ʻOiai ʻo ka manō kohola ke poʻo inoa o ka iʻa nui loa ma ka honua, ke hoʻomau nei ia i ka hana ʻino ʻole i nā kānaka. ʻAʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe, akā mau ka neʻe ʻana, ka omo ʻana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā "lepo ola" ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike o ka manō koholā
ʻIke ʻia ka manō koholā e nā ichthyologists i kēia mau lā.... Hōʻike ʻia ia no ka manawa mua ma 1928. ʻIke pinepine ʻia kona mau kahakaha e nā lawaiʻa maʻamau, mai kahi o nā kaʻao e pili ana i kahi moʻo nui e noho ana i ka ʻilikai i hohola. Ua wehewehe nā mea ʻike maka like ʻole iā ia i kahi ʻano weliweli a maka ʻole hoʻi, me ka ʻike ʻole i kona hōʻino ʻole, ʻoluʻolu ʻole a me kona ʻano maikaʻi.
Ke kuʻi nei kēia ʻano manō i kona nui nui. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka manō kohola a 20 mau mika, a piʻi ka paona moʻolelo i 34 mau tona. ʻO kēia kahi laʻana nui loa i hopu ʻia i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala. ʻO ka awelika o ka manō kohola mai 11-12 mau mika, me ke kaupaona ma kahi o 12-13.5 ton.
Helehelena
ʻOiai ka nui o ka nui o ka nui, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka inoa e ke ʻano o kona waha, ʻaʻole ka nui. ʻO ke kuhi kahi o ka waha a me nā mea like ʻole o kāna hana. Aia ka waha o ka manō kohola ma waena o ka waha ākea, a ʻaʻole ma lalo, e like me nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa loa ʻo ia mai kona mau hoa. No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻohana kūikawā no ka manō kohola me kāna papa ponoʻī, me hoʻokahi ʻano, ʻo kona inoa ʻo Rhincodon typus.
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ke kino kupaianaha, hiki ʻole i ka holoholona ke kaena i nā niho ikaika a nui hoʻi. Liʻiliʻi loa nā niho, hiki ʻole i 0.6 mm ka lōʻihi. Aia lākou i nā lālani 300-350. I ka huina, he 15,000 paha ona mau niho liʻiliʻi. Kaohi lākou i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi i ka waha, a ma hope e komo i nā hāmeʻa kānana, a he 20 mau pā cartilaginous.
Mea nui!ʻO kēia laha he 5 mau pai o a me nā maka liʻiliʻi. I ke kanaka makua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou nui i ka pōpō kinipōpō. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike ʻole i ke alo o kahi eyelid e like me ia. I ka wā kokoke i kahi pilikia, e mālama ai i kāna ʻike, hiki i ka manō ke hūnā i ka maka me ka huki ʻana i loko o ke poʻo a uhi iā ia me ka ʻili pelu.
Mānoanoa ke kino o ka manō koholā i ke kuhikuhi mai ke poʻo a i ke kumu o ke kua, e hana ana i kahi i hoʻāla ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka puʻupuʻu akahai. Ma hope o kēia ʻāpana, iho i lalo ke anapuni o ke kino i ka hiʻu. ʻO ka manō he 2 wale nō ʻeʻala dorsal, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ke kua o ka huelo. ʻO ka mea kokoke i ke kumu o ke kino e like me ka triangle nui isosceles a ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nui, ʻo ka lua ka liʻiliʻi a aia ma kahi liʻiliʻi i ka hiʻu. ʻO ka moʻo huelo he ʻano like asymmetric ʻoi loa, ʻano o nā manō āpau, me ka pahi luna i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua manawa.
