ʻO ka sable Kepani kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana marten. Makana ʻia no kona hulu hoʻonaninani, manaʻo ʻia ia he Predator a pili i nā mea momona.
Hōʻike o ka sable Iapana
ʻO ka Japanese sable kahi holoholona nimble loa mai ka ʻohana marten... Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo marten Iāpana. ʻEkolu ona mau lālā - Martes melampus, Martes melampus coreensis, Martes melampus tsuensis. ʻO ka hulu waiwai o ka holoholona, e like me nā sabela ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka māka o nā poachers.
Helehelena
E like me nā ʻano sable, loaʻa i ka marten Iapana kahi kino wīwī a palupalu hoʻi, nā wāwae pōkole a me kahi poʻo kuʻi. Me ke poʻo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 47-54 cm, a ʻo ka huelo he 17-23 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopiʻi pū ka holoholona me kona hulu melemele-ʻeleʻele huluhulu. Aia kekahi mau martens Kepanī ʻeleʻele i ke kala. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hulu "kāmahu" ka hulu o ka holoholona no nā ʻano o ka nohona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe, kūpanaha o kēia sable nani ka wahi māmā ma ka ʻāʻī. I kekahi mau holoholona, keʻokeʻo maikaʻi ia, i kekahi mau melemele a i ʻole momona.
ʻOkoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine i ke ʻano kino nui. Hiki i ko lākou kaumaha ke ʻaneʻane kokoke i ʻelua kilokilo, ʻo ia ka ʻekolu manawa ke kaumaha o ka wahine. ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau o ka wahine wahine Kepani sable mai 500 gram a 1 kilo.
Nohona Sable
Makemake ka Kepani sable e noho mehameha, e like me ka nui o nā kaikunāne o ka ʻohana weasel. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kāne a me ka wahine kona ʻāina ponoʻī, nā palena a nā holoholona e hōʻailona ai me nā mea huna o nā gland anal. A, ma aneʻi, aia he ʻokoʻa kāne - ka pālākiō o ka home home o ke kāne ma kahi o 0.7 km2, a ʻo ka wahine he liʻiliʻi iki - 0.63 km2. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole palena ka palena o ke kāne ma ka ʻāina o kahi kāne ʻē aʻe, akā "komo" i nā ʻāina o ka wahine.
Ke hiki mai ke kau moʻo, "holoi ʻia" kēlā mau palena, ʻae nā wahine i nā kāne e "kipa iā lākou" e loaʻa nā keiki e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, kiaʻi ʻia nā palena home e ko lākou mau ʻona. ʻAe nā paukū home i nā holoholona ʻaʻole wale e hana i kahi e hoʻomaha a ola ai, akā e kiʻi pū i ka meaʻai. Kūkulu nā martens Kepani i ko lākou "hale" no ka hiamoe a me ka pale ʻana mai nā ʻenemi i nā lāʻau hollow, a ʻeli hoʻi i nā lua i ka lepo. Ke neʻe nei i waena o nā kumulāʻau, hiki i nā holoholona ke lele ma kahi o 2-4 mau mika ka lōʻihi!
Wā ola
I ka nahelehele, ola ka Kepani sable ma ka awelika ma kahi o 9-10 mau makahiki.... ʻO nā holoholona i mālama ʻia i loko o ka noho pio ʻana i ka maikaʻi, kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kali o ke ola. ʻOiai he kākaʻikahi loa kēia, paʻakikī e ʻike i ka marten Iapana a i ʻole nā ʻano sable i nā zoo.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa ka sable Kepanī ma nā mokupuni Kepani - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu a me Hokkaido. Lawe ʻia ka holoholona i ka mokupuni hope loa mai Honshu i 40 mau makahiki e hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana huluhulu. Eia kekahi, noho ka Kepani marten i ka panalāʻau o ke Kōlea Korea. ʻO nā wahi punahele o ka Japanese sable nā ululāʻau. Makemake nui ka holoholona i nā ululāʻau coniferous a ʻoka. Hiki iā ia ke noho kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi (a i 2000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai), ke hoʻolako ʻia nā lāʻau e ulu ana ma laila, kahi e pale ai a me ka lua. Kākaʻikahi ka noho ʻana o kahi holoholona i kahi ākea.
ʻO nā kūlana nohona kūpono no ka marten Iapana ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tsushima. ʻAʻohe hoʻoilo i laila, a 80% o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka nahele. ʻO ka heluna kanaka liʻiliʻi o ka mokupuni, ʻo ka mahana maikaʻi ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i kahi ola ʻoluʻolu, noho maluhia a me ka hana hou ʻana o kahi holoholona hulu.
