ʻO Asp, i kapa ʻia ʻo cherekh, aspius, keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo, Aral asp, asp-lipped asp, a sheresper (Aspius aspius) ʻo ia ka ʻano maʻamau o nā iʻa predatory e pili ana i ka genus Asp a me ka ʻohana carp mai ke kauoha carp.
Hōʻike o ka iʻa asp
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Asp e nā ʻohana predatory ʻekolu:
- Asp maʻamau a i ʻole ʻEulopa - maʻamau i ʻEulopa;
- Krasnoguby Zherekh - noho i ka wai kahawai o ka Middle and South Caspian;
- ʻAsal Aral - loaʻa i nā kahawai Syr Darya a me Amu Darya.
ʻAʻohe i ʻōpū o nā iʻa kālepa Predatory mai ka ʻohana Carp, a hele pololei nā meaʻai āpau i ke kōpū... E kahe ana kahi ʻōpala pololei a hollow mai ka waha a i ka hiʻu.
ʻO nā ʻelele a pau o ke kauoha carp ua hōʻeleu i nā hana metabolic, ka mea e koi iā lākou e nānā mau no ka meaʻai na lākou iho a he hopena maikaʻi i ka nui. ʻAʻole pīhoihoi ka laha i ka papaʻai a ʻoi aku ka unpretentious e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Helehelena
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o asp a me nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole o ka iʻa kalepa ʻo ke kū ʻana o kahi kua uliuli hina hina, ʻaoʻao ʻāhinahina-hina a me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā fins dorsal a me nā caudal e ka waihoʻoluʻu hina a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pouli. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o lalo ma mua o ka luna.
ʻO nā koena o nā lau e ʻulaʻula i ke kumu, a hina hina i ka hopena. He mau maka melemele ko ka asp. He ākea ke kino, me kahi ʻāpana kua ikaika. Kupaianaha nō hoʻi nā unahi i ka nui a ʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa. Lele kiʻekiʻe loa a lele pono mai ka wai, e hohola ana i nā palahalaha ākea, dorsal paʻakikī a me nā cill.
ʻO ke poʻo elongated poʻo o ka asp i kahi iwi ā lalo i ʻike maka ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa makua a hiki i 110-120 cm me ke kaumaha o 11.5-12.0 kg. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka asp makua oʻo kolohe ma mua o 60-80 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 1.5-2.0 kg.... ʻAʻohe niho o nā iʻa o ka iʻa, akā aia nā tubercles kūikawā a me nā notch ma luna o lākou, ʻo ka mea mua ma lalo.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa i maʻa mau i nā ʻelele āpau o ka cyprinids ʻo ia ke alo o nā lehelehe momona i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā niho ma nā ʻāʻī, akā aia kahi liʻiliʻi o nā incisors i ka pharynx o ka asp.
ʻO nā notch i kau ʻia ma ka iwi ā luna kahi ʻano o nā komo no nā tubercles lalo. ʻO ka hana o ia ʻōnaehana e like me ka hana o ka laka maʻamau, ʻo ka paʻi ʻia ʻana e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa i ka hopu i hopu ʻia e ka iʻa. I kēia ala, hiki i nā asps ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi mea hōʻeha nui.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka papa iʻa i hana ʻia no Ray e noho i nā kahawai haʻahaʻa me kahi au mālie a malie hoʻi. ʻAʻohe kokoke o Asp i nā kino wai i hōʻike ʻia e nā wai kūpikipiki. Mālama ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano he rula, i nā papa o luna o ka wai, e hoʻohana ana i ke au ma hope o ka haki a i ʻole ka waha o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi e kahe ana i loko o nā kino wai. Alakaʻi ʻo Aspen i kahi ala mehameha a ana ʻia o ke ʻano o ke ola, no laila ʻākoakoa lākou i nā hui nui ʻole no ka wā hoʻoilo a i loko paha o ka wā o ka hana ʻana hana.
