Ka mana a me ka hanohano, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hiki ke lele lele phenomenal - he cougar kēia a pau, kekahi o nā pōpoki koʻikoʻi loa ma ka honua (kahi 4 ma hope o ka liona, jaguar a me ke Tiga). Ma ʻAmelika, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka jaguar ma mua o ka cougar, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka cougar a me ka liona mauna.
Ka wehewehe o ka cougar
Puma concolor - ʻo kēia ka inoa o nā laha ma ka Lākina, kahi i unuhi ʻia ai ka ʻāpana ʻelua ma ke ʻano he "kala hoʻokahi", a he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia ʻōlelo inā mākou e nānā i ke kala i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kumu. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole nānā ka holoholona i ka monochrome holoʻokoʻa: hoʻohālikelike ka ʻaoʻao luna i ka ʻōpū māmā, a ʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻāpana keʻokeʻo o ka auwae a me ka waha ma ka waha.
Helehelena
ʻO ke kāne makua ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka nui ma mua o ka wahine a kaupaona i 60-80 kg me ka lōʻihi o 1-1.8 mika... Loaʻa i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona 100-105 kg. ʻO ka cougar he 0.6-0.9 m ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka muscular, kaulike kaulike ʻia he 0.6-0.75 m. He kino elongated a maʻalahi hoʻi ke cougar, pāpale ʻia me ke poʻo kaulike me nā pepeiao pepeiao. Nānā nui loa ka cougar a me nā maka ʻōniʻoniʻo nani ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kala o ka iris mai ka hazel a me ka hina hina i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO nā wāwae wāwae ākea (me nā manamana wāwae he 4) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mua, me 5 mau manamana wāwae. ʻO nā manamana wāwae he mākaukau me nā māiʻuʻu meli a ʻoi hoʻi e hoʻi i hope e like me nā pōpoki āpau. Pono nā māiʻu e hiki ke hoʻihoʻi e hopu a paʻa i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a me ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumu. He pōkole ke kākahu o ka liona mauna, huhū, akā mānoanoa, e like me ke kala o kāna mea pio nui - dia. I nā mākua, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka lalo o ke kino ma mua o ka luna.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā aniani nunui he ʻulaʻula, hina-ʻeleʻele, one a me melemele-ʻeleʻele. ʻIke ʻia nā māka keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū.
Ua ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā ʻōkuʻu: kuni ʻia ko lākou huluhulu ʻeleʻele me ka pouli, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele mau kiko, aia nā kaha i mua a me nā wāwae hope, a me nā apo ma ka huelo. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ke kala o ka pumas e ke aniau. ʻO nā mea e noho ana i nā wahi tropical loaʻa iā lākou i nā leo ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ka poʻe ma ka ʻākau e hōʻike i nā kani hina.
Nā ʻohana Cougar
A hiki i ka makahiki 1999, hana pū nā meaolaola me ka hoʻohālikelike kahiko o nā cougars, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano morphological, a ʻike ʻia he 30 mau mea lawelawe. Hoʻomaopopo ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana (ma muli o ka noiʻi genetic) i ka helu ʻana, e hoʻemi ana i nā ʻano cougars āpau i 6 mau ʻāpana, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka helu like o nā hui phylogeographic.
Ma ka maʻalahi, ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻino i kā lākou genome a me kā lākou hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻāina kikoʻī.
- Puma concolor costaricensis - ʻAmelika Waena;
- Puma concolor couguar - ʻAmelika Hema;
- Puma concolor cabrerae - ʻAmelika Hema waena;
- Puma concolor capricornensis - ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika Hema;
- Puma concolor puma - ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema;
- ʻO Puma concolor concolor ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Puma concolor coryi, kahi cougar Florida e noho nei i nā ululāʻau / nā kahawai o South Florida, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā subspecies rarest loa.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe ma ka Big Cypress National Preserve (USA)... I ka makahiki 2011, ma luna o 160 mau kānaka i noho ma aneʻi, no laila ke kumu i helu ʻia ai nā lālā i loko o ka IUCN Red List me ke kūlana o "critically endangered" (i ke ʻano pilikia). ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka cougar o Florida, e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā biologists, ʻo ia ka hewa o ke kanaka nāna i hoʻokahe i nā wahi kai a ʻimi iā ia no ka hoihoi haʻuki. Hāpai pū kekahi i ka make ʻana, ke pili pono nā holoholona e pili ana (ma muli o ka heluna kanaka).
