ʻO Baribal, a i ʻole bea ʻeleʻele (Ursus amеriсanus), he mammal ia no ka ʻohana Bear, ke ʻano Carnivorous a me ka gen Bear. I kekahi manawa hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bea ʻeleʻele ma ke ʻano he moʻokūʻauhau ʻokoʻa ʻo Euarctos.
Hōʻike o ka baribal
ʻO nā baribal ka bear bear maʻamau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me ke kala huluhulu kumu.... I kēia manawa he ʻumikūmālua mau lālā, e like me nā Kermode a me nā Glacier Bears.
Helehelena
ʻOkoʻa nā baribals mai nā bear brown i mua o ka hulu ʻeleʻele a me ka liʻiliʻi. Ua hōʻea nā kāne mākua i ka lōʻihi o 1.4-2.0 m, a ʻo ka nui o nā baribals ʻike ʻia he 363 kg a kī ʻia ma Wisconsin i hoʻokahi kenekulia i hala. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine o kēia laha - ʻo 1.2-1.6 m wale nō ko lākou lōʻihi a kau ʻia a 236 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o kahi mākua ma nā mea mae i hiki i kahi mika. Pōkole ka huelo, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10-12 knm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka bea ʻeleʻele kekahi muzzles ʻoi a me nā lālā kiʻekiʻe me nā wāwae pōkole.
Mea nui! Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā bea baribal muli loa e kekahi ʻano hina hina ʻokoʻa, i hoʻololi ʻia e ka hulu ʻeleʻele wale nō i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
ʻO ka hulu ʻōlinolino o ka baribal he kala ʻeleʻele maoli, akā aia kahi kiko māmā ma ka waha a i kekahi manawa ma ka umauma. He kākaʻikahi nā koho kala ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke pani ʻia e nā ʻano ʻeleʻele o nā kala. Hoʻokahi paha ʻōpala i loko o nā ʻōpala me nā hulu ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻelua.
ʻO nā koho kala ʻoi loa me ka "polū", ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, a me "keʻokeʻo" a i ʻole ka kala keʻokeʻo melemele. ʻO ka ʻano polū laha ʻole ke kapa ʻia ʻo "glacial bear". ʻIʻike nui ʻia nā baribala keʻokeʻo ʻo Kermode a i ʻole bear polar mokupuni (Ursus amеriсanus kermodei).
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO nā baribals nā holoholona crepuscular maʻamau, ʻoiai hiki ke loli i ka wā hānau a hānai paha. No ka hoʻomaha, koho ka bear ʻeleʻele i nā wahi ulu lāʻau i uhi ʻia me nā lau. ʻO ke kumu, noho ʻia ka ʻāina e nā holoholona mehameha a wahine paha me kā lākou mau keiki.
Hoihoi ia! I nā wahi me nā pūʻulu meaʻai a hui nui ʻia, hōʻuluʻulu nui kekahi mau kānaka, no laila he ʻano hierarchy kaiāulu lākou.
He pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ko ka bea ʻeleʻele, no laila hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka hoʻonui i ka hoihoi, a me nā mākau mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻaʻohe ʻano hiki o ka hoʻokele i nā baribala, kahi i hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia i kēia manawa.
Wā ola
ʻO nā bea ʻeleʻele i nā kūlohelohe, hiki i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ke ola ma kahi o kanakolu mau makahiki, akā ma muli o ka hopena o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ola maʻamau o kahi baribal hihiu i nā makahiki he ʻumi. Ma mua o 90% o ka make ʻana o nā bea ʻeleʻele ma luna o ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i hōʻike ʻia e ka kī ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, nā ulia pōpilikia like ʻole a me nā hihia o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana me nā kānaka.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I ka wā mua, noho nā Bea ʻeleʻele i nā wahi ulu lāʻau āpau a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau.... Wahi a nā koho, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, aia ka huina o nā kānaka i ke ʻano o ʻelua miliona. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻāpana nui o lākou ma hope o kekahi manawa ua hoʻopau ʻia a ola paha e nā poʻe. Ua haʻalele ka nui o nā bea ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao hikina, hikina hema a waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, no laila ua emi iki kā lākou helu i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia i hala.