ʻO ke kaila o ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka hānai ʻana o ka asp asp makua loa. Hoʻopili mua ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e ka pā ʻana o kahi huelo lawa ikaika a kaumaha hoʻi, a laila pau ka ʻai i ka mea pio ʻole. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau mahana, hoʻomaka nā asps e hōʻike i ka hana i ʻike ʻia. I kēia wā, hui pū nā kaʻa ma nā kula nui he nui a lehulehu. ʻAe kēia i ka mea ʻona aquatic e alualu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi āpau. No ka wā hoʻoilo, hele ka asp i loko o nā lua hohonu, e ʻākoakoa ana ma laila i hoʻokahi manawa no kekahi mau kakini.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kaʻina o ka hopu holoholona asp, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā kaua", ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala pinepine pinepine a kūleʻa hoʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
I loko o ia mau "kaua", "lele" me ke akahele nā asps a hiki i kahi ʻāpana o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, hū i loko ona a hana i kahi haunaele, a laila lele lākou i waho o ka wai, a pā ikaika i ka ʻilikai me kā lākou huelo.
A laila ʻohi wale nā mea hōʻaiʻē a ʻai i nā iʻa āpau āpau e ka huelo. I ka wā o ke kauwela, makemake ka iʻa kalepa e neʻe i nā wahi hohonu o ka waihona wai, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokokoke i ke kahakai. ʻO kēia kēia manawa o ka makahiki i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka kūleʻa loa a me ka hoʻohiki no ka hopu ʻana i ka asp, ka mea e hoʻomaka i ka hopu holoholona nui e hōʻiliʻili i kahi nui momona o ka hoʻoilo.
Wā ola
ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka asp ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki, akā hiki ke loli iki ma muli o nā ʻano o ka ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka asp poʻo palahalaha (Pseudaspius lertocerhalus) ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeiwa mau makahiki, a ʻo ka asp Asia he ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki wale nō.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma ke ʻano he wahi ākea e noho ai nā asps, manaʻo ʻia nā waihona wai kūlohelohe, kaupalena ʻia e nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko liʻiliʻi, kūpono ʻole i ke ola o nā iʻa iʻa predatory, a me nā wai haumia. ʻO Asp no ke ola holoʻokoʻa koi i nā wahi wai ākea a lawa ka hohonu, i hōʻike ʻia e ka wai momona a kahe o ka oxygen, a me kahi waihona forage maikaʻi loa.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, noho ka iʻa kalepa i nā ʻōnaehana i hōʻike ʻia e nā muliwai nui, nā waihona wai, nā loko nui o ka ʻĀkau, ka Hema a me nā kai ʻo Baletika o Lūkia.
Liʻiliʻi ka ʻāpana o ka asp a komo pū kekahi mau panalāʻau e uhi ana i ka ʻEulopa Hema a me kahi ʻāpana nui o ʻEulopa Komohana... ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki i ka ʻāpana ke pani ʻia e kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo Eurasia - ma waena o nā muliwai Ural a me Rhine. ʻO ka palena hema o ka pae asp nā wahi o ka panalāʻau o Central Asia: ʻāpana o Kazakhstan a i ʻole nā ipu o ka Caspian a me Aral Seas, a me nā wai o ka Amu Darya a me Syr Darya ma Uzbekistan.
Hoihoi ia! ʻIke ʻia kahi heluna nui ʻole o nā asp asp i loko o ka wai o Lake Balkhash, kahi i noho kuʻuna ʻia nā iʻa kalepa, a ma ka North Caucasus, Siberia a me ka Hikina Hema, ʻaʻole loa i loaʻa nā ʻano manu lele.
ʻO nā palena ʻākau o ka nohona o nā ʻelele o ke kauoha carp holo ma ke kahawai ʻo Svir, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā loko Ladoga a me Onega, a hoʻomau pū nō hoʻi ma ka muliwai Neva, a hiki i nā wahi e kahe ana i loko o ke kai Baltic.
