ʻO ka dia ʻo ʻEulopa (lat.Carreolus sarreolus) he holoholona kīkoa ʻia no ka ʻohana dia a me ka gene dee Roe Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia kēia dia waena a nui hoʻi ma lalo o nā inoa - kao hihiu, dia dia a i ʻole nā dia roe maʻalahi.
Hōʻike Roer deer
He kino pokole ko ka holoholona, a ʻo ke kua o ka artiodactyl ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a mānoanoa ma mua o ka mua... ʻO ke kino o ke dia kāne kāne makua kāne he 22-32 kg, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 108-126 cm a me ke kiʻekiʻe awelika i nā mea mae - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 66-81 cm. Loaʻa nā kānaka nui loa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hikina o ka pae.
Helehelena
He poʻo pōkole a he kākā ko ke dia roe i ka ihu, kahi kiʻekiʻe a ākea hoʻi i ka maka o ka maka. Hoʻonui ʻia ka iwi poʻo a puni nā maka, me ka helehelena ākea a pōkole hoʻi. Loaʻa i nā pepeiao lōʻihi a me nā oval kahi kiko i wehewehe pono ʻia. Nui nā maka, ʻōhū, me nā haumāna i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ka obliquely. Lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona a mānoanoa. Lahilahi a lōʻihi hoʻi nā wāwae, me nā ʻūiki hāiki a liʻiliʻi hoʻi. He rudimentary ka huelo, hūnā loa ma lalo o nā lauoho o ke "aniani". I ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hoʻonui nui nā kāne i ka hou a me nā momona sebaceous, a ma o kahi huna, nā kāne e māka i ka ʻāina. ʻO nā lālā ʻike i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā dia roe ke lohe nei a honi.
Hoihoi ia! Liʻiliʻi loa nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne, me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi hoʻi a me ka curvature like me ke ʻano o ka lira, kokoke ma ke kumu.
ʻAʻohe o ke kaʻina supraorbital, a hōʻike ʻia ke kumu horny nui e kahi curvature o hope. Hoʻopuni ʻia nā pepeiaohao i ka ʻāpana keʻa, me ka nui o nā tubercles "pearl" a me kahi rosette nui. I kekahi mau kānaka, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pepe ʻona. I nā dia roe, ulu nā antlers mai ka makahiki o ʻehā mau mahina. Hiki i nā pepeiao ke hoʻonui piha i ka makahiki ʻekolu, a hiki i kā lākou hoʻolei ʻana i ʻOkakopa-Kekemapa. ʻO nā wahine o nā roe ʻEulopa he kī ʻole kona, akā aia kekahi me nā pepeiaohao ʻino.
ʻO ke kala o nā mākua he monochromatic a nele loa i ka dimorphism moekolohe. I ka hoʻoilo, he kino oho a hina hina hina paha kā ka holoholona, e huli ana i kahi waihoʻoluʻu brownish-brown i ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka hope a ma ka pae o ka sacum.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke aniani "aniani" a i ʻole ka caudal disc e kahi ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, loaʻa i ke kino a me ka ʻāʻī kahi kala ʻulaʻula like, a me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula kala. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ke kala kau wela ʻoi aku ka like ma mua o ka "lole" o ka hoʻoilo. Noho ka lehulehu o nā dia roan melanistic i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a me nā wahi pohopoho o Kelemania, a ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻōuli hinuhinu ʻeleʻele a me ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele matte ʻeleʻele me kahi kala poʻo hina hina o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO Roe dia nohona nohona
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā dia Roe e kahi alapine o ka lawena i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e neʻe ai nā manawa o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā meaʻai me ka hoʻomaha ʻana.... ʻO nā wā o ka hana o ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi ka lōʻihi loa, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka mele diurnal e kekahi o nā kumu nui, e like me ke kau o ka makahiki, ka manawa o ka lā, ka nohona kūlohelohe, a me ke ʻano o ka hopohopo.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka wikiwiki e holo nei o kahi holoholona makua he 60 km / h, a i ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana i nā dia roe neʻe i nā ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi, kū a hoʻolohe pinepine.