ʻO ke ola, ʻano
ʻO nā Cougars nā mea hilahila i pili i ke poʻo e hui wale i ka wā o ka male a laila ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi pule. Mālama pū nā wahine me nā kittens. ʻAʻole hoaaloha nā kāne makua: ʻo kēia wale nō ke ʻano o nā ʻūlū ʻōpio, nā mea i haʻalele koke mai ka lepa o ko lākou makuahine. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka lehulehu i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pāʻani: hiki i kahi cougar hoʻokahi ke hoʻokele ma 85 km ², a ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kakini predators ma ka hapalua wahi liʻiliʻi.
Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho ka wahi ʻimi holoholona a ka wahine mai 26 a 350 km², e pili ana me kahi o nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻāpana kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka ʻimi kāne kāne (140-760 km ²) a ʻaʻole hele me nā mokuna o ka mea hoʻokūkū. Kaha ʻia nā laina me ka mimi / nāʻu a me nā kaha lāʻau. Hoʻololi ka cougar i kona wahi ma waena o ka pūnaewele ma muli o ke kau. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia nā liona mauna i ke ola ma nā ʻāina ʻoʻoleʻa: he poʻe lele lele maikaʻi lākou (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā felines āpau) ma ka lōʻihi a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
Nā moʻolelo Cougar:
- lele lōʻihi - 7.5 m;
- lele kiʻekiʻe - 4.5 m;
- lele mai kahi kiʻekiʻe - 18 m (mai ka hale o kahi hale ʻelima mau papa).
Hoihoi ia! Hōʻalo ʻo Cougar i 50 km / h, akā lele koke i waho, akā lanakila maʻalahi i nā pali mauna, piʻi maikaʻi i nā pōhaku a me nā kumu lāʻau. Ke mahuka nei ʻo Cougars mai nā ʻīlio ma nā wao nahele komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a ʻo ka piʻi hoʻi i ka cacti nunui. ʻAʻau maikaʻi ka holoholona, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike i ka hoihoi nui i kēia haʻuki.
Huli ka puma i ka wā ahiahi, makemake e kīkē i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia me hoʻokahi lele ikaika, a i ke ao e hiamoe ka mea ʻaihue i ka lua, e hoʻomoe i ka lā a i ʻole nā palu iā ia iho, e like me nā pōpoki āpau. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi he mau moʻolelo e pili ana i ka uē chilling i hana ʻia e ka cougar, akā ʻo nā mea āpau he fiction. Kū ka uwa nui loa i ka wā rutting, a ʻo ke koena o ka manawa o ka holoholona i kaupalena ʻia, kaniʻuhū, ʻū, ʻūlū a me ka feline maʻamau ʻo "meow".
Wā ola
I ka nahelehele, hiki i kahi cougar ke ola i 18-20 mau makahiki inā ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule i ka maka mua o kahi pū hopu holoholona a i ʻole nā paʻa o kahi holoholona nui.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ia wale nō ka pōpoki hihiu ma ʻAmelika, e noho ana ma ka ʻāina lōʻihi loa o ka ʻāina.... I kekahi mau kenekulia ma mua, hiki ke loaʻa ka cougar ma kahi ākea ākea mai ka hema o Patagonia (Argentina) a Kanada a me Alaska. I kēia mau lā, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka pae, a i kēia manawa nā cougars (inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada) i Florida wale nō, a me nā wahi komohana ʻemi liʻiliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka wahi o kā lākou makemake nui ʻo ia nō ʻo ʻAmelika Hema ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa.
ʻIke ka poʻe Zoologists i ka laulā o ka cougar e hana hou i ka laulā o ka hāʻawi o ka dia ahiu, kāna mea lawaiʻa nui. ʻAʻole ia he mea laka ke kapa ʻia ka mea ʻaihue he liona mauna - makemake ʻo ia e noho ma nā ululāʻau mauna kiʻekiʻe (a i 4700 m ma luna o ke kai) akā ʻaʻole ia e pale i ka pāpū. ʻO ka mea nui e ʻike ʻia ka dia a me nā pāʻani hānai ʻē aʻe i ka nui ma kahi i koho ʻia.