Meaʻai, meaʻai pono
Ma ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana, pili nā asps i ka mahele o nā ichthyophages pelagic, e pili ana i nā papa o luna a waena paha i loko o ka waihona wai, e like me ka mea i hōʻike maopopo ʻia e ka hanana o ka waha a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kino iʻa. Makemake nā ʻōpio e hānai wale i nā mea kolo a me nā ilo, a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me kekahi mau invertebrate nui ʻole.
Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka i 30-40 cm, lilo ka iʻa i predator a hoʻomaka e ʻeleu e ʻai i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i ka bream ʻōpio a me ka roach. Eia nō naʻe, mau kekahi o ka papaʻai o ka asp asp e ulu mau ana i nā pepeke a me nā ilo.
Hāʻawi ka promiscuity o ka asp iā ia e hānai i nā iʻa like ʻole, e like me ka i kapa ʻia nā ʻano nāhelehele weedy: bleak, minnows, pike perch and ide. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o nā ʻelele o ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me Ray me tulka, bream kālā a me ka chub. Hiki iā Asp ke alualu i kahi iʻa nui nui, ʻo ka nui o ia mea i kaupalena ʻia ʻia e kahi waha o ka iʻa nui ʻole mai ka ʻohana Karpov... ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka mea pio i hopu ʻia e asp he 14-15 cm.
Hoihoi ia! E hoʻomaopopo ia no nā ʻāpana asps i ka mahele o nā iʻa e alualu ai i ka mea pio, a mai kali iā ia mai ka hoʻohālua, a ʻo nā ʻelele o ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Ray i lilo i poʻe hahai holoholona i ka wā ʻōpio.
I ka wā huhū ʻole, i ka wā ua nui a me ka makani pāhili, hoʻāʻo nā asps e hele i kahi hohonu hohonu, i kekahi manawa e piʻi kokoke ana i ka ʻili wale nō i mea e pāʻina ai i nā ʻano meaola liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻūhū e hāʻule mau ana i loko o ka wai me nā mea kanu e kau ana ma luna o ka wai o kahi wai kūlohelohe. ʻO nā mea nui a hānai nui ʻia o asp i ʻike ʻia i nā muliwai momona loa, e like me nā kahawai o lalo e like me Dnieper a me Volga.
ʻAha lawaiʻa asp
Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ʻo Asp, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā hana metabolic hana a me ka unpretentiousness i ka papaʻai. I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka asp average ma kahi o 27-28 cm, me ke kaumaha o 0.2 kg a ʻoi aku paha.
Hiki i nā mea ʻaihue wai i ke oʻo kolohe ma kahi o ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola, ke ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā iʻa i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika. ʻO nā makahiki hānau no nā ʻano asps āpau e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau ma kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha ma hope o kā lākou mau hoa "hema".
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana e kaukaʻi pono i nā hiwahiwa o ka ʻāina. I ka panalāʻau hema o ko mākou ʻāina, aspaw spawns, ma ke ʻano he rula, i ka waena o ʻApelila, a ʻo ka wā e hānau ai ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule. ʻO ka hoʻomehana mahana kūpono loa o ka wai i kēia manawa e lele i waena o 7-16 C˚. Pālua ʻia ke kaʻina hana huki manu, no laila, ma kahi o ʻumi pālua iʻa i hiki i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke kupu aʻe ma hoʻokahi wahi, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka manaʻo o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o ka hui.
Hoihoi ia! Hele pū ka wā o ka hoʻouluulu ikaika ʻana o ka asp me nā hakakā o nā kāne, e hakakā nei no ke kuleana e loaʻa ka wahine. I loko o ia mau "hakakā", hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻokau i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi loa i kekahi i kekahi.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kahua hū, ʻaʻole komo ka asp i loko o nā kahawai muliwai pāpaʻu, akā makemake ʻo ia e nānā i kahi ma kahi one-lepo a i ʻole ka papa pōhaku, aia ia i loko o kahi moe o kahi wai i noho mau ʻia. I ke kaʻina hana o ia ʻano ʻimi, hiki i nā iʻa predatory ke piʻi kiʻekiʻe i luna a kū i ke au.
