ʻO ka leʻaleʻa kahi manu ʻimi holoholona liʻiliʻi o ka genus falcon, e noho nui nei ma nā ʻāina o Eurasia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. ʻAi nui ka predator i nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe a me nā manu liʻiliʻi, a mālama ʻia e hopu i ka lele. Kaulana ka leʻaleʻa no kāna hana, dexterity a me ke ʻano impudent.
He hānai maikaʻi ʻo ia a makua mālama. Kūleʻa ka laha, ka hapa nui o ka laulā i ka wā o ke anuanu e neʻe ai i ʻApelika a i ʻole tropical Asia. ʻAʻole maopopo maopopo ke kumu o ka inoa ma Rūsia.
Ma muli o nā manaʻo he nui, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "cheglok" i hele mai mai ka Lūkini "chegl", ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo". Aia kekahi manaʻo ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka manu, ʻoiai kona liʻiliʻi, ua koho ʻia i waena o ka hui o nā falcon kaulana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hopu holoholona: peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon a saker falcon.
Hōʻike o ka hobby
Helehelena
ʻO ka hobbyist hunter koa e like me kahi kope liʻiliʻi o kahi falcon maʻamau... Hiki ke huikau maʻalahi me kahi falcon per Faline. ʻOkoʻa ka leʻaleʻa mai ia ia wale nō i ka nui, nā kaha lonikū ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. ʻOiai ke kū ʻana o nā kala ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula wale nō i ke kala, ke nānā aku nei ka manu a ʻano ʻē.
ʻAno liʻiliʻi ka nuku o ka hobby a nāwaliwali hoʻi. Liʻiliʻi ʻo Tarsus, uhi ʻia me ka hulu i ka ʻāpana luna. Ma nā wāwae wīwī, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i nā manamana wāwae pōkole. ʻOiai ke kino liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke ʻano o ka leʻaleʻa me he mea lā māmā a nani hoʻi, lōʻihi nā ʻeheu, no laila ua puka iki lākou ma ʻō aku o ka hopena o ka hiʻu o ka wedge. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā kāne makua e loli ma kahi o 160-200g. Nā Wahine - 230-250g. ʻO nā lōʻihi 319-349 a me 329-367 mm, ma kēlā me kēia.
Hoihoi ia! I ka plumage o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, lilo nā ʻaoʻao luna a me hope o ka leʻaleʻa i brownish, nalowale nā aka bluish. ʻO nā wahi ma lalo o ka huelo a me ka tibia e like nā kala me ka Hobby kahiko.
Ke hoʻololi mau nei ke kala o ka manu, akā i ka manawa like ke nānā aku nei nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka like like, no laila he paʻakikī loa e hoʻokaʻawale i ke keikikāne mai ke kaikamahine. Keʻokeʻo "pēpē", kāʻei iā ia no 8-15 mau lā mua o kona ola. A laila lawe ka lole i nā pale hina me kahi ocher o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka plumage pūnana hoʻomaka mua kokoke i 1 mahina o ke ola. Uhi ʻia ke kua i ka plumage ʻeleʻele. Ma kahi kokoke i ke poʻo, ʻike ʻia nā aka ʻōlani. ʻO ka ʻōpū e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā aka like o ka ocher, akā me kahi ʻano lonikū. ʻO ka nuku o ka leʻaleʻa he hina-ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani polū ma ke kumu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā paws melemele ʻeleʻele me nā māiʻuʻu pouli.
Loaʻa i kahi manu makua i kahi kahakaha uliuli e hōʻike ai i ka dorsal i ke kala plumage. I kahi huluhulu luhi, nalo iki kēia hina. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiwi a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī i uhi ʻia me nā kaha keʻokeʻo. Ka uhi ʻana i nā ʻāpana hulu ʻole o ka pepeiao, a me kahi ʻumiʻumi i hoʻohālike ʻia - kahi malu ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā kaha ma lalo o nā maka. He keʻokeʻo ka umauma, nā ʻaoʻao a me ka peritoneum, me nā kiko pōuliuli ākea ākea. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka peritoneum kokoke i ka huelo, ka wāwae o lalo, a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ka huelo o nā kāne. I nā wahine, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻoka a ʻulaʻula paha me nā kiko ʻalani, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma ka dorsum o ka ʻēheu. ʻO nā wahi o ke kino i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka hulu e like me nā ʻōpio.