ʻO nā wahi nui o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa:
- ʻO Ursus аmеriсanus аltifrоntаlis - ma kahi ʻāpana o ke kahakai komohana komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika;
- ʻO Ursus аmеriсanus аmblysers - ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Montana a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahakai ʻAkelanika;
- ʻO Ursus amеriсanus califоrniеnsis - ka palena o nā pae mauna o Kaleponi hema;
- Ursus аmеriсanus sarlottae - panalāʻau o Haida-Guai;
- Ursus amеriсanus cinnamomum - ma Colorado a me Idaho, komohana ʻo Wyoming a me Montana;
- Ursus amеriсanus emmonsii - ka poʻe paʻa o ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina o Alaska;
- ʻO nā machetes Ursus amеriсanus - ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Mekiko.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka nohona kūlohelohe e kaʻana ʻia e kahi bear ʻeleʻele a i ʻole baribal me kahi bear grizzly. Ua koho kēia mau ʻāpana o ka bear bear i ka ʻĀkau ʻo Rocky Mountains, ke komohana o Kanada a me ka mokuʻāina ʻo Alaska. I kēia mau wahi, kaupalena ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā bea ʻeleʻele e nā wahi mauna a me nā kiʻekiʻe o 900-3000 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Mea nui! Noho nā bea ʻeleʻele Kanada i kahi ʻāpana nui o kā lākou mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā wahi o nā pāpū waena, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mahi mahiʻai.
Loaʻa ka bear ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika ma Mekiko, kanakolukūmālua mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika, a me Kanada. Ma ka mōʻaukala e ʻōlelo nei, ua noho ka baribal i nā wahi ulu lāʻau āpau ma ʻAmelika Hema. I kēia manawa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nohona mammal ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā wahi i noho nui ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe a i ʻole kanu ʻia me nā ululāʻau lahilahi.
ʻAiʻai Baribal
He hilahila loa nā bea ʻeleʻele, non-agresibo a omnivorous.... Kūpono ʻole ʻo Baribals i kā lākou meaʻai, akā hānai nui lākou i ka meaʻai o nā kumu mea kanu, a me nā ʻano ʻelala a me nā ʻelala. ʻO ke ʻano o ka bea ʻeleʻele he predator ʻeleu ʻole, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia nā vertebrates i ke ʻano o ka carrion a i ʻole ka carrion i kapa ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake iki kahi mammal i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana ma nā ʻano holoholona liʻiliʻi, e laʻa me nā ʻiole a me nā beaver, nā dia a me nā lāpaki, a me nā manu. ʻAi wale ʻo Baribal i ka meaʻai a ka ʻōpū e paʻa ai, a laila hiamoe. Hele hou ka Bea i ala i ka meaʻai.
E loli nā mea hoʻohui i ka papaʻai mea kanu ma muli o ke kau a me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā mea kanu mea kanu ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 80-95% o ka nui o nā papaʻai. Makemake ka holoholona:
- ʻoka;
- lehu mauna;
- ʻīlio ʻīlio;
- bearberry;
- cranberry;
- blueberry;
- lingonberry;
- raspberries;
- ʻeleʻele;
- rose hip;
- gooseberry;
- ʻaoʻao moe ʻākau;
- rosemary;
- pine kukui.
I ka wā o ka puna, ma kahi o ʻApelila a Mei paha, hānai nui nā baribe i nā ʻano mea kanu lau nahele. I ka mahina ʻo Iune, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka papaʻai papaʻai o ka bea ʻeleʻele e nā mea kolo, nā ʻūlū a me nā nahe, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, ke kumu nui o nā meaʻai e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano hua like ʻole, nā huaale a me nā acorn. Ke hoʻomaka nā kula salemona e ulu i nā kahawai ma Alaska a me Kanada, ʻākoakoa nā bea ʻeleʻele ma kahakai a hoʻomaka i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā wahi kai papau.
