ʻO Common, Danube, bream hikina (lat. Abramis brama) kahi ʻelele wale nō o ka genus o bream (Abramis), no ka ʻohana carp (Cyrrinidae) a me ke kauoha o cyprinids (Cirriniformes). Kapa ʻia nā ʻōpio o ka bream i lalo, a kapa ʻia nā mea kahiko he chebaks a i ʻole kilaks.
Hōʻike o ka bream
I ka helehelena a me nā ʻano maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo kahi mea ʻole ʻoihana hiki ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi iā ia iho pehea e ʻokoʻa ai ke kahakaha makua mai kahi ʻōpio a i ʻole ka pāpā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 80-82 cm me ka awelika o 4.5-6.0 kg.
Helehelena
He kino kiʻekiʻe ko ka iʻa o kēia ʻano, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ia mea ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka huina lōʻihi o kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Carp. No ka bream, liʻiliʻi ka waha a me ke poʻo i ka nui, ʻoiai ka waha o ka iʻa e pau i loko o kahi tubible retractable... Pōkole a kiʻekiʻe ke kīpoki dorsal, me ʻekolu kukuna paʻa a ʻaʻohe lālā a ʻumi mau kukuna lālā palupalu.
Hoihoi ia! No nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana Carp a me ka genus Bream, ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā niho pharyngeal hoʻokahi lālani, kahi e loaʻa ai, ʻelima mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka fin anal, e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ke kumu o ka fin dorsal, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻekolu ʻike paʻakikī a me nā kukuna palupalu. Ma waena o nā anal a me nā pelvic fin, aia kekahi keel kūikawā, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā unahi. I ka bream makua, hina ka ʻaoʻao i hope a brown paha, ʻulaʻula ke ākea o nā ʻaoʻao, a he wahi melemele i ʻōlelo ʻia. Hinahina i nā waihoʻoluʻu āpau o ka bream, me ka maʻamau me nā ʻeleʻele. He silvery ke ʻano o nā ʻōpio i ke kala.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻO Bream kahi iʻa akahele a wīwī hoʻi me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi, nā lawaiʻa ʻike pono e noʻonoʻo i ka hopu ʻana iā ia. Noho kēlā iʻa ʻaʻole i ka wai muliwai a me ka loko wale nō, akā i loko o nā waihona wai. I ka wai o ka wai, ulu iki ka bream i kona nui i hiki. Hilahila loa nā iʻa kula. I ka nui nui, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻākoakoa nā hipa he nui ʻaʻole wale i ka poʻe ʻōpio loa - nā mea kolo, akā ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka laha.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka waha, hiki i ka bream ke hānai pololei mai lalo, no laila ke kumu o ka ʻai o ia iʻa. ʻAi wale ka lunamakaʻā o ka genus bream i nā larvae, nā pūpū, nā ʻāhā a me nā limu. ʻO kahi kula nui lawa o ia iʻa hiki ke wikiwiki a hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka wahi o lalo, kahi e kōkua ai i ka neʻe mau ʻana o ka bream i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻoholo, hoʻoholo ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o kahi ʻohana e ke alo o nā huʻa o nā kinoea bog, e lana ikaika ana i luna o ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, hiki i ka bream ke hoʻokokoke i ke kahakai a i ʻole nā one one, no muli o ka ʻimi a ʻaneʻane mau o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Makemake ʻo Bream i nā wahi me ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe o kēia manawa, a ʻo nā wahi kūpono no ia mau iʻa he mau wahi ia i ʻike ʻia e nā kahawai, nā lua hohonu, nā ʻūlū nahenahe, nā pali kūpikū, ka pālolo a me ka lepo silty. ʻAʻole kokoke kokoke ka poʻe nui loa i kahakai, no laila makemake lākou e noho i kahi hohonu kūpono. Hiki ke nānā ʻia ka bream liʻiliʻi ma kahakai, i nā ulu lāʻau me nā mea kanu wai nui. I ka hoʻoilo, hele ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu loa.
Wā ola
Wahi a nā ʻike a nā ʻepekema a me nā loea, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā iʻa e pili ana i ka sedentary form of bream ma kahi o 22-27 mau makahiki.... ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o ka semi-anadromous bream hiki ke ola ʻaneʻane ʻelua mau manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, no laila ʻo ia mau kānaka, ma ke ʻano he rula, noho ma mua o 12-14 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā wahi kūlohelohe o kahi lunamakaʻāinana wale nō o ka genus o ka bream kahi kokoke i nā waihona kūlohelohe ma ke kikowaena a me ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Bream i nā Urals, i nā kīʻaha Irtysh a me Ob, a me ke kīʻaha o Lake Baikal a me nā wai o ka waihona wai Krasnoyarsk.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā iʻa o kēia ʻano i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ka Caspian a me Baltic, ʻEleʻele a me Azov, a i loko hoʻi o ke Kai ʻĀkau. Aia kekahi heluna nui o ka bream i kekahi mau loko ma Transcaucasus, ma ke kahawai ʻo Amur, a hiki i nā wahi hema loa o Kina.