I ka wā kauwela-kauwela, ʻoi aku ka hana o nā holoholona i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, ma muli o ka nui o nā mea kolo ʻimi koko. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hānai ʻana, kahi e hiki ai ke uku no nā koina ikehu. Hana ʻo Grazing ma kahi o 12-16 mau hola, a ma kahi o he ʻumi mau hola i hāʻawi ʻia no ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaha. ʻO ka ʻoniʻoni ka neʻe ʻana o nā dia roe ma ke kaʻa a i ʻole ka wikiwiki, a i ka wā o ka weliweli, neʻe ka holoholona i nā lele a me ke kuʻi wā. Holo nā kāne a puni ko lākou panalāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā.
Wā ola
He kūlana kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā dia roe ʻEulopa a hiki i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki ʻeono, i hōʻoia ʻia e ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻano makahiki o ka heluna kanaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia Maliʻa paha, ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi ʻano physiological, lilo ka holoholona i nāwaliwali a lawe i nā mea pono mai ka hānai maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi e ʻae i nā kumu kūwaho ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola lōʻihi o nā dia roe ʻEulopa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻAukekulia, kahi, ma muli o ka hopu pinepine ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona i kau ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kanaka, nona ka makahiki he ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, hiki i kahi artiodactyl ke noho i kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia.
Nā lālā o Roe deer
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā dia roe ʻEulopa e kahi ākea ākea ākea i ka nui a me ke kala, i hiki ai ke ʻike i ka nui o nā lāhui ʻāina, a me nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i loko o ka pae. I kēia lā, ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi ʻohana ʻelua Capreolus capreolus capreolus L:
- ʻO Capreolus capreolus italicus Festa kahi ʻohana i noho ma ka hema a me ka waena o Italia. Noho nā ʻano laha ʻole i pale ʻia i nā wahi ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao hema o Tuscany, Apulia a me Lazio, a hiki i nā ʻāina o Calabria.
- ʻO Capreolus capreolus garganta Meunier kahi ʻāpana i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano huluhulu hina hina i ke kauwela. Loaʻa ia ma ka hema o Sepania, e like me Andalusia a i ʻole ʻo Sierra de Cadiz.
I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia nā dia roe nunui mai nā panalāʻau o ka North Caucasus i nā ʻāpana Сarreolus sarreolus caucasicus, a hāʻawi ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ka Middle East i ka Sarreolus sarreolus cohi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo nā dia roe ʻEulopa i nā wahi nahele ulu a deciduous o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau ulu. I nā ululāʻau coniferous wale nō, loaʻa ka artiodactyl i ke alo wale o ka deciduous undergrowth. I nā ʻāpana o nā steppe maoli, a me nā wao akua a me nā wao akua, ʻaʻohe nā lunamaka o ka genus Roe. Ma ke ʻano he wahi hānai nui, makemake ka holoholona i nā wahi o ka nahele māmā ākea, waiwai i nā laʻalāʻau a hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kula a me nā kula. I ke kauwela, ʻike ʻia ka holoholona ma nā mauʻu mauʻu kiʻekiʻe i ulu nui ʻia me ka ulu ulu lāʻau, ma ka ʻāina o nā moʻo ʻohe a me nā ululāʻau kahawai, a ʻo nā awāwa hoʻi a me nā wahi ʻoi loa. Makemake ka artiodactyl e hōʻalo i kahi ululāʻau mau.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ke ʻano laulā, he dia ka ʻeʻe ʻEulopa i ka mahele o nā holoholona o ka ululāʻau-steppe, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia i ka noho ʻana i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā biotopes shrub ma mua o nā kūlana o nā kū paʻa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana steppe ākea
Hoʻonui ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka o nā dia roe ʻEulopa i nā biotopes maʻamau mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a i ka hema o ka pae... ʻAʻole like me nā ungulate ʻē aʻe i ʻEulopa, hoʻololi ʻia nā dia roe e noho ai i kahi ʻāina mahi a kokoke i nā kānaka. I kekahi mau wahi, ola kēlā holoholona ma kahi o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa ma nā ʻāina mahiʻai like ʻole, e peʻe ana ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau ululāʻau wale no ka hoʻomaha a i ʻole ke anilā maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻohuli nui ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka nohona e ka loaʻa o nā kumuwaiwai a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi e hoʻomoe ai, keu hoʻi i ka ʻāina ākea. Eia kekahi mea nui ke kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi o ka hau a me ke kū ʻana o nā holoholona predatory i ka wahi i koho ʻia.