He wā koʻikoʻi ʻo Autumn no ka bear ʻeleʻele. I ka hāʻule pono ka baribal e hoʻopaʻa i kahi lawa o ka momona no ka hoʻoilo. Lilo ka mea nui i mea nui no nā wahine e hānai i nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke ʻano he rula, mālama nā bea ʻeleʻele e hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui o nā mālama momona e ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano hua, nā hua a me nā acorn, nā mea momona a nā protein. ʻO kēia nā meaʻai maikaʻi loa no nā bea e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hiamoe hoʻoilo.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe no ka baribal i ka nahelehele he bea grizzly nui, a me nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻūlū. E like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ma nā wahi i ʻike nui ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā grizzlies, ua hoʻonui loa ʻia ka nui o nā baribals. ʻAʻole ʻo nā holoholona predatory nui loa, e like me nā coyotes, ʻimi pinepine no ka ikaika ʻole, i nā keiki liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! Hōʻike nā mea e nānā ana he ʻoi aku ka holomua o nā baribal keʻokeʻo ma mua o nā bea me ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele, ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke like me nā ao i ko lākou kala.
Ma ka hema o ʻAmelika, hoʻouka kaua ʻia nā bea ʻeleʻele e nā alligators nui o Mississippi. Ma ka ʻāpana nui o ka laulaha, ʻike nui ʻia nā baribal keʻokeʻo no ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, a no laila he mea liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā mea hoʻomomona ma aneʻi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Mai ka mua o Iune a i waena o ke kauwela, hui nā baribal i nā hui pālua. Komo nā bea ʻeleʻele i kā lākou male mua ʻana i ka makahiki o 3-5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine he 180-220 mau lā, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau keiki makapō a kuli hoʻi me ka paona o ke kino he 240-330 g. Hāmama nā pēpē i ko lākou mau maka i ka hā o ka pule a ulu wikiwiki, i wehewehe ʻia e ka waiwai nui o ka waiū bear. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, mau ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana i nā mahina ʻeono mua, akā me ka wahine e mau ana nā keiki ulu ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki.
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻano mammalian ʻē aʻe he hiki iā lākou ke hāhai i ko lākou makuahine no ka manawa holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i ka lua hoʻoilo. I loko o kēia wā kamaʻilio pili loa, e aʻo mai nā keiki baribal mai ka makuahine i nā lula o ka hānai ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe iho.... Hoʻowahāwahā pinepine ʻia ka hoʻolohe ʻole o ka ʻōpio e ka namunamu kūpilikiʻi a ka makuahine a me ka hahau nui ʻana hoʻi. ʻO ka lawa pono o ka meaʻai a me ka lawa o ka hoʻoikaika kino e ʻae ai i nā cubibal baribal e loaʻa i kahi kaupaona maikaʻi ma ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻewalu - 6.8-9.1 kg. Hiki i kekahi mau keiki keiki ke noho me ko lākou makuahine a ʻelua mau makahiki a ʻoi iki paha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kekahi mau panalāʻau, he mea ʻimi holoholona nā baribala, kahi hoihoi i ko lākou ʻili, ʻaʻole emi iki no ka ʻiʻo a momona paha. ʻO ka pana pinepine ʻana i nā baribal ma muli o kā lākou hana nui ʻana i ka luku ʻana i nā māla, nā māla a i ʻole nā apiaries. ʻO nā Baribals, ka mea maʻa i ka hānai ʻana ma kahi kokoke i kahi e noho ai ke kanaka, kahi pilikia nui hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻia ka baribal, ʻokoʻa ka bear brown, he mammal makaʻu iki a ʻaʻole hoʻouka iki i nā kānaka.
Mea nui!I ka hui ʻana me nā baribala, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi no ka make ʻana, e like me nā bea ʻeleʻele maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, i ka mea ʻē aʻe, i hiki ai ke kani leo nui loa.
Ua emi iki ka ʻāpana o ka baribal i kekahi mau manawa i hala aku nei, akā ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻomalu e hoʻolaha hou aku ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā panalāʻau o nā pāka aupuni a me nā mālama. Wahi a nā ʻike hou loa, aia ma kahi o 600 tausani mau kānaka i ka honua, kahi ʻāpana nui e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina. He loli nui ka heluna kanaka, no laila ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei nā lehulehu ma Mekiko, Florida a me Louisiana me ka luku ʻia.
