He martator wikiwiki a maʻalea hoʻi ka marten, hiki ke lanakila maʻalahi i nā pilikia he nui, piʻi i nā kumu ʻoi a neʻe i nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO kona hulu melemele-kokoleka nani ka mea waiwai.
Ka wehewehe o marten
He holoholona nui nui kēia. ʻO nā wahi marten kahi ulu lāʻau coniferous a kāwili ʻia, kahi e lawa ai nā helu o nā kumu hollow kahiko a me nā ulu lāʻau ulu ʻole.... Aia ia ma nā wahi i hiki ai i ka marten ke kiʻi maʻalahi i ka meaʻai a loaʻa ka puʻuhonua nona iho, i hoʻolako ʻia i nā lua i kahi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoihoi ia!Hiki i ka marten ke piʻi wikiwiki i nā kumulāʻau a lele i kēlā me kēia lālā i kahi lālā ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna huelo hoʻoluʻu ma ke ʻano he parachute. ʻAʻau a holo maikaʻi ʻo ia (me kahi ululāʻau i uhi ʻia e ka hau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ka ʻae mānoanoa ma kona mau wāwae e ʻae i ka holoholona e komo hohonu i loko o ka hau.
Ma muli o kona wikiwiki, ikaika a wikiwiki, he holoholona maikaʻi loa kēia holoholona. Lilo mau nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā amphibians i kāna mea pio, a i ke alualu ʻana i kahi squirrel, hiki i ka marten ke lele i nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻopau pinepine ka marten i nā pūnana manu. ʻAʻole wale nā manu honua e ʻeha i kāna huakaʻi, akā ʻo nā mea kūkulu i ko lākou pūnana kiʻekiʻe i nā lāʻau. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he pōmaikaʻi ka marten i nā kānaka ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka heluna kanaka i kona wahi noho.
Helehelena
He kapa lush a nani hoʻi ko ka marten, ʻoi aku ka siliki i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kauwela. Hiki i kona kala ke loaʻa i nā aka ʻokoʻa o ka brown (kokoleka, chestnut, brown). ʻO ka hope o ka holoholona hina hina, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ka umauma, aia kahi ʻike maka poepoe maikaʻi ʻia o ke kala melemele ʻōlinolino, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke kauwela ma mua o ka hoʻoilo.
Pōkole ka wāwae o ka marten, me ʻelima manamana wāwae, he māiʻuʻu nā māiʻuʻu. Kuhikuhi ka waha, me nā pepeiao triangular pokole, uhi ʻia me ka hulu melemele ma nā kihi. ʻO ka kino o ka marten he squat a he elongated kona ʻano, a ʻo ka nui o kahi mākua ma kahi o ka hapalua mika. ʻOi ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ka 2 kilokilo.
Auila
Hoʻopili pololei ke kumukānāwai o kahi holoholona i kona nohona a me kāna mau maʻamau. Hele nui ka marten ma ka lele ʻana. ʻO ke kino palupalu, lahilahi o ka holoholona e ʻae iā ia e neʻe me ka wikiwiki o ka uila i nā lālā, e hōʻike wale ana no ka sekona i nā āpau o nā pine a me nā wahie. Makemake ka marten e noho kiʻekiʻe i nā wanaao. Me ke kōkua o kāna mau māiʻuʻu, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka ʻoi loa a me nā ʻoi loa o nā pahu.
Hoihoi ia!Koho pinepine kēia holoholona i ke ʻano o ke ao. Hoʻolālā ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole ka hopu holoholona. Hoʻāʻo ke kāne i nā ala āpau e hōʻalo ai.
Hoʻonohonoho ka marten i kahi pūnana ma nā lua i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika a i ʻole i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau... Pili loa ia i nā wahi i koho ʻia a haʻalele ʻole iā lākou me ka nele o ka meaʻai. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka nohona sedentary, hiki i kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana mustelidae ke neʻe ma hope o nā squirrels, kahi e neʻe nui ai i kekahi manawa ma kahi mamao loa.
Ma waena o nā wahi nahele kahi e noho ai ka martens, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ʻelua mau ʻano wahi: nā wahi anadromous, kahi e noho ʻole ai, a me nā "wahi hahai holoholona", kahi e noho ai lākou i nā manawa āpau. I ke kau mahana, koho kēia mau holoholona i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi e waiwai nui i ka meaʻai a hoʻāʻo e haʻalele ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo, kaomi o ka ʻai ʻole iā lākou e hoʻonui i ko lākou ʻāina a hoʻonohonoho pono i nā māka ma kā lākou ala.
Nā ʻano martens
ʻO Martens he poʻe lawaiʻa no ka ʻohana marten. Aia kekahi mau ʻano o kēia mau holoholona, i loaʻa iki ka ʻokoʻa o ka helehelena a me nā ʻano maʻamau, no muli o ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻAmelika marten
ʻO kēia kahi ʻano holoholona laha ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole i aʻo ʻia. Ma waho, ua like ka marten ʻAmelika me ka pine marten. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa kona kala mai ka melemele i nā aniani kokoleka. Mālamalama ka umauma i ke kala a hiki i nā wāwae ke ʻane ʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole i aʻo piha ʻia nā ʻano o kēia lālā o ka ʻohana weasel, ʻoiai makemake ka marten ʻAmelika e ʻimi wale i ka pō a ma nā ala āpau e hōʻalo ai i ka poʻe.