Kūkulu kahi wahine wahine ma kahi o 50-100000 mau hua, i kau ma nā aʻa a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu e make ana i ka hoʻoilo. Pili nā hua hua Asp, pili pono i ka ʻūlū. Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule paha, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hānau ʻia nā larvae mai nā hua manu. I ka lawa ʻole o ka wai mehana, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka manawa hoʻouluulu ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi iki paha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO Asp kahi iʻa predatory super-akahele me nā maka maka maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa- "mea kaua" i hoʻomohala i nā ʻano manaʻo. ʻOiai i ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi holoholona, hiki i kahi mea ʻino ke hoʻomākeʻakeʻa loa i ka wahi a puni, a ʻo ia ke kumu paʻakikī loa i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka asp, me nā kānaka, ke hoʻokokoke iā ia.
Lilo ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i waiwai pio no nā iʻa predatory he nui, e like me nā mākua Aspius aspius. ʻAi pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpio e kekahi manu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā gull a me nā cormorants.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā asps a nā mākua, a ʻo nā ʻelepona a me nā aeto nā kūpilikiʻi nui loa i nā kānaka makua. ʻO ia nā "lawaiʻa" hulu i hiki ke ʻike i kahi asp mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, a ma hope iho ua luʻu koke lākou i lalo a kāʻili lima i kahi ʻelele predatory o ke kauoha carp mai ka wai.
Waiwai kālepa
Mālama nui a hilahila ʻo Asp, akā i ka manawa like, ʻo nā mea ʻai wai loko ʻino loa, no laila, i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, ua lilo ia mau lunamaka o ka ʻohana carp i mea makemake nui ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa haʻuki.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ka ʻiʻo palupalu momona, he iʻa waiwai nui ka asp, akā i nā ʻano lawaiʻa, ʻo ka hopu makahiki o kēia ʻano ma kahi o 0.1% o ka nui o ka hopu.
ʻO nā subspecies semi-anadromous o asp ka waiwai waiwai nui. ʻO kaʻiʻo Asp, ʻoiai kona ʻono maikaʻi loa, ʻano ʻia e ka iwi nui, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano iʻa kalepa no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a i ʻole ka puhipaka ʻana, a ʻo asp balyk i kāna mau ʻonoʻono e like me ka balyk i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai nā iʻa salemona waiwai nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā iʻa predatory e like me ka asp i hōʻike ʻia e ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kahi nui o nā mākua, ʻōpio, i hāʻule i loko o nā ʻupena o nā lawaiʻa i ka manawa like me nā ʻōpio o nā ʻano iʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Asp asp (Аsрius vоraх) - kahi ʻāpana o ka asp maʻamau, no ka ʻohana carp... He kino liʻiliʻi ko ka iʻa predatory a pili i kahi ʻano laha ʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka International Book Red. Noho ka lehulehu o kēia ʻano i nā wai o ke kahawai ʻo Tigris i ʻIraka a me Suria.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Asp i loko o ka Red Data Book of Karelia a i ka IUCN Red Data Book. Ma ka mokuna ʻo Karelia, ka palena palena ʻākau o nā laha e hele a kaʻawale, no laila, he mau kaʻawale wale nō, nā manawa kakaikahi loa o ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa e ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi.
ʻO nā kumu palena nā kūlana kūpono ʻole no ka hana kūlohelohe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka haumia o nā kino wai kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka nīnau no ka pono a me ka pono o ka hānai hānai ʻana o nā iʻa laha ʻole o ka waiwai kalepa, e like me ka asp, ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nei.