Hinahina lākou i ke kala me nā blotches bluish a me brownish. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka manō he kirimaila a keʻokeʻo paha i ke kala. Ma ke kino, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kaha a me nā kiko o kahi kala melemele māmā. ʻO ka manawa pinepine hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i kahi hoʻonohonoho pololei, nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe me nā kiko. He mau kiko ko nā pectoral fins a me ke poʻo, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa i loaʻa. Aia kekahi o lākou, akā ua liʻiliʻi lākou. I ka manawa like, ke ʻano o ka ʻili o kēlā me kēia manō kū hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole hoʻololi me ka makahiki, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka huli ʻana i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa, i ke kaʻina hana o ka huli ʻana i nā ichthyologists, kōkua nā lako no ka noiʻi hōkū. Aia kekahi mau lakohana kūikawā nona ka hana e hoʻohālikelike a hoʻohālikelike i nā kiʻi o ka lani hōkū, kōkua kēia e ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa iki ma kahi o nā kino lani. Kūleʻa pū lākou me kahi o nā kiko ma ke kino o kahi manō kohola, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ana i kekahi kanaka mai kekahi.
Hiki i ko lākou ʻili ma kahi o 10 mau kenimika ka mānoanoa, e pale ana i nā parasite liʻiliʻi mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka manō.... A ʻo ka momona momona ma kahi o 20 knm. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili me nā protrusions e like me nā niho. ʻO kēia nā unahi o kahi manō kohola, hūnā hohonu i loko o ka ʻili; ma ka ʻili, ʻike wale ʻia nā kihi o nā pā, ʻoiʻoi e like me nā pahi ʻumiʻumi, e hana ana i kahi pale pale ikaika. Ma ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua, he ʻokoʻa nā unahi iā lākou iho, e hana ana i kahi ʻokoʻa o ka pale. ʻO nā mea "weliweli" loa kahi piko i hope a aia ma ke kua o ka holoholona.
ʻO nā ʻaoʻao, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pono hydrodynamic, uhi ʻia me nā unahi hana maikaʻi ʻole. Ma ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka ʻili o ka mano kohola ka hapakolu o ka lahilahi ma mua o ka papa nui. ʻO ia ke kumu, i ka wā e hoʻokokoke aku ai i nā mea ʻimi pīhoihoi, huli ka holoholona i hope iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻāpana pale maoli o kona kino. I ke ʻano o ka mānoanoa, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā unahi iā lākou iho me nā niho o ka manō, i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi uhi kūikawā o kahi mea like me ka enamel - vitrodentin. Kūleʻa kēia mea pale kaua placoid i nā lāhui manō āpau.
Ana o ka manō kohola
Ulu aʻe ka manō koholā awelika a i ka 12 mika ka lōʻihi, a hiki i ke kaupaona ma kahi o 18-19 mau tona. E ʻike pono ai i kēia mea i ka ʻike maka, eia nā ana o kahi kaʻa ʻōhua piha. Hiki i hoʻokahi waha ke hiki i ke anawaena o 1.5 mau mika. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa i loaʻa he girth o 7 mau mika.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO ka manō koholā he holoholona lohi me ke ʻano mālie a me ka maluhia. ʻO lākou nā "tramp moana" a ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ko lākou ola. No ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola, ʻauʻau lākou me ka nānā ʻole ʻia, i kekahi mau manawa e kū mai ana nā koʻa kōkoʻa. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka hohonu o kā lākou bapetizo ʻana ma mua o 72 mau mika, makemake lākou e noho kokoke i ka papa. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia iʻa; ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolohi a kū hoʻi ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻauʻau a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke kino e hāʻawi i ka lako oxygen. ʻO ka hopena, ua hōʻeha pinepine ʻo ia i ke kuʻi ʻana i nā moku e hala ana.
Hoihoi ia!Akā i ka manawa like, hele mua ko lākou hiki. Hiki i ka manō kohola ke noho ma kahi hohonu ma kahi o 700 mau mika, e like me ka nui o nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai eʻauʻau ana, ʻo ka ʻano o ka manō kohola, ʻokoʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana wale i ka ʻāpana huelo no ka neʻe, akā ʻelua hapakolu o kona kino. ʻO ka makemake nui i ka loaʻa mau o ka meaʻai e noho mau ma kahi kokoke i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, mackerel. Hoʻolālā lākou i ko lākou manawa āpau e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, hele wale mai no ka manawa pōkole o ka hiamoe, me ka nānā ʻole i ka manawa o ka lā. Holo pinepine lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau poʻo. I kekahi manawa wale nō hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi pūʻulu nui he 100 poʻo a i ʻole kahi manō e hele hoʻokahi ana.