Ilka
ʻO kahi ʻano nui o marten. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino a me ka huelo i kekahi mau mea i hiki i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo kona kaumaha he 4 kilokilo. ʻEleʻele ka ʻahu, ʻeleʻele i ka nui o nā kala. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hulu, akā i ka hoʻoilo e palupalu a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻike ʻia kahi kala ʻāhinahina ma luna ona. Huli ʻo Elk i nā ʻūlū, nā bea, nā ʻiole, nā porcupine lāʻau a me nā manu. Makemake e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua a me nā hua. Hiki i kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana weasel ke alualu maʻalahi i ka mea pio ma lalo wale nō o ka honua, akā kiʻekiʻe pū kekahi i nā kumu lāʻau.
Pahu marten
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. Noho pinepine ka pōhaku marten mai kahi noho kanaka, kahi ʻano kūpono ʻole loa no nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana weasel. ʻO ka hulu o kēia ʻano holoholona he paʻakikī, hina hina i ke kala. Ma ka ʻāʻī, he wahi kukui oblong kona. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka marten pōhaku kahi ihu māmā a me nā wāwae, ʻaʻohe o nā kihi. ʻO ka mea pio nui o kēia ʻano he koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, nā rana, nā moʻo, nā manu a me nā kolo. I ke kauwela, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā moa kūloko a me nā lāpaki. ʻO kēia laha e lilo pinepine i mea o ka hopu holoholona a me ka unuhi ʻana o ka hulu waiwai.
ʻO Pine marten
ʻO kona wahi noho nā ululāʻau o ka Plain Plain a me kekahi ʻāpana o ʻAsia. ʻEleʻele ka holoholona i ke kala me kahi kiko melemele i haʻi ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī. He omnivorous ka pine marten, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana nui o kāna papaʻai ka ʻiʻo. Alualu nui ʻo ia i nā squirrels, voles, amphibians a me nā manu. Hiki ke hānai i ke kino make. I ke kau mahana, ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua, nā hua a me nā hua hua.
Kharza
He kala ʻokoʻa ko kēia lunamakaʻāinana ʻohana weasel i manaʻo nui ʻia he holoholona kūʻokoʻa kēia holoholona. He holoholona nui ʻo Kharza. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino (me kahi huelo) i hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona o kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona hiki i 6 kilokilo. He sheen nani ko ka ʻahu. ʻIke nui ia i nā squirrels, sables, chipmunks, ʻīlio raccoon, hare, manu a me nā koʻokoʻo. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka papaʻai me nā kolo a i nā rana. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hōʻeha e kharza ma ka elk ʻōpio, dia, a me ka puaʻa hihiu. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā nati, nā hua a me ka meli ʻāhiu.
Nilgir kharza
He lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana. Ua piʻi kona lōʻihi i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo kona kaumaha a hiki i 2.5 kilokilo. Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke ola o ka Nilgir kharza. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka holoholona i ke ʻano o ke ao a ola nui i nā kumulāʻau. ʻAe nā ʻepekema i ka wā o ka huli holoholona, poho ka holoholona i ka honua, e like me nā ʻano martens ʻē aʻe. Wahi a kekahi poʻe ʻike maka ʻike i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana o kēia holoholona no nā manu a me nā ʻino.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai ka marten
ʻO ke ola o ka marten ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi hiki ke hōʻea i 15 mau makahiki, akā i ka nāhelehele noho lākou i ka liʻiliʻi. Nui nā mea hoʻokūkū o kēia holoholona e pili ana i ka unuhi ʻana i ka meaʻai - nā poʻe waena a me nā predatory nui o ka nahele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi e hoʻoweliweli nui i ka lehulehu marten ma ke ʻano.
I kekahi mau wahi, hilinaʻi ka nui o nā holoholona i nā kahawai wai (kahi hapa nui o nā koʻokoʻo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ka papa ʻaina marten, make) a me nā ululāʻau mau ʻana (hiki i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululaau kahiko ke lilo i ka nalowale loa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Pili loa ke ola o ka marten i ka nahele. ʻO ka hapanui hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i spruce, pine a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau coniferous ʻē aʻe. I nā ʻākau o ka nohona, he spruce a fir paha kēia, a ma ka hema - spruce a i ʻole nā lāʻau ulu.
No kahi noho mau, koho ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau waiwai i nā wahi makani, nā kumu lāʻau lōʻihi, nā lihi o ka nahele nui, a me ka nui o nā mālamalama me ka ulu ʻōpio.
Hiki i ka marten ke makemake i nā wahi pālahalaha a me nā ululāʻau mauna, kahi e noho ai i nā awāwa o nā muliwai nui a me nā kahawai. Makemake kekahi ʻano o kēia holoholona i nā wahi pōhaku a me nā waihona pōhaku. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka hapa nui o kēia mau mustelids e hōʻalo i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ka marten pōhaku, kahi hiki ke kū pololei ma kahi o nā wahi noho kanaka.
