ʻO ka iʻa kapā kahi iʻa wai nui nui e pili ana i ka ʻohana carp. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka carp kālā. ʻAi ia i nā "mea liʻiliʻi" e noho ana i ke kolamu wai, mahalo i ka kānana ʻana iā ia ma o kahi kānana kūikawā.
Hōʻike o ka carp kālā
He iʻa nui a hohonu kai ke kālā carp, ʻo ka nui i hiki ke piʻi i 150 kenimika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 27 kilokilo... Aia kekahi mau ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i ka hopu ʻia ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka carp kālā e kau ana ma luna o 50 kilokilo. Ua lilo kēia iʻa kula i punahele na nā lawaiʻa he nui ma muli o ka nui o ka nui a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai.
Helehelena
ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o kona kino he kālā kala like. Hiki i ka'ōpū mai keʻokeʻo silvery a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ma luna o ke poʻo nui o ke kala kālā he waha huli ʻole, waha ʻole. Aia nā maka ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo a kuhi ʻia i lalo i lalo.
ʻOkoʻa ʻokoʻa ia mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i ka hanana ākea o ka lae a me ka waha. ʻO ke kaupaona poʻo poʻo poʻo kālā he 20-15% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino. ʻO nā maka haʻahaʻa ākea e hoʻolōʻihi i ka lae.
ʻO ka carp kālā ma kahi o ka waha maʻamau me nā niho kahi hāmeʻa kānana. Ke nānā aku nei e like me nā gills fuse, e like me ka huahu. Ma muli o kēia ʻano, hoʻohana ʻo ia iā lākou ma ke ʻano he kānana e hopu i ke kumu meaʻai nui - plankton. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka carp kālā i nā loko iʻa hoʻoulu iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama pono iā ia mai ka hoʻohaumia a me ka pua o ka wai. Lōʻihi ke kino o ke kala kala, a ʻoiai ka nui, uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
Noho ke kala kala i ka papa waena a luna o ka hohonu. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia i loko o nā wai o nā kahawai nui, nā loko wai mehana, nā loko, nā wai i hoʻi i nā wai i pili i nā kahawai nui. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka wai neʻe e like me ka wai kū. Noho mālie, wai mehana me ke au akahai - kahi kūpono no kona noho ʻana. Ua makaʻu ʻo ia, malia paha, ma ke kahe wikiwiki loa, ma ia mau wahi ʻaʻole ʻo ia e noho lōʻihi. ʻO ko lākou mau wahi punahele kahi pāpaʻu me kahi au māmā, one, pōhaku a lepo paha, a me nā waihona wai ʻona i waiwai i ka plankton momona.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hopu i kahi kāpena kālā, pono ʻoe e nānā iā ia ma nā kahawai kua mālie, mamao loa mai ka walaʻau o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā alanui nui. Hiki i ke kāpena kala keʻae i ka laulā o ka mahana (0 a 40 ° C), nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa, a me ka wai brackish liʻiliʻi. Hoʻololi ke ʻano o ke kala kala i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki.
Hoihoi ia!I ke kauwela, ke iho ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo o 8 ° C, hōʻiliʻili ka iʻa i ka papa momona. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu (i ka hoʻoilo), lele ʻo ia i loko o kahi hiamoe nui. E hana i kēia, koho ke kāpuni kālā i nā lua hohonu ma ka lalo o ka waihona wai.
I ka puna, hoʻopiha ka wai i ka detritus a me ka plankton, i kēia manawa hele ka carp kālā i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ma hope o kahi hibernation lōʻihi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, nānā ʻo ia i ka hohonu a i ka wā e mahana ai ka wai a i ka 24 ° C piʻi aʻe ia i luna.
I kēia manawa, hopu ka iʻa, kaʻi ʻia e ka pōloli, i kēlā me kēia maunu, me ka ʻoweliweli e hopu maʻalahi ʻia. I ka hopena o Mei, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ia ma kahi ʻāpana o ka huʻa a i ʻole kahi kānana paka.
Wā ola
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ke carp kālā ke ola i 20 mau makahiki. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hoʻoulu ʻenehana, pono ʻole kēia, no laila, hopu ʻia ia no ke kūʻai aku ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i 2-3 mau makahiki, ke hiki i ka nui i makemake ʻia.
ʻAno carp kālā
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia he 3 ʻano o ke kālā kala - carp carp, variegated a me hybrid.
- Lunamakaʻāinana mua - He iʻa kēia me ke kala māmā o kona mau ʻohana. He awelika kona kino. Noho ke poʻo i ka 15-20% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino. He iʻa vegetarian kēia ʻano, no ka mea hānai wale ia ma ka phytoplankton.
- Lunamakaʻāinana ʻelua - kahi mea nui aku, me kahi poʻo nui. ʻO kona kaupaona he ʻaneʻane hapalua o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kona ʻemi i kāna koho ʻana i nā meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā pepperlankton a me nā bioplankton.