I ka makahiki 2009, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā manō koholā 420 ma waho o nā koʻa koʻa, a ʻo kēia wale nō ka mea hilinaʻi. ʻOiai, ʻo ke kiko holoʻokoʻa ma ʻAukake ma kahakai o Yucatan aia ka nui o ka caviar mackerel hou i kahili ʻia.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā mahina he nui, hoʻomaka ka puni ʻana o nā mano he mau haneli i ke kapakai o Australia Hema ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻōkeke ʻoi nui e pili ana iā ia, ʻo Ningaloo. ʻAneʻane kokoke i nā mea ola āpau, mai ka liʻiliʻi a ka nui, e hele mai no ka loaʻa kālā a hoʻopuka hou ʻana ma kahakai o Ningaloo i ka wā e holo ana ka pali.
Wā ola
Ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka hiki ʻana i ka moekolohe no nā manō koholā, ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo o ka poʻe loea. Manaʻo kekahi he hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka i hōʻea i 8 mau mika i ka lōʻihi ke manaʻo ʻia he moekolohe, ʻo kekahi - 4.5 mau mika. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka holoholona i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 31-52. ʻO ka ʻikepili e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka i noho ma mua o 150 mau makahiki he kaʻao maʻemaʻe. Akā ʻo 100 kahi hōʻailona maoli o nā centenarians manō. ʻO ka helu maʻamau ma kahi o 70 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
No ka hōʻailona o ka nohona, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka noho ʻana o nā manō koholā ma nā wahi kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka meaʻai no ke ola.... ʻO lākou kekahi holoholona thermophilic, ʻoi aku ke koho i kahi ʻāpana me ka wai i wela ʻia i 21-25 ° C.
Mea nui!ʻAʻole ʻoe e launa me lākou ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a hema paha o ka 40th parallel, e noho pinepine ana ma ka equator. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i nā wai o ka Pākīpika, ʻĀnia a me nā moana ʻAkelanika.
ʻO ka manō kohola he iʻa pelagic ka nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ke noho nei lākou i ke kai ākea, ʻaʻole naʻe i ka hohonu hohonu o ke kai. ʻIke ʻia ka manō koholā i nā wai kai o ʻApelika Hema, ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ia kokoke i ke kapakai ʻoiai e hānai ana i nā kahakai o nā ʻākala.
ʻAi manō kohola
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hana ʻana i ka manō kohola ko lākou kuleana ma ke ʻano he hānai kānana. ʻAʻole hana nui nā niho i ka hana hānai, liʻiliʻi lākou a pili wale i ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka waha. ʻAi nā manō koholā i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, mackerel ka nui, a me nā plankton liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka manō koholā e palau ana i ka moana, e omo ana i ka nui o ka wai me nā holoholona momona i ʻike ʻia. Loaʻa kēia ʻano hānai i nā ʻano ʻelua ʻē aʻe - nā manō pelagic nunui a lōʻihi me ka mika. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia kaʻina hānai.