ʻO kaʻai sable Kepanī
He aha ka ʻai a kēia holoholona nimble a nani? Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea ʻaihue ia (akā ma nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō), ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea ʻai ia. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka marten Kepani he omnivorous a koho ʻole. Hoʻololi maʻalahi ka holoholona i ka nohona a me ka loli o nā kau, a hiki ke ʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā pepelu, nā hua a me nā ʻanoʻano.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka papaʻai o ka marten Iapana me nā hua, nā manu, nā rana, nā crustacea, nā hua, nā hua liʻiliʻi, nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi, nā nalo, nā millipedes, nā nalo, nā mea kolo, nā kamaʻāina like ʻole o nā waihona, nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā ilo.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka sable Kepanī, ʻoiai e ʻimi holoholona lū ʻū, ʻaʻole loa ia e nahu ʻia e nā ʻelala kaha kolohe ʻole. No kekahi kumu, hala kā lākou huhū e nā mea luku hulu o ko lākou mau pūnana. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā sabela i kēlā manawa kēia manawa - kahi pohihihi o ke kūlohelohe.
ʻAi ka Japanese marten i nā hua a me nā hua ke nele i nā hānai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻule kāna "vegetarianism" i ka manawa mai ka wā puna a hiki i ka hāʻule. No ka poʻe, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka Japanese marten ka mea e luku i nā rodents liʻiliʻi - nā mea ʻino o nā māla a ʻo ia ka mea nāna e hoʻopakele i ka ʻohi palaoa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO kaʻenemi weliweli loa no nā holoholona āpau, e like me ka sable Iapana, kahi kanaka nona ka pahuhopu ka hulu nani o ka holoholona. ʻImi ka poʻe kahu holoholona i ka hulu i kēlā me kēia ʻano pāpā ʻia.
Mea nui! Ma loko o ka nohona o ka sable Kepani (koe wale no nā mokupuni ʻo Tsushim a me Hokkaido, kahi e pale ʻia ai ka holoholona e ke kānāwai), ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona no ʻelua mau mahina - Ianuali a me Pepeluali.
ʻO ka ʻenemi ʻelua o ka holoholona he ecology maikaʻi ʻole: ma muli o nā mea ʻona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mahiʻai, a make nā holoholona he nui... Ma muli o kēia mau mea ʻelua, ua hōʻole nui ka heluna o nā sables Kepani i mea e hoʻokomo ʻia ai i ka International Red Book. No nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, he kakaikahi loa lākou. ʻO ka dexterity o ka holoholona a me kona ʻano nohona nocturnal he pale kūlohelohe ia mai ka pilikia e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka marten Kepanī, ke manaʻo ia he mea hoʻoweliweli i kona ola, hūnā koke i loko o nā lua o nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā lua.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena no ka sable Japanese me ka mahina mua o ka puna... Mai Malaki a Mei paha ka hū ʻana o nā holoholona. ʻO nā kānaka i hiki i ka wā ʻōpio - mākaukau nā makahiki he 1-2 no ka hana ʻana i nā keiki. Ke hāpai ka wahine, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e pale i ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻīlio, kau ka diapuse i loko o ke kino: nā hana āpau, kaohi ʻia ka metabolism, a hiki i ka holoholona ke hāpai i kahi fetus i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa.
Mai ka waenakonu o Iulai a i ka hapa mua o ʻAukake, hānau ʻia nā keiki a ka sable Kepani. Loaʻa nā ʻōpala i nā ʻīlio he 1-5. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me ka huluhulu hulu lahilahi, makapō a kōkua ʻole. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai nui ka waiū wahine. Ke hiki i ka sables ʻōpio i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau mahina, hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka lua o nā mākua, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi iā lākou iho. A me ka wā ʻōpio hoʻomaka lākou e "māka" i nā palena o ko lākou mau panalāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, ma kahi o ʻelua miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lilo ka Japanese marten (Martes melampus) i ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka sable maʻamau (Martes zibellina). I kēia lā, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana o ia - Martes melampus coreensis (wahi Hema a me Kōlea ʻĀkau); ʻO Martes melampus tsuensis (mokupuni noho ma Iapana - Tsushima) a me M. m Melampus.
Hoihoi ia!Mālama kū kānāwai ʻia nā subspecies Martes melampus tsuensis ma nā mokupuni ʻo Tsushima, kahi e ulu ai ka ulu lāʻau ʻo 88%, a he 34% o nā conifers. I kēia lā pale ʻia ka sable Kepani e ke kānāwai a helu ʻia i loko o ka International Red Book.
Ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka i ka nohona kūlohelohe o Iapana, ua loli nui ʻia, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ke ola o ka Japanese sable. Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kāna helu (ʻaihue, hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides mahiʻai). I ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻoholo ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka holoholona.