Noho ʻo Cougars i nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole e like me:
- ululaau;
- na ululaau coniferous;
- pampas;
- kula papu;
- mauna haʻahaʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, makaʻu nā cougars liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika Hema e ʻike ʻia ma nā kahawai palaho kahi e ʻimi ai nā jaguars.
Mea ʻai Cougar
Hele ka holoholona i ka hopu holoholona ke ʻeleʻele a hoʻomoe mau i ka hoʻohālua i mea e lele nui ai i ka gape. He paʻakikī ka hakakā me ka bipi a me ka elk no ka cougar, no laila hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke kumu o ke kahaha, hoʻopaʻa iā ia me kahi lele pololei ma ke kua o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. I ka manawa ma luna, ʻo ka cougar, ma muli o kona kaupaona, wili i kona ʻāʻī a i ʻole (e like me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe) ʻeli i kona mau niho i ka ʻāʻī a ʻokiʻoki. ʻO kaʻai cougar ka hapanui o nā mammals ungulate, akā i kekahi manawa hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia iā ia me nā koʻokoʻo a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia ka cougar he kanibalistic.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o ka liona mauna e like me kēia:
- dia (keokeo, huelo ʻeleʻele, pampas, caribou a me wapiti);
- moose, bipi kāne a me nā hipa bighorn;
- porcupines, sloths a me nā posum;
- lāpaki, ʻūlū a me nāʻiole;
- beavers, muskrats and agouti;
- skunks, armadillos a me nā raccoons;
- nā moʻo, nā lynxes a me nā coyotes.
ʻAʻole hōʻole ka cougar i nā manu, nā iʻa, nā ʻelala a me nā kuhū. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻo ia e hoʻouka i nā baribals, alligators a me nā grizzlies makua. ʻAʻole like me nā leopadi a me nā tigika, no kahi cougar ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā holoholona lūlū a me nā holoholona hihiu: inā hiki, ʻoki ʻo ia i nā holoholona / nā manu, me ka mālama ʻole i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio pū kekahi.
Hoihoi ia! I hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻai kekahi cougar mai ka 860 a i ka 1300 kg o ka ʻiʻo, i like ia me ke kaupaona o ke kanalima o nā ungulate. Huki pinepine a mamao loa ʻo ia i ke kupapaʻu i ʻai hapa ʻia e hūnā (uhi ʻia me ka palaki, nā lau a i ʻole ka hau) a hoʻi hou i hope.
He maʻa mau ka cougar o ka pepehi ʻana i ka pāʻani me kahi mālama, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kahi nui i ʻoi aku i kāna mau pono. ʻO ka poʻe Indians, ka mea i ʻike e pili ana i kēia, nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea ʻaihue a lawe aku i nā kupapaʻu i ʻeli ʻia e ia, pinepine pinepine ʻole.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe kau paʻa liona o nā liona mauna, a no nā ʻeke wale nō e noho ana ma ka latitu ʻākau, aia kekahi ʻano - ʻo kēia ka manawa mai Kēkēmapa a Malaki. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahine e male no ma kahi o 9 mau lā. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻūlū e ʻimi nei i kahi hoa hana e ʻike ʻia e nā uē huhū naʻau kāne a me kā lākou hakakā. Hoʻopili ke kāne me nā wahine estrus āpau e holoholo i kāna ʻāina.
Hānau ka cougar i nā keiki mai 82 a 96 mau lā, e hānau ana he 6 mau keiki, ke kaumaha nei kēlā me kēia 0.2-0.4 kg a he 0.3 ka lōʻihi i loko o ʻelua mau pule, ʻike ka mau keiki hānau hou i ka mālamalama a nānā i ka honua me nā maka polū. ʻEono mau mahina ma hope mai, hoʻololi ke kala lani o ka iris i ka amber a i ʻole hina. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa, ua hoʻololi nā keiki keiki i hū i ko lākou niho i ka papaʻai makua, akā ʻaʻole e hāʻawi i ka waiū o ka makuahine. ʻO ka hana ʻoi loa ke alo i ka makuahine, ka mea i koi ʻia e lawe i ka ʻiʻo i kāna mau keiki makua (ʻekolu mau manawa i ʻoi aku nona).