ʻAi Pākehā ʻoi
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau o nā dia roe ʻEulopa kokoke i hoʻokahi tausani mau ʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole, akā makemake ka artiodactyl i nā mea kanu mea kanu i maʻalahi a momona i ka wai. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka papaʻai e hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kanu lau nahele dicotyledonous a me nā ʻano lāʻau. ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui ʻole o ka papaʻai ka mosses a me nā laikini, a me nā lise, nā ʻalalā a me nā ferns. ʻAi makemake ʻo Roe dia i nā greens a me nā lālā:
- aspen;
- a 'o' oe;
- popela;
- rowan;
- linden;
- birch;
- lehu;
- ʻoka a me beech;
- puʻukani;
- honeysuckle;
- manu cherry;
- nā buckthorn.
ʻAi pū ʻo Roe dia i nā ʻano cereal, hānai i highlander a me fireweed, burnet a me catchment, hogweed a me angelica, sorrel hihiu. Aloha lākou i nā artiodactyls a me nā mea kanu wai e ulu ana i nā poho a me nā loko, a me nā hua berry like ʻole, nā nati, nā umauma a me nā acorn. ʻAi pinepine ʻo Roe dia i nā mea kanu lāʻau like me kahi agena antiparasitic.
I mea e uku ai no ka nele o nā minelala, kipa ʻia nā licks masima e nā artiodactyls, a inu ʻia ka wai mai nā pūnāwai i waiwai i nā paʻakai mineral. Loaʻa i nā holoholona nā wai ma muli o ka mea kanu mea kanu a me ka hau, a ʻo ka awelika o kēlā me kēia koi e pili ana i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa lita. ʻOi aku ka lauwili o ka papa hoʻoilo, a hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā wana a me nā ʻōpuʻu o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau, nā mauʻu maloʻo, a me nā lau ākea. Ua ʻeli ʻia ka limu a me ka laikini mai loko mai o ka hau mai lalo o ka hau, a ʻai pū ʻia nā nila o nā kumu lāʻau a me ka ʻili.
Hoihoi ia! I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, ʻeli ke dia i ka hau me ko lākou mau wāwae i mua a hohonu o ka hapalua mika, a ʻai ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu āpau.
Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū a me ke kaʻina hana digestive wikiwiki, pono i nā dia roe i kahi papaʻai pinepine. Koi ʻia ka meaʻai nui no nā wahine hāpai a lactating, a me nā kāne i ka wā o ka rut. Ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka dia ʻo ʻEulopa ka ʻāpana o ka nahu ʻana i nā holoholona, ʻaʻole loa e ʻai i nā mea kanu a pau i loaʻa, akā e haehae wale ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka mea kanu, kahi mea nui ʻole o nā mea mahiʻai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Huli ʻia nā dia Roe e nā holoholona waena a me nā holoholona nui nui, akā weliweli loa nā lynxes a me nā ʻīlio hae no nā holoholona kīkoa ʻia. Luku pinepine ʻia nā dia roe hānau hou e nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio raccoon, nā ʻino a me nā martens, nā aeto gula a me nā boars hihiu. Hoʻoikaika ka predation o ka ʻīlio hae i nā hoʻoilo hau, ke paʻakikī ka neʻe ʻana o ka dia.