- Manaʻo hope - kahi huahana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea hoʻohua. Ua omo ʻo ia i ka huina o nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻano ma mua. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa o kēia ʻano i nā mahana wai haʻahaʻa. He poʻo liʻiliʻi kona e like me ka carp kālā, ʻoiai ke kino e ulu a nui.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o nā laha, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻaʻole wale i ka helehelena a me ka nui, akā i nā makemake ʻono hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano like ʻole i nā meaʻai like ʻole, a mākou e kamaʻilio hou aku ai ma hope iki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka Carp carp i hānai mua ʻia ma United States i nā makahiki 1970. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ia ma nā wahi he nui i ka waena a me ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho lākou a hānau i ke kahawai ʻo Misisipi. He kamaaina ke kala kala no na kahawai nui ma Asia Hikina. ʻO Carp carp kahi kamaʻāina piha o ka Moana Pākīpika, mai Kina a i ka Hikina hikina Lūkia a, ʻo Vietnam paha. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia iā lākou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e like me Mexico, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, nā Greater Antilles, nā Moku Pakipika, ʻEulopa a me ko ʻAsia āpau ma waho o kā lākou kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka iʻa Carp Carp i hoʻolauna mua ʻia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e kahi lawaiʻa iʻa Arkansas i ka makahiki 1973. Ua hana ʻia kēia e kaohi i ka pae o ka plankton i nā loko iʻa, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia ka carp kālā e like me ka iʻa meaʻai.
Ma ka 1981, ua ʻike ʻia i loko o nā wai kūlohelohe o Arkansas, ma muli paha o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai nā pūnaewele aquaculture. Ke hoʻolaha laha aku nei ke kala kala ma nā kahawai o ka Basin ʻo Misisipi, i hōʻike ʻia ma 12 a ʻumikūmālua mau mokuʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia lākou ma Iowa i ka makahiki 2003 i loko o ka wai o ka Des Moines River, akā ua noho pū nō hoʻi ma nā kahawai ʻo Misisipi a me Missouri. Ua aʻa ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻoili iā ia i nā kahawai o Lūkia a me Ukraine.
ʻAiʻai kala Carp
ʻAi wale ka iʻa carp kālā i nā mea kanu mea kanu, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi i loko o ka phytoplankton... ʻO ke kīʻaha ʻono loa nona ka polū ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hopu ana i nā wai hou āpau me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela. Mahalo i kēia, he kipa malihini kipa kālā i nā waihona kūmau, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i kēia mau limu ke kōkua i ke kaua i ke kumu nui o nā maʻi i loko o ka waihona wai.
Hoihoi ia!Pili ka papaʻai o ka Carp Carp i kona mau makahiki a me nā laha. ʻO kēia mau mea he plankton nui nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
ʻAno like ke carp kālā i ka makemake o ka mea hoʻoulu mea kanu. Akā, me ka phytoplankton, komo pū ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi loa o nā holoholona i loko o kona ʻōpū. Mahalo i kahi papaʻai momona, ulu wikiwiki ia, hiki i ka nui o ka nui ma mua o ka carp kālā.
ʻO nā hana a nā mea hānai Lūkini ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana o kahi carp kālā hybrid, mahalo i ke keʻa o nā ʻano ʻelua i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna, ua hoʻohua. Ua kōkua kēia i ka hoʻohui i kā lākou pono i hoʻokahi ʻano.
ʻAʻole poʻo ka poʻo o ka carp kālā hybrid e like me ka nui o ka variegated, ʻoiai ka nui o kona nui. ʻOi aku ka laulā o kāna papa kuhikuhi. Ma waho o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona plankton, pili pū kekahi i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, hoʻololi ʻia kāna ʻōnaehana digestive i nā hoʻohuihui hānai kūikawā no ka hoʻoulu hānai.
ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka hopu ʻana i ka carp kālā e manaʻo ʻia he mālie a me ka wai mahana piha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānai ʻana o nā iʻa, lana kokoke i ka wai o ka wela i hoʻomehana ʻia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka carp kālā i ʻAmelike Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoi aku ke kikoʻī iā Arkansas, i ka makahiki 1973, me ka pahuhopu o ka kaohi ʻana i ka phytoplankton i loko o nā kino wai, wai hoʻowahāwahā, a me nā lagoon. Ma hope koke iho, ua hānai ʻia lākou i loko o nā keʻena noiʻi lehulehu a me nā wahi aquaculture pilikino. Ma nā 1980, ua loaʻa nā carps kālā i loko o ka wai hāmama i ke kahawai ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Misisipi, no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana paha o kahi jig iʻa i ka wā o nā kahawai.