Holo ikaika ka manō koholā i ka wai, a laila komo ka meaʻai ma o nā pale kānana e uhi i ka puka o ka waha. Piha kēia mau pale kānana i nā pores millimeter ākea e hana ma ke ʻano he kānana, e ʻae ana i ka wai e hele i loko o nā kahakaha i ke kai i kona ʻohi ʻana i nā mea ʻai pono.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka nui o ka manō koholā e kaʻi ʻokiʻoki ʻole i ke alo o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Ua ulu maikaʻi kēia ʻano i nā mākala, mahalo i ka neʻe mau ʻana i mea nui iā ia. ʻAneʻane holoholo mau ʻo ia i loko o ka wai, ke hoʻomohala nei i ka wikiwiki leʻaleʻa ma mua o 5 km / h. I ka manawa like, he hana ko ka kūlohelohe i ke kino o ka manō e ʻae iā ia e kū i ka nele o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai. E mālama i kāna waiwai ponoʻī, hoʻopau ka holoholona i ka hana o ka ʻāpana o ka lolo a me nā hibernates. ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi hou aʻe ʻaʻole manaʻo ka manō koholā i ka ʻeha. Hoʻopuka ko lākou kino i kahi mea kūikawā e ālai i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā manō koholā he iʻa cartilaginous ovoviviparous... ʻOiai ma mua ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he oviparous, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā hua o nā embryos i loko o ka ʻōpū o kahi wahine hāpai i hopu ʻia ma Ceylon. ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi embryo i kahi capsule ma kahi o 60 cm ka lōʻihi a 40 cm ākea.
ʻO kahi manō, 12 mau mika i ka nui, hiki ke hāpai i ʻekolu haneri embryo i loko o kāna ʻōpū. Hoʻopuni ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou i kahi capsule e like me ka hua manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi manō hānau hou he 35 - 55 mau kenimika, i kēia manawa ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana he hiki a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi ia. Hāʻawi ka makuahine mai ka hānau ʻana iā ia i kahi lako nui o nā meaola, i hiki ai iā ia ke nānā ʻole i ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻIke ʻia kahi laʻana ke lawe ʻia kahi manō pēpē, e ola mau ana, mai kahi manō i hopu ʻia. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kahi aquarium, kahi i ola ai, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai i 16 mau lā wale nō ma hope.
Mea nui!ʻO ka manawa hānau o kahi manō kohola ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. No ka manawa o ka hāpai ʻana, haʻalele ʻo ia i ka ʻohana.
I loko nō o ke aʻo lōʻihi ʻana o ka manō kohola (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 mau makahiki), ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ʻike kūpono hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana hou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻole nui nā manō kohola. Hoʻopili ʻia nā beacon e nānā i ka heluna lehulehu a me nā ala o ka neʻe. ʻO ka helu nui o nā kānaka i kaha ʻia kokoke i 1000. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu maoli o nā manō koholā.
ʻAʻole nui ka nui o nā manō koholā, ʻoiai ka nele o ka ʻike pololei. ʻO ka manō koholā ka pahuhopu pinepine o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻO ka ʻimi na ko lākou ake ake a me ka ʻiʻo, momona o ka momona manō waiwai. I ka waena o 90, ua pāpā ka nui o nā mokuʻāina i ko lākou paʻa ʻana. ʻO ke kūlana kūwaho kūwaho kūwaho no kēia ʻano maʻalahi. A hiki i ka 2000, ua helu inoa ʻia ke kūlana ma ke ʻano he maopopo ʻole no ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia ʻano.
Mano kohola a kāne hoʻi
He ʻano lethargic ka manō koholā, e ʻae nei i nā poʻe ʻimi pīhoihoi e hele maoli i ko lākou kua. Mai makaʻu e ale ʻia e kāna waha nui. ʻO ka esophagus o kahi manō kohola he 10 cm wale nō ke anawaena. Akā ke kokoke nei i kāna huelo mana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka makaʻala. Hiki i kahi holoholona ke kuʻi iā ʻoe me kona huelo, inā ʻaʻole ia e pepehi iā ia, e hōʻino loa ia i kahi kino kanaka palupalu.
Hoihoi ia!Eia kekahi, pono e akahele ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi me ka manō ponoʻī, ʻo ka pā mau ʻana iā ia i ka wā o ka paʻi kiʻi hiki ke hōʻino i ka papa mucous o waho e pale aku iā ia mai nā parasites liʻiliʻi.
Ma muli o ke aloha o ka ʻauʻau kokoke i ka papa, a me ka lohi a me ka maneuverability pono ʻole, hāʻule pinepine ka manō kohola ma lalo o nā lau o nā moku e neʻe nei, a ʻeha. Mahalo paha ia e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka hoihoi maʻalahi.