Hiki i nā Predators ke hoʻouka kaua ʻaʻole nāwaliwali wale nō, akā, me nā dia roe olakino maikaʻi loa. I nā makahiki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā hau hau kaumaha, kahi nui o nā dia, a ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio a hānai maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, make i ka pōloli a me ka luhi o ke kula haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hana ʻia ka hana ma Iulai-ʻAukake, i ka ossify a me ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ka ʻāʻī a me ke alo o ke kino.... Hoʻomaka ka rut me nā kahele nahele, nā ulu lāʻau a me nā nāhelehele, akā ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻino ʻia ka ʻōnaehana teritori. I loko o ka wā rutting, ua pau ka makemake o nā kāne o ʻEulopa a me ka ʻeleu e alualu i nā wahine āpau i ka wela. I ka wā hoʻokahi, a ʻeono mau wahine i momona ʻia e ke kāne.
ʻO nā dia Roe nā ungulate wale nō i hōʻike ʻia e kahi wā latent o ka hāpai ʻana, no laila, hoʻomaka koke nā hana ulu ulu i ka embryo ma mua o Ianuali. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka manawa hānau he 264-318 mau lā, a hānau ʻia nā cubs ma waena o ka hopena o ʻApelila a ma waena o Iune. ʻEhā mau pule ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hana ka wahine i ka genus area, kahi e kipaku ʻino ʻia ai nā dia ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea nani loa no ka hānai ʻana, ʻo ia nā palena o ka ululāʻau me nā ululāʻau ulu a i ʻole nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka nāhelehele, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻolalelale a me ka meaʻai.
I ka ʻōpala, ma ke ʻano he rula, hānau ʻia he mau keikikāne ʻike maka a huluhulu wale nō, ka mea kōkua ʻole i loko o nā mahina ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola, no laila noho lākou i nā hale hoʻomalu kūikawā. ʻO ka pilina pili o ka wahine me nā keiki e ulu nei ua haki i hoʻokahi mau pule ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o kahi hanauna hou. Ke ulu ikaika nei ʻo Roe deer, no laila, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, aia ke kaumaha o ko lākou kino ma kahi o 60-70% o ke kaumaha o kahi makua makua. Hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau makahiki, a me nā wahine - i ka makahiki mua o ke ola, akā ʻo ka hānau ʻana, ma ke ʻano he rula, pili iā ʻekolu a ʻoi paha mau mākua.
Waiwai waiwai
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka waiwai waiwai o nā dia roe ʻEulopa i manaʻo ʻia i ʻekolu mau kuhikuhi nui. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo nā dia roe ke ʻimi holoholona nei i hoʻolako i ka ʻiʻo e ʻono maikaʻi a momona hoʻi, nā ʻili waiwai a me nā pepeiaohao nani. ʻO ka lua, hoʻopau ikaika ka holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu e hōʻeha nui i nā māla ulu a me nā mea kanu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kaʻiʻo ʻo Roe dia kahi mea ʻai i waiwai nui ʻia ma kekahi mau ʻāina i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻiʻo o nā dia ahiu, puaʻa hihi a me nā hare.
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo nā dia roe kahi mea nani i ʻike ʻia o ke ʻano, a me kahi hoʻonaninani maoli o nā nāhelehele a me nā ululāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā dia roe ʻEulopa keu ke hoʻoulu i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ululāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia lā, e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka IUCN, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā dia roe ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he ʻauhau me kahi makaʻu liʻiliʻi o ka make ʻana.... ʻO nā hana mālama i nā makahiki he hala i hala aku nei ua hoʻolaha ākea kēia ʻano a maʻa mau ma luna o kahi ʻāpana nui o ka pae. ʻO ka heluna o nā dia roe ma Central Europe ka mea nui loa a ua koho ʻia he ʻumikūmālima miliona mau kānaka. ʻO nā subspecies Capreolus capreolus italicus Festa a me ka heluna kanaka Suria e liʻiliʻi i ka helu.
Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka momona momona a me ka plasticity ecological o nā dia roe ʻEulopa e ʻae i kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana dia a me ka gene Roe deer e hoʻihoʻi maʻalahi i kā lākou helu a kū i kahi kaomi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu anthropogenic. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā holoholona ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana o nā ululāʻau mau a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā wahi o nā agrocenoses, a me kahi kūpono kiʻekiʻe i nā kahakaha i hoʻololi ʻia a mahi ʻia e nā kānaka.