ʻAiʻai o ka bream
Ma waho aʻe o nā crustacean planktonic, nā ʻokoke, i loaʻa pono ʻia e nā iʻa pololei mai ka honua, kekahi o nā mea pono nui o ka bream. Makemake nā bream makua i nā crustacea a me nā invertebrates benthic, ma muli o ka niho hoʻokahi a me nā niho pharyngeal nāwaliwali loa.
ʻAi pū ʻo Bream i nā ʻano mea kanu mea kanu. I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, mālama maʻalahi ʻia nā ʻāpana meaʻai āpau e nā iʻa pololei mai ka wai me ke kōkua o nā ulu kūikawā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau stamens lālā i nā lālani pālua ma kēlā me kēia o nā kahakahana lālā. I nā lunamaka o ka genus bream, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā stamens lālā a ʻano manoanoa hoʻi, me nā kahawai transverse aia ma waena o lākou. Aia ia ma nā kahawai e huki ʻia ai nā mea ʻānai āpau e hui pū ʻia me ka wai. ʻO ka wai i kānana ʻia i kēia ala e hoʻokuʻi ʻia ma waena o nā aʻa aʻa, a ma hope e kiola ʻia ia mai lalo o nā uhi i kapa ʻia ʻo nā aniani.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka unpretentiousness pili ʻole o ka bream i ka papaʻai e ʻae a maʻalahi hoʻi e hopu i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano no nā ʻano maunu e like me ka palaoa me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā worworms a me nā ilo, nā pihi, nā pi a me nā kulina paha.
No ka bream, ʻo nā mea nui o ka meaʻai nā larvae mosquito, a i ʻole nā worworms a me nā ʻano crustacean planktonic āpau. ʻO ka papaʻai kūikawā o ka bream ma muli o kahi hiʻohiʻona anatomical hoihoi loa o ka iʻa - nā stamens i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia me kahi mākala kūikawā. Kūleʻa a maʻalahi kēia muso i nā stamens, inā pono, i ka ʻaoʻao. Ma muli o kēia ʻano hana, he mea kū hoʻokahi ia no ka nui o nā iʻa carp, bream, e noho ana i nā kino wai kūlohelohe, e like me ka panalāʻau o Nūlani, lilo koke i ʻano laha, a ʻo ka hopena, hoʻololi lākou i nā iʻa e pili kokoke loa ana, e pili ana i ka bream kālā a i ʻole roach
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma ka hapa waena o ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻomaka ka bream i ka hana hou ma mua o nā lā mua o Mei.... ʻO kēia manawa ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lunamaka o ka genus o ka bream i nā hui o nā makahiki like ʻole. He mea maʻamau kēia mahele no nā iʻa kula. I loko o ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka hana, hoʻololi ka bream i ko lākou kala, loaʻa nā malu pouli, a uhi ʻia ke poʻo poʻo o nā kāne me nā warts liʻiliʻi, a i ko lākou helehelena ua like ia me ka ʻehu.
Lawe wale ʻia ke kaʻina hana kope i nā hui, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kula iʻa e puka aʻe ma hope iki o nā mea ma mua. Hoʻokahi mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana, me ka nānā ʻole i kahi. ʻO ka wahi hānau no ka bream e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka mauʻu mauʻu mauʻu, ma kahi mamao kūpono mai ka wahi hoʻokaʻawale paʻa. No ke kumu o ka hana hou ʻana, hele i luna ke kāne, a akahele hoʻi a nui nā wahine e hele mai ma hope o lākou.
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, waiho kēlā me kēia kula iʻa o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa i nā hua i loko o kahi manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā. Eia nō naʻe, pili pono ka manawa i nā kūlana kūloko a me ke anilā. Hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua manu me kahi ʻano melemele iki. ʻO ka huina nui o nā hua i loko o ke kanaka makua hoʻokahi ma kahi o 130-140 tausani ʻāpana. ʻO nā helu kiʻekiʻe o ka momona e ʻae i ka helu o ka bream e noho i kahi pae kūpono a hiki i nā kūlana o ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa kalepa.
Hoʻopili nā hua i kau ʻia e ka bream wahine i nā wana lau nahele i kahi e ulu pololei ai ka iʻa. ʻO nā hua manu ʻaʻole i pili pono i nā lau nahele wai a puka i ka papa e make kokoke koke a ʻai ʻia e nā tern a me nā ʻōkule. I mea e holo maʻamau ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua, pono lākou i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ka mahana ma kahi o 10e pili anaC a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka wai anuanu loa i loko o ka waihona wai e make ai ka nui o nā keiki bream.
Mea nui! Ma nā panalāʻau o nā wahi hema, ulu a ulu a wikiwiki ka bream, no laila, hiki i kēlā mau kānaka ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki 3-5. Eia nō naʻe, i kou neʻe ʻana i ka nohona ʻākau, piʻi nui ka makahiki o ka moekolohe ʻana o ka bream, a 5-9 mau makahiki i hala.
Ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻohui koke ka bream makua i ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi he mau kaukani kanaka. ʻO ua ʻohana lā i alakaʻi ʻia i lalo no ke kumu o ke kūleʻa holoʻokoʻa, i lawe ʻia i nā wahi o ka iʻa iʻa maʻamau, e like me nā lua o lalo a me nā wahi wai kahawai me kahi kumu lepo. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi hōʻuluʻulu nui o ka iʻa ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana e ʻike ʻia i nā nāhelehele ʻohe a me ka mauʻu mauʻu mauʻu, kahi e lawa ai ka nui o ka plankton no ka hānai ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa carp, ulu wikiwiki ka bream a ulu ikaika loa... ʻO ia mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻelele o ka genus o bream a me ka ʻohana carp hāʻawi i ka iʻa i nā mea maikaʻi he nui. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki i nā kaʻina ulu wikiwiki ke hoʻemi i ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka wā weliweli a paʻakikī hoʻi o ke ola o kahi iʻa, ke loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi i ka bream a maʻalahi ka mea lawe na nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO ka nui o ka ulu o ka bream e ʻae i kēlā iʻa e aneane pau loa i waho o ka "kaomi" kūlohelohe o ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino i ka makahiki he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, akā mau nō nā ʻenemi nui. Hoʻopili kēia i ka pike lalo nui, kahi mea weliweli a ʻoi hoʻi no nā iʻa mākua. ʻO kekahi kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka weliweli i ke ola a me ke olakino o ka bream nā ʻano parasites āpau, e like me ka ligul tapeworm, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e kahi pōʻai holomua paʻakikī. Komo nā hua manu o ka helminths i ka wai o ka waihona me ka excrement o kekahi mau manu ʻai iʻa, a ua ale ʻia ka larva hatched e ka nui o nā crustacean planktonic nāna e hānai. Mai ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa, komo maʻalahi ka larvae i nā lua o ke kino, kahi e ulu ikaika ai a hiki i ka make o kā lākou mea hoʻokipa.
I ke kauwela, bream, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā lawaiʻa, nā iʻa ʻaihue a me nā manu, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe. I loko o nā wai mehana, hiki i ka iʻa ke maʻi pinepine a hoʻopilikia ʻia paha e nā tapeworms, a me kahi maʻi fungal koʻikoʻi o nā gills - bronchymicosis. Eia nō naʻe, he maʻi a palupalu nāwaliwali i lilo pinepine i waiwai no nā ʻoka o ka waihona - nā pikes mākua a me nā ʻōkena nui loa, ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna o nā iʻa olakino.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka helu o nā lunamakaʻā o ka genus o ka bream e pili ana i ka ʻohana o cyprinids a me ke kauoha o nā carps i nā kino wai kūlohelohe hiki ke loli maoli, kahi e pili pono i ka kūleʻa o ka wā hānau.
ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka semi-anadromous bream ke kū mai o nā kahawai kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ke kahe o nā wai o ka wai hema o ka moana hema, ua emi ka nui o nā kahua hānau i kūpono no ka hānau hānau ʻana.
Mea nui! I kēia lā, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka breur Amur ʻeleʻele ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha a makaʻu hoʻi o ka iʻa iwi, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻohana carp a i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book o ko mākou ʻāina.
I mea e mālama pono ai i nā waihona waiwai nui, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau mahiʻai lawaiʻa kūikawā, a ke hana ʻia nei nā hana e hoʻopakele ai i ka brevive ʻōpio mai nā kino wai papau i ka nalo ʻana o ke kamaʻilio me nā muliwai. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ka lawaiʻa kūlohelohe ʻana i nā waihona kūlohelohe a me nā waihona hana hana, hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua wai e lana ai kūikawā. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā hopena o ka nui o ka bream i kekahi mau waihona i hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e nā maʻi ʻino o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole.
Waiwai kālepa
Liʻiliʻi ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka bream ma nā wahi kai. Lawe ʻia ia i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela e nā hui lawaiʻa mīkini me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lawaiʻa passive, me nā mea huna a me nā ʻupena paʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā seine kūwaho i ka wā kau. Hāʻawi nā lula lawaiʻa i kēia manawa no ka hoʻohana ʻoi loa ʻana o ka lehulehu o ka bream nui, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka wahi i pāpā ʻia ma mua o ka estuary, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka lawaiʻa kai ma ke kai, a me ka palena o ka manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā puka a me nā mea huna i ka wā mai ka mua o Malaki a 20 ʻApelila
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma nā kahawai, ka manawa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka bream i ka delta i hoʻonui ʻia, mai ʻApelila 20 a Mei 20.... ʻO nā hana i hana ʻia i mea e hoʻonui iki ai i ka ikaika o nā hana lawaiʻa i ka delta a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka iʻa o ka muliwai a me nā iʻa semi-anadromous, me ka bream. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ke hoʻomau nei nā hana āpau i kēia ala i kahi pae haʻahaʻa.