Hiki i nā Carps kālā i ka wā ʻōpio i 3-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka manawa o ka male ʻana i Iune, ʻoiai i kēia manawa kū ka wai i kahi mahana maikaʻi loa - 18-20 ° C. Hiki i ke anuanu ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua manu, no laila e nānā nā iʻa i kahi mehana ʻo ia.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Pink salmon (Onchorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Lāʻau pinepine
- ʻO ka iʻa Rotan (Perssottus glienii)
- Asp iʻa
Momona loa ka carp kālā. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o kēlā me kēia, hiki iā lākou ke kiko mai 500,000 a i 1000,000 mau hua. Hoʻokomo pono ka wahine carp kālā iā lākou i ka limu i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopili. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka palai hānau hou ma mua o 5.5 mm. Hānau ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua. Ma hope o 4 mau lā, ua pōloli ka palai a mākaukau e ʻai. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā ʻenekane ponoʻī no ke kānana ʻana i ka plankton mai ka wai i loko ona. Hoʻololi ka carp kālā variegated a hybrid i nā ʻano meaʻai ʻē aʻe ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa, a hānai ka mea keʻokeʻo i ka phytoplankton.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mau ʻenemi kona, akā hiki i ke carp kālā iā ia iho ke hana i kekahi mau pilikia, no kekahi poʻe o ka wai, a no nā lawaiʻa ponoʻī e ʻimi iā ia. I ka nahelehele, hiki i ka carp kālā ke hōʻino i nā lāhui maoli ke ʻai lākou i ka plankton e pono ai i nā iʻa larval a me nā kūmole e ola. Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi carp kālā i nā mea holo moku ma muli o kā lākou "aloha i ka lele".
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ka carp kālā no kēlā me kēia lawaiʻa. No laila, heʻuʻuku kā lākou helu ma ka nahelehele. I nā kūlana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai, nui nā mea o lākou.
Hana pinepine ka carp kala i nā kani kani. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke lohe ʻana i ke kani o ka moku moto a i ʻole hoe hoe i ka wai, lele iʻa ka iʻa kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka wai. Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o kēia iʻa i kahi nui kupaianaha, he mea weliweli ia no ke kanaka o ka moku. Hiki i ke carp kālā ke lawe i nā maʻi he nui, e like me ka tapeworm ʻAsia, i hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
He kakaikahi loa nā kāpili kālā purebred i koe. I ka manawa like, ke hānai nui nei lākou i ko lākou mau hoahānau paʻa a hiki ke ola ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation a ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o kēia mau panalāʻau.
I kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻAmelika, ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi hakakā ikaika me kēia ʻano iʻa. ʻAʻole i helu ʻia kekahi o nā ʻāpana carp kālā i loko o ka Red Book, a ʻaʻohe ʻikepili kikoʻī e pili ana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano.
Waiwai kālepa
Hana ʻia nā mahiʻai iʻa he nui i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka carp kālā. Hele maikaʻi lākou me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ulu i nā nui nui, a kōkua pū kekahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka waihona wai, ke pāʻani nei i ke ʻano o nā hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano hānau ʻana he waiwai nui, keu hoʻi ma kahi pāʻoihana. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ke kālā kālā kala i loko o ka loko iʻa i piha i ka hana i ka iʻa.
Piha kaʻiʻo Carp carp i nā meaola... ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻono ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mauʻu mauʻu. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka carp kālā me kahi papa mālama i nā manawa o nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract. Aia ka pōmaikaʻi nui i ka waiwai piha o ka omega-3 a me ka omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. Kōkua kēia mau mea i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, ka ulu ʻana o ka pale ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nani maoli a me nā ʻōpio o ke kino. ʻO kaʻiʻo momona i nā minelala a me nā huaora e hoʻolauna i ka hana ʻana o hemoglobin, e hoʻonui ana i ka hopena antioxidant i ke kino.
He iʻa kūikawā ʻo Carp carp no ka meaʻai meaʻai o ka poʻe e makemake ana e lilo i ka paona. I ka wā o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ke anuanu, lilo ka hapa o kāna ʻike calorie. 100g o ka huahana i hoʻopau e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 78 calories. Nui ka momona o ka carp kālā i ka protein, a ʻo kona ʻano momona ka mea like me ka iʻa kai. ʻO nā pāʻina mai kēia ʻano iʻa e mahalo nui ʻia e ka poʻe me ka maʻi kō. Hiki i kā lākou hoʻohana pinepine ʻana ke kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae kō kō.
Mea nui!Hiki i kēia ʻano iʻa ke lawe i nā parasites i kumu i ka metagonimiasis ke ʻai ʻia. Ua like lākou me nā ilo me nā ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi, 1 mm ka nui, a he aʻa maikaʻi i nā ʻōpū.
I ka wā maʻi a ke ulu nei lākou i loko o ka ʻōpū, hōʻino ʻia ka membrane mucous. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻike ʻia ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi pākī, ka pīhoihoi a me ka luaʻi. Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka maʻi ke holomua i loko o nā ʻōpū a hiki i 1 makahiki.