Hoihoi ia!ʻAʻole like me nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, sables (e noho wale ana ma Siberia), hāʻawi ʻia ka marten kokoke ma nā wahi holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa, a hiki i nā mauna Ural a me ka muliwai ʻo Ob.
Meaʻai Marten
ʻO Martens kahi omnivores, akā ʻo nā mea nui o kā lākou alualu nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (squirrels, mice kahua)... ʻImi ʻimi lākou i nā ʻiole, kahi a ka hapanui o nā pōpoki e hoʻāʻo ai e hōʻalo ma muli o kā lākou nui nui. Hiki iā lākou ke luku i nā pūnana manu, a ʻimi pū i nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians. I kekahi manawa ʻae lākou iā lākou iho e ʻai i ka ʻai. I ke kau mahana, pāʻina ʻo martens i nā huaʻai, nā nati, nā hua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lehu mauna.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela a ma ka hāʻule, hana nā martens i nā lako e kōkua iā lākou e ola i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka marten kaukaʻi ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke kau anuanu, kahi e noho ai, kahi i kūlike i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā mea kanu. ʻOiai neʻe ka holoholona i nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau, hānai nui ia i ka honua. I ka ʻākau a me ka waena ʻo Lūkia, ʻo ka meaʻai nui nā squirrels, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, hazel grouse, ptarmigan, kā lākou mau hua a me nā moa.
Kūpono ka marten pōhaku i ka pī a me ka ʻūmū pū, no laila hoʻouka ʻo martens i kekahi manawa i kahi apiaries a ʻahaʻaina paha i ka meli mai nā pi ʻāhiu. Piʻi pinepine lākou i loko o nā hale moa a i ʻole nā hale moa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi manu makaʻu e ala aʻe i loko o lākou nā reflexes o kahi mea ʻino maoli, e hoʻowalewale nei iā lākou e pepehi i nā mea pio āpau, ʻo ka mea hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻai hou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole nui nā predators no ka ola o martens i loko o nā ululāʻau. I kekahi manawa e alualu ʻia lākou e nā ʻīlio hae, ʻalopeke, ʻīlio hae, nā leopadi, a me nā manu manu lele (nā ʻaeto gula, ʻaeto, ʻaeto, ʻaeto). ʻO kēia mau holoholona like ka mea hoʻokūkū pololei no ka meaʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻololi iki ka helu o martens mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, i wehewehe ʻia e ke ʻano omnivorous o ka holoholona. Hoʻohuli paha kēia holoholona i ka nele o hoʻokahi meaʻai me kekahi. Hoʻonui a hoʻemi paha i ko lākou heluna kanaka ma muli o ka nui a hemahema paha o ka meaʻai no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani, akā ʻano laha ʻole kēlā mau loli. ʻOi aku ka ikaika ma ka helu o nā martens i kekahi wahi i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka ʻimi holoholona a kekahi kanaka ma luna o kēia holoholona hulu.
Ua hōʻea ʻo Martens i ka moekolohe ma hope o ʻekolu mau makahiki o ke ola... Hoʻomaka ka wā moena i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Hāpai ka wahine i nā keiki no 7-9 mau mahina. Pili kēlā mau wā lōʻihi me ke alo o ka fetus o kahi manawa o kahi wā ulu lohi, e hoʻomaka hou wale ana i ka puna.
Koke, e loaʻa ka wahine i 2 a 8 mau ʻīlio pēpē. Hānau ʻia ʻōlohelohe a makapō hoʻi (ʻike ʻia ka hihiʻo ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina) a kaupaona ma mua o 30 gram. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka manawa, ʻokiʻoki ko lākou niho a hoʻomaka ka makuahine e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka meaʻai holoholona. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio martens e lele a piʻi i nā kumulāʻau ma 3-4 mau mahina, a ʻimi kū kaʻawale i ʻeono mahina. Mai ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka wahine i hope ma hope o nā kāne i ke kaupaona a mālama i kēia ʻokoʻa ma ko lākou ola.
I ka hoʻoilo hiki lākou i ka nui o nā holoholona makua, a haki ka pua. I ka wā mua, alualu nā holoholona ʻōpio ma ka pūnaewele makuahine, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala i nā wahi i noho ʻole ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hale noho ma mua o nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻimi holoholona, ʻo lākou ka mea e hana i ka hapa nui o ka mea i loaʻa o ka poʻe hahai holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Noho i ka hapa nui o Eurasia. E moe ana kona wahi noho mai nā Pyrenees a i ka Himalayas. ʻOi ka nui ma nā ʻāina āpau a ʻae ʻia ka hopu holoholona no marten. I kekahi mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, ua lawe kūikawā ʻia ʻo marten a hānai ʻia no ka ʻimi hulu.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka marten kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana luahi nui. He holoholona hulu waiwai ʻo ia, a he umauma pouli momona hoʻi a i ʻole hulu melemele melemele.
