ʻO ka dia fallow, a ʻo nā dia fallow ʻEulopa paha (Dama dama) he dia haʻahaʻa. I kēia manawa, he laha maʻamau ia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAkia Komohana. Maliʻa paha, i ka wā mua ua kaupalena ʻia ka wahi ma ʻAsia wale nō. ʻOiai ʻo ka holoholona i ka ʻohana dia maoli, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka dia fallow ʻEulopa nā aniani ākea a me ke alo o kahi aniani, nani nā kala o ke kauwela.
Ka wehewehe o doe
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā dia fallow ma mua o nā dia, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻia ka māmā ma mua o nā dia ʻulaʻula... ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona ma waena o 1.30-1.75 m, a me ke alo o kahi huelo i ʻoi aku ma mua o 18-20 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻo 65-110 kg, a me nā wahine - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 45-70 kg.
Helehelena
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā dia fallow kāne ʻEulopa ma mua o nā dia fallow Iran (Dama mesorotamisa), a hiki i ko lākou kino i ka lōʻihi o 2.0 m a ʻoi paha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā dia fallow o kēia genus e kahi kinoʻoi aku ka nui o ka muscular, a ʻo ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā liʻiliʻi, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā dia ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā pepeiaohao o nā dia fallow ʻEulopa, i ka ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano Mesopotamian, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano spade-like. I ʻApelila, ua hoʻokahe nā kāne ʻelemakule a pau o nā dia hae ʻEulopa i ko lākou mau pepeiaohao, a ʻike ʻia nā pepeiaohao hou i nā holoholona wale nō i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ma ʻAukake.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia mau lā, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha o nā dia fallow o ʻEulopa, he ʻano kumu a nani hoʻi kā lākou, ua lilo i mea maʻamau.
Hoʻololi ke kala o nā dia fallow me nā kau. I ke kauwela, ʻo ka pena ʻana o ka holoholona ma ka ʻaoʻao luna a ma ka piko o ka huelo he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me ka keʻokeʻo, kahi kikoʻī. Aia nā kala māmā ma lalo a ma nā wāwae.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ke poʻo o ka holoholona, ka wahi o ka ʻāʻī a me nā pepeiao o nā dia ʻEulopa e loaʻa i kahi kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele nā ʻaoʻao a me hope. Aia kekahi kala lehu hina i ka lalo.
Aloha nohona
I kona ʻano o ke ola, ua kokoke ka dia fallow ʻEulopa i ka dia ʻulaʻula, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ʻole, no laila pili pono ia i nā ulu lāʻau ākea a me nā papa ʻāina palekana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu a makaʻala loa nā dia fallow, a ʻo nā lunamaka o ka genus Doe ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa i ka dia ʻulaʻula i ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. I nā lā kauwela, makemake nā dia fallow ʻEulopa e noho kaʻawale, a i nā hui liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, aia ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki ma hope o ko lākou makuahine. Hāʻule ka wā o ka hana nui i nā kakahiaka kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi maikaʻi, ke hānai nā holoholona a hele mai paha i nā wahi hoʻoinu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hakakā no ka wahine i ka wā o nā hoʻokūkū dia he mea ʻino loa ia e haki pinepine nā dia i nā ʻāʻī o kekahi a ʻo lākou iho nō, no laila e make pū paha nā hoa hakakā ʻelua.
I nā hola wela o ke ao, hoʻomaha ka dia hālau ma luna o nā moena kūikawā i ka malu o kahi laʻalāʻau a i ʻole pili pono i nā kino wai, kahi i ʻole ai nā namu lehulehu. ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i nā wahi paka kahi maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻalahi, no laila hiki iā lākou ke lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā lima o ke kanaka. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻākoakoa kēlā mau holoholona i nā pūʻā wahine a me nā kāne nui. I ka manawa like, mālama ʻia nā hoʻokūkū reindeer a me nā male.
Wā ola
ʻO ka dia fallow kahi wā o nā dia mōʻalihaku nunui pepeiaohao e noho ana i ka Middle and Late Pleistocene.... E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o nā dia fallow o ʻEulopa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe: no nā kāne - ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki, a no ka wahine - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ola maʻalahi kahi holoholona hanohano no ka hapahā o ke kenekulia a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Uhi ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā dia fallow i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa āpau e pili ana i ke kai Mediterranean, a ʻo ʻApelika komohana a me ʻAigupita, ʻAsia Minor, Lebanona a me Suria, a me ʻIraka. Makemake nā dia fallow e noho i nā wahi ululāʻau me nā lau nahele a me nā wahi ākea. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i nā ʻāpana o ka noho ʻana, no laila ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā mokupuni mokupuni o ke Kai ʻĀkau. Hoʻololi ka helu o nā dia fallow i ka ʻāina ma nā wahi, akā i kekahi mau hihia i hiki aku ma kahi o ʻewalu kakini mau kānaka.
Hoihoi ia! Ma mua o ka manawa o ʻOkakopa Revolution, lawelawe ka dia fallow ma ke ʻano he mea alualu holoholona no ka poʻe kuleana nui loa ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina, no laila lawe ʻia mai ka holoholona mai ke Komohana.
Manaʻo ʻia ua lawe ʻia nā dia fallow i ka panalāʻau o Central Europe mai nā wahi hema he nui, akā i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana e ka nui o nā moʻolelo pepa, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka holoholona hanohano a nani hoʻi - ua komo pū me Polani, Lituania a me Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua noho nā dia hihiu hihiu ma ke komohana hema o ke kapakai o ke kai o Marmara, a ma Sepania a me nā kapakai hema o ʻAsia Minor.