Auila
Noho ka falcon falby i nā wahi āpau, kahi e ʻae ai nā kūlana o ke anilā. Hiki ke loaʻa ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau kahi o nā ululāʻau, nā kahawai a me nā wahi ākea kokoke. Lele wikiwiki ka hobby, i kekahi manawa intermittently. Ma muli o ke kaupaona a me ke ʻano o ke kino, i hiki ai iā ia ke hopu i nā ea o ke ea a me ke ʻaoʻao o ka makani, hiki ke lele i kahi manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka lele ʻana o kona mau ʻeheu.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā manu e hopohopo a ʻeleu hoʻi, ʻeleu loa lākou a me ke kelepona.... Hōʻike pinepine kēia iā ia iho i ko lākou ʻano i ko lākou mau hoanoho. ʻAʻole "launa" nā mea hoʻokipa me kekahi manu. Ma waena o lākou aia paha he mau ʻelele ʻelua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻohana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hoʻoholo ʻia ka nele o ke aloha e ka pōloli, ka nele i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻokūkū, he hiʻohiʻona wale nō ia o ke ʻano o kahi hobbyist.
Hoihoi ia!Keʻike nei i ke alo o kahi manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e palaualelo e hoʻomaka koke i kahi hakakā. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi e hele mai i ka māla o ka hobby o ka hihiʻo ʻike ʻia e lākou ma ke ʻano he pio. A inā ʻaʻole kūleʻa nā kānaka āpau i ka hopu ʻana, e hoʻāʻo nui ka hobby.
ʻO kēia kanaka kolohe i noho kokoke i nā ʻāina kanaka, ʻaʻole ia e hana ʻino, akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ke kaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino liʻiliʻi e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā starling. Hiki i ka hobbyist i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka wikiwiki ke hoʻokūkū me ke kaʻaahi, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele ʻole i kāna kōkua ma ka ʻimi holoholona. Ma hope o ke kaʻaahi, hopu ka mea ʻahu hulu i nā manu, i kipaku ʻia mai nā lālā hūnā e ka halulu a me ke kani o kahi kaʻaahi e neʻe ana.
I loko o nā pāʻani aloha, hiki i ka falcon ke aloha ma mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, hānai pinepine ka kāne hoʻokipa kāne kāne kāne i ka wahine mai ka nuku pono i ka lele e hōʻike iā ia i kāna aloha. Makemake lākou e noho i nā kumulāʻau, e lawe ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe. Pono e loaʻa kahi wai ma kahi kokoke (kahi kahawai, kahi loko a kahawai maʻalahi paha), nā ulu lāʻau ulu a puni ka pūnana, a me kahi māla manuahi a i ʻole nā lau nahele e hiki ai i nā hobbyists ke ʻimi. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole kūkulu ka falcon i nā pūnana, noho ia i nā mea hakahaka, a kipaku paha i nā ʻona mai kahi āna i makemake ai. Pale ka wahine i ko lāua home mai nā mea komo hewa, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi hobbyist
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi leʻaleʻa ʻo 17-20 mau makahiki, akā ʻike ʻia nā livers lōʻihi, nona ka makahiki i hōʻea i 25 mau makahiki.
Nā lālā hoʻokipa
ʻO ka maʻa mau, aia nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā Hobbies, ʻo Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert und Neumann, a ʻo Falco subbuteo Linnaeus. ʻO ka mea mua - 1907, noho i nā ʻāina hema hikina o ʻAsia. Kūmau kēia mau mea lawelawe; hiki ke loaʻa pū kekahi ia ma nā ʻāina mai ka hema hikina o Kina a i Myanmar.
