi ka jaguar e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i lalo i ka honua i mea e kuʻi ai ke poʻo a ʻeha iā lākou ma mua o ka make ʻana iā lākou. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hoʻohana i kā lākou mau niho - haki wale ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i kona ʻāʻī.
Inā he pepeiao pepeiao ko ka mea hiki ke loaʻa a lohe i ka holoholona ma mua o ka holo, ua laki ʻo ia - he manawa kūpono kāna e heʻe ai, ʻaʻole ʻāwīwī ka jaguar e alualu. Akā i loko o ka wai, kahi jaguar, ʻauʻau maikaʻi a aloha i kēia mea, e hopu maʻalahi me kāna mea pio. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o nā jaguar e hoʻouka nei i nā crocodiles, e hopu ana i ka iʻa, nā honu manu. ʻAʻole hoʻouka iki ka jaguar i kahi kanaka, a hana ʻole ia, ke hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ʻo ia i kahi kumu kolohe. ʻO nā hakakā āpau ma waena o nā poʻe a me nā jaguars ka pale ponoʻī o ka hope. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kahi holoholona ʻōpio pīhoihoi ke alualu i kahi kanaka no ka hoihoi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā jaguars
I ka nahelehele, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi jaguar ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 10-12 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, ola nā pōpoki nui a 25 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ka nohona o jaguars e holo nei ma nā ʻāpana Mexico a me nā moku komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho nā holoholona i nā palena ʻākau o ʻAtenitina a me Paraguay, a me ke kapakai o Venezuela. Noho nā jaguars nui loa ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Brazil, Mato Grosso. ʻO ka lehulehu o nā jaguars ka mea nui i ka awāwa ʻo Amazon.
Pono kahi jaguar i kekahi mau mea e ola ai:
- kahi kumu wai ma kahi kokoke i ka nohona;
- nā greens lahilahi no nā camouflage ʻoiai e ʻimi holoholona ana;
- ka hana kūpono i ka nui o ka nui.
Hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe iā lākou i kēlā mau kumuwaiwai i nā wao nahele tropika, nā kahakai ʻohe kai, nā awāwa kahawai, kokoke i nā kahawai. I nā wahi maloʻo, aneane ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā jaguars. Akā hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā kuahiwi, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2700 m (nā poʻe o ka Andes). Ua hui ʻia kahi jaguar ma Costa Rica ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3800 m, akā he hihia kaʻawale kēia, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole nā nāhele mauna e ʻumeʻume iā lākou.
Meaʻai Jaguar
He holoholona ʻaihue ʻo Jaguar, karnivora ikaika... Huli ʻo ia i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me ka mea noiʻi, ma kahi o 85 mau ʻano o nā holoholona like ʻole i hāʻule i loko o kāna mau niho. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi mōhai i kaupaona a 300 kg. ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia no kahi jaguar he holoholona nui "ʻiʻo" - ungulate, like puaʻa, me nā holoholona.
ʻAʻole e hoʻowahāwahā ka jaguar i ka mōneka, ka manu, ka ʻalopeke, ka porcupine, nā meheu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo. Alive kokoke i ka wai, hopu kēia iʻa nui iʻa me ka leʻaleʻa.
ʻO kahi mea leʻaleʻa kūikawā no ka jaguar ka honu: hiki i kona mau ā luna ikaika ke ʻūlū ma waena o ka pūpū ikaika. Makemake ka jaguar e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua manu kuhukukū, e huki ana i ka paʻa mai ke one. ʻAi holoholona ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ʻai i ka ʻaka. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i ka mea i pepehi ʻia hou mai ke poʻo, neʻe i ka ham. Inā laki ʻoe e luku i kahi holoholona nui, ʻaʻole e waiho ka jaguar iā ia no kekahi mau lā i ka lālani.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO kaʻenemi koʻikoʻi a weliweli hoʻi no kahi jaguar kahi kanaka e ʻimi holoholona iā ia ma muli o kona hulu nani. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi kēia mōʻī o ka ululāʻau: i kona wahi noho, ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ka kaulahao meaʻai.
Mea nui! Hiki iā ia ke hakakā no ka ʻāina me nā cougars nunui, ka mea maʻamau iā lākou, akā i kekahi manawa e loaʻa ana nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hālāwai kekahi mau jaguars i kekahi manawa me nā mea kūpilikiʻi weliweli a koʻikoʻi hoʻi - nā caimans, ʻoiai lākou e huki nei i nā moʻo 2-mika mai kā lākou mea maoli. Ke ʻimi nei i nā mea kolo nui, hiki i kekahi manawa ke lilo i mea hōʻeha ʻia e anaconda a i ʻole boa constrictor iā lākou iho.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻohe o Jaguars i kahi kau moʻo kikoʻī. Mākaukau kahi wahine no ka male ʻana (i ka makahiki 3) e "hoʻomaopopo" i nā kāne e pili ana iā ia, e māka ana i nā kumulāʻau me ka mimi, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā "vocalization" ʻano e pane ai nā kāne me ka uē o ka heahea.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻowalewale kekahi mau mea alualu jaguar iā lākou ma ka hoʻohālike ʻana i ke kāhea male o ka wahine. ʻO Jaguars, ka mea maʻa maʻamau, ʻo kēia wale nō ke hui pū i nā hui.
Akā ʻaʻole hakakā nā kāne i waena o lākou iho, koho wale ʻia ka koho e ka wahine mare a neʻe iki i ka pūnaewele o kāna mea i wae ʻia..
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale lāua. Hana ka wahine i kahi pūnana nona iho i waena o nā mānoanoa, i loko o kahi lua huna a i ana paha, kahi ma hope o 100 mau lā o ka hāpai ʻana hānau 2-4 kittens. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā jaguars liʻiliʻi e like me ko lākou mau mākua, nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele manoanoa i ko lākou huluhulu. ʻAʻole hoʻokuʻu ka makuahine iā lākou i waho o ka lua i nā mahina 1.5 mua o ko lākou ola.
Eia naʻe, hānai lākou i ka waiū o ka makuahine no ma kahi o 5-6 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka makuahine e lawe iā lākou me ia e alualu a hiki i ka manawa a lākou e ulu a hiki ke noho i kahi ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā keiki hānau i kū i ko lākou wā makua. Hiki i kahi jaguar ke hānau ma o ka moʻa ʻana me ka panther a me ka leopadi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua hana ʻinoʻino ke kanaka i ka heluna jaguar ma ka hopu holoholona ʻana iā lākou e pale aku i kā lākou holoholona a no ko lākou hulu nani. Ma mua, ua hālāwai lākou ma Uruguay a me El Salvador, i kēia manawa ua luku ʻia lākou ma laila. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hana holoholona, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi noho o nā jaguar e 2/3 o ke kumu. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻimi holoholona, hōʻemi ke kanaka i nā wahi kūpono no kēia mau mea ʻaihue.
I kēia lā ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā jaguars, akā, eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka IUCN International Red List e like me ka mea ʻaneʻane make. Eia nō naʻe, ma Brazil, Mexico a me Bolivia, ʻae ʻia e alualu iā lākou me kekahi mau kapu.