Papaʻai palaka fallow ʻEulopa
ʻO nā dia fallow he mea hoʻomake a me nā mea kanu wale, ʻo ka meaʻai ka lau o ka lau a me ka mauʻu momona... I kekahi manawa hiki i nā holoholona pōloli ke ʻako i kahi ʻili lāʻau liʻiliʻi. I ka pūnāwai, ʻai nā dia fallow i nā hau hau a me nā corydalis, anemone, a pāʻina pū kekahi i ka lehu mauna hou, ka maple, ʻoka a me nā lālā paina.
I ke kauwela, hoʻonui ʻia ka papaʻai me nā ʻalalā a me nā acorn, nā chestnuts a me nā hua, nā sedges a me nā cereal, nā legume a i ʻole nā mea ulu umbrella. I mea e hoʻopiha ai i nā mālama o nā minelala, nānā nā dia fallow no ka lepo momona i nā paʻakai like ʻole. Hoʻokumu ka poʻe i nā liko paʻakai hana, a me nā mea hānai i nā mea hana, i piha i ka palaoa a me ka mauʻu me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i kekahi mau wahi, nā lau nahele hānai me ka clover, lupine, a me Ierusalema artichoke e ulu wikiwiki nei a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e waiho pono ʻia no nā dia fallow.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole makemake nā dia fallow ʻEulopa e haʻalele i ko lākou mau ʻāina i noho nui ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hele i waho o ka palena o kā lākou pae. ʻO nā neʻe o kēlā me kēia lā o kēlā me kēia ʻelele o ka papa Mamala a me ke kauoha Artiodactyls, ma ke ʻano he rula, ua hōʻike ʻia e nā ala like. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae nā holoholona mai ka ʻohana Deer i ka hele wikiwiki ʻana i ka hau, no nā wāwae pōkole ia a me ka makaʻu o ka lilo ʻana i mea maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue.
Hoihoi ia! He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi nā Fallow, akā ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka wai me ka ʻole o ka pono kūikawā, a makemake lākou e holo aku mai nā mea ʻaihue maʻamau a weliweli hoʻi, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻīlio hae, lynxes, nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā bea, ma ka ʻāina.
Mahalo i ko lākou ʻike maikaʻi o ka honi, hiki i nā dia fallow ke loaʻa i ka limu a me kekahi mau aʻa i ʻai ma lalo o ka uhi o ka hau, no laila ʻaʻole pilikia ka pōloli i ka make nui o ia mau holoholona. Nui loa ka hoʻolohe ʻana o Doe, akā ʻike ʻia ka nāwaliwali o ka hihiʻo - i ka makaʻu mua, ua hiki i ka lunamakaʻāinana hanohano o ka ʻāpana ʻohana maoli ke pakele, ke lele maʻalahi nei ma luna o nā mea pale lua-mika.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I nā makahiki he 10 i hala ʻo Kepakemapa a i ʻole ka mua o ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka wā hānau nui o nā dia fallow ʻEulopa. I loko o ia wā, kipaku nā kāne makua piha o ʻehā a ʻelima mau makahiki paha i nā kāne ʻōpio mai ka ʻohana holoholona, a ma hope iho ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā "harem". ʻO nā kāne, mākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, aia i kahi kūlana hoʻonāukiuki loa, no laila i ke ahiahi a i nā hola wana lākou e hoʻopuka pinepine ai i nā leo ʻāpana a me nā guttural, a komo pū me ka ʻōnaehana i nā hakakā hoʻokūkū koko me kā lākou mau hoa paio.
Ma mua koke o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia nā wahine hāpai mai kā lākou holoholona holoʻokoʻa. Ma kahi o Mei a Iune paha, kokoke ʻewalu mau mahina ka hopena o ka hānau ʻana me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau bipi keiki. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaupaona o nā keiki bipi hou ma mua o 3.0 kg.
Ua hiki i nā keiki bipi hānau ʻia i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi pule ke ukali me ka wikiwiki, a hoʻomaka nā pēpē mahina e ʻai i kahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi a me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā i ka manawa like e hoʻomau lākou i ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū o ka makuahine momona no ʻeono mau mahina. No nā lā he ʻumi a i ʻole ʻelua pule mua, hānai ka wahine ma kahi kokoke i kāna keiki bipi, e peʻe ana i ka ulu lāʻau a i ʻole ma waena o nā nāhelehele kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope iki aku, hui pū kahi wahine me kahi keiki bipi makua i ka pā nui. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻāʻo nā keiki bipi e ulu koke nei i ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka hānau hou ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka dia fallow ʻEulopa i kēia manawa i ka make. Kuhi ʻia ka heluna heluna nui o kēia ʻano ma kahi o ʻelua haneli tausani poʻo, me nā heluna hapa hihiu e noho ana i nā wahi pā nui, kahi ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ia mau holoholona.
Mea nui! I mea e mālama ai i kahi kaulike kaiaola holoʻokoʻa, pana ʻia a neʻe ʻia kekahi helu o ia mau holoholona i kahi ʻāina hou.
I Palani, ke hoʻokō ʻia nei kahi hoʻolālā e hoʻonui i ka nui o ia mau holoholona hanohano, no laila ke mālama ʻia nei ke kī ʻana o nā dia fallow. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa e hoʻoweliweli nei i ka heluna kanaka Tureke o nā dia fallow ʻEulopa, ka heluna nui o lākou he mau haneli mau kānaka.... ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o nā ungulate ʻo ia ka piha piha o ka makemake ʻole o kekahi kanaka e hybridize me kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā dia, i hāʻawi i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī.