ʻO ka lua o nā lā i hoʻi mai i ka makahiki 1758 a ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ma ka ʻākau komohana o ʻApelika a me ʻEulopa (koe wale no ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina). He neʻe aku nā ʻāpana, noho i waho anuanu ma ʻAsia a me ʻApelika Hema.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Koho ka leʻaleʻa i nā ululāʻau māmā no ke ola me nā ākea ākea ākea no ka hopu holoholona. Hiki iā ia ke pūnana ma kahi o ka ululāʻau holoʻokoʻa o ka USSR mua. Taiga (ʻo kāna ʻāpana ʻākau) kahi i manaʻo ʻia he ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa kēia falcon ma ʻItalia, ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻAsia Minor, ma Sepania, Mongolia, ʻAsia a me Helene. ʻAʻole noho nā mea leʻaleʻa ma Asia Hema, ka wahi nahele ulu lāʻau o ʻApelika Komohana, ʻInia a me Kina.
Hoihoi ia!Koho ʻia kahi falcon liʻiliʻi i nā ululāʻau laha ʻole no ka pūnana ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau pine lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe nā mea i makemake ʻia.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka lihi o kahi ululāʻau, ma waho o ka bog sphagnum, ma ke kapa o kahi muliwai nui, ma kahi e pili kokoke ana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. Hōʻalo ʻo Cheglok i ka taiga pouli mau a me kahi i nele i nā lāʻau.
ʻAi, kāʻili ʻana i kahi leʻaleʻa
ʻAi nui ka predator i nā manu liʻiliʻi, a me nā ʻelala. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, lilo nā dragonflies, beetles a me nā butterflies i mau mea nāna i hōʻeha. Mai nā manu, makemake ka falcon e ʻahaʻaina i nā starling, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻili hulu ʻē aʻe. I ka pō, hiki i ka hobbyist ke hopu i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa pū kekahi. Makemake pū ʻo ia e noho kokoke i nā wahi o nā ale, nā neʻe ʻeleʻele, i nā starling. Hiki i nāʻiole a me nā holoholona honua ʻē aʻe ke lilo i waiwai pio wale nō ma ka ulia ʻana, e like me ka manu e ʻimi ai i ka lani
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻi nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi pūnana... Hana ʻia kēia ma kahi o ʻApelila 15th a Mei 10, ke uhi ʻia nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, ʻeleu loa nā kāne. Hoʻokomo lākou i kahi hōʻike holoʻokoʻa i ka lewa, e hoʻonani ana i nā mea nānā maʻamau me nā pirouette kupaianaha. Ma hope o ke koho mua ʻana o ka pūnana (e like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia), hiki i nā manu ke hoʻohana iā ia no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani. Kū ka Clutching ma ka hopena o Iune a Iulai paha.
Hoihoi ia!Hiki i ka wahine ke moe i 2 a i 6 mau hua o ka hina hina a i ʻole ka ʻoka me nā splashes ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka nui o nā hua manu 1 mai ka 29 a hiki i ka 36 mm. ʻO ka wā hatching no nā moa he 27-33 mau lā.
Noho ka wahine ma luna o nā hua, ʻoiai ke kāne e hana nei i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai a hānai pono i ka makuahine o ka wā e hiki mai ana. I nā lā mua, hana wale ka wahine i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa fluffy keʻokeʻo, ma hope o ka lawe pū ʻana o nā "mākua" i ka meaʻai. I ka makahiki 30-35, ʻo nā moa, ma ke ʻano he rula, hiki ke lele ʻē. E loaʻa nā mākua i nā meaʻai na lākou ma kahi o 5 mau pule hou, a ma hope e hōʻike ke kūʻokoʻa i nā pēpē hou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o Hobbyist... Hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou "ʻano ʻino", ka wahi hiki ʻole o nā pūnana a me ka dexterity o ka lele ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i mea pio maʻalahi. Hiki i nā mea maʻi a ʻelemakule paha ke loaʻa iā lākou iho i ka paʻa o ka ʻenemi. He pilina kūlike ʻo Hobby me kekahi kanaka. Noho ma kahi kokoke, he mea pono ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohi, ʻoiai ke kinai nei i nā mea ʻinoʻino a me nā manu liʻiliʻi "thieving" me ka hauʻoli nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina, ʻo ka heluna hoglok ma kahi o 3 miliona mau pālua. ʻAʻole helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka Red Book.