I ka makahiki 9 o ka mahina, hoʻomaka e nalo nā ʻeleʻele i ka ʻahu o nā keiki keiki, a nalowale loa i ka makahiki 2... ʻAʻole haʻalele nā Cubs i ko lākou makuahine a hiki i kahi o 1.5-2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, a laila hoʻopuehu i ka ʻimi ʻana i kā lākou mau pūnaewele. Ke haʻalele nei i ko lākou makuahine, noho mau nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā hui liʻiliʻi no kekahi manawa a hoʻopuehu loa, e komo ana i ka wā ʻōpio. I nā wahine, loaʻa ka momona ma 2.5 mau makahiki, i nā kāne - ʻeono mau mahina ma hope.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe ʻano like o ka cougar. Me kekahi kikoo, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea ʻiʻo nui i nā poʻe makemake maʻi kūlohelohe.
- jaguars;
- ʻīlio hihiu (i loko o nā ʻeke);
- aloha nui;
- nā caimans ʻeleʻele;
- Nā ʻĀpana Alligators.
Hoihoi ia! Ke hoʻomanawanui nei ka cougar i ka hoʻomāinoino i ka pahele (ʻokoʻa ka jaguar frenzied a me ke Tiga). Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho, a ma hope ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia iho i kāna hopena a noho neʻe ʻole a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka mea hahai holoholona.
Hoʻouka pinepine kēia mau holoholona āpau i nā cougars nāwaliwali a ʻōpio paha. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi o ka cougar kahi kanaka nāna e kī a kau i nā pahele ma luna ona.
ʻO Puma me kāne
Ua hana ʻo Theodore Roosevelt i kahi kaiāulu no ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona, akā no kekahi kumu ua makemake ʻole ʻo ia i nā cougars a (me ke kākoʻo o ke poʻo o ka Zoological Society of New York) ʻae lākou e luku ʻia me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻole ʻia ma loko o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe hahai holoholona e hoʻohuli no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua luku ʻia he haneli mau tausani cougars ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ʻo ka makaʻala o ka holoholona ponoʻī i ke kanaka a hōʻeha loa iā ia.... I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau cougar hoʻouka kaua i hana ʻia ma United States a me Kanada (mai 1890 a 2004), ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i hana ʻia ma kahi o. Wanekoua.
I ka nohona o ka cougar, pono e mālama ʻia nā akahele pono:
- nānā keiki;
- lawe i kahi lāʻau ikaika me ʻoe;
- mai neʻe hoʻokahi;
- ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia, ʻaʻole pono e holo kekahi mai ke cougar: pono ke nānā pololei iā ia i nā maka a ... auwē.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia makaʻu ka holoholona i ka poʻe lōʻihi. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo nā mea o kāna hoʻouka kaua ʻana he mau keiki a i ʻole nā mākua nunui e hele i ke ala o cougar i ka pouli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Mahalo i nā hana pale (mai ka 1971, aia nā cougars i lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina), ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka. Ua kapu ʻia ka Cougars Hunting a i ʻole kapu ʻia ma waena o ʻAmelika, akā kī ʻia lākou i kēia manawa, no ka mea ʻo ka pōʻino i hana ʻia i nā wahi huli holoholona a me nā holoholona.
ʻOiai ke kī ʻana o nā wā a me nā loli i ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻonui kekahi o nā subspecies o ka cougar i kā lākou helu, no ka mea ua hoʻomaʻa lākou i nā ʻano ʻāina ʻē ma mua. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ola hou ka heluna cougar, kahi i noho i ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a luku maoli ʻia ma laila i ke kenekulia i hala. I kēia mau lā, aneane he 30 tausani predators, i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala hana o ka hikina a me nā wahi hema.
Hoihoi ia!Eia nō naʻe, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana (Puma concolor coryi, Puma concolor couguar āpau a me Puma concolor costaricensis) i helu mau ʻia ma ka CITES Appendix I ma nā holoholona ʻaneʻane pau.
A ʻo ka mea hope loa. Ke lawe nei nā mea i ʻaʻa a nui aku i ka aʻo ʻana i nā keiki cougar maikaʻi... Hoʻopili ke ʻano i nā ʻelele exotic a weliweli hoʻi o ka holoholona. Pehea e pau ai nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e hōʻino i nā holoholona hihiu, ʻike mākou mai ka laʻana o ka ʻohana Berberov.
