ʻO Kiwi (Artеryх) ka mea i koho wale ʻia no ka genus o ratite mai ka ʻohana o ka inoa like (Artеrygidae) a me ke kauoha o nā kiwiformes, a i ʻole nā manu ʻēheu (Artеrygifоrеs). Aia i loko o ka genus nā ʻano ʻelima i hope i Nūhōlani. He pili pili loa ka manu o ka cassowary a me ka emu.
Hōʻike o ka manu kiwi
ʻO Kiwis kahi hōʻailona o Nūhōlani, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o kēia manu ma nā peʻa a me nā moni.... ʻO nā helehelena a me nā ʻano o ke kiwi he mea kupaianaha a ʻokoʻa loa hoʻi mai ka wehewehe ʻana a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā manu ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia e ka mea hulihonua ʻo William Calder i mau ʻelele mālamalama o ka ʻohana Artérygidae "mammals hanohano".
Helehelena
ʻO nā Kiwi he mau ratite lele ʻole. ʻO ka nui o ia manu makua he liʻiliʻi loa ia, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka nui o kahi moa maʻamau. No ke kiwi, ʻano nui ka dimorphism moekolohe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Kino ke ʻano o ka manu. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, aia ma ka ʻāʻī pokole. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 1.4-4.0 kg.
Kiwi ke ʻano o ke kū mai o ka hōʻemi nui loa o nā ʻeheu, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu āpau e noho nei i kēia lā. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻeheu i 50 mm, no laila ʻike maka ʻole ʻia lākou ma lalo o ka plumage hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ua mālama nā kiwi i kā lākou ʻano manu, a i ke kaʻina hoʻomaha ua hūnā lākou i ko lākou nuku ma lalo o ka ʻēheu.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka papa o ke kino o ka manu e uhi like ʻia me nā hulu palupalu o kahi hina hina a i ʻole nā kala brown brown, ʻoi aku ka like o ka helehelena i ka hulu hipa. ʻAʻohe huelo o Kiwis. ʻO nā wāwae o ka manu ʻehā, he pōkole a ikaika loa hoʻi, mākaukau ʻia me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi. Hōʻike ʻia ka iwi iwi e ka iwi kaumaha.
ʻO Kiwi kahi manu e hilinaʻi nui ʻole ma kāna mau maka, i hāʻawi ʻia e nā maka liʻiliʻi, akā i ka lohe maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka honi. He nuku lōʻihi, palupalu, lahilahi a pololei a wili liʻiliʻi paha ka manu, kahi i hiki i ke kāne makua ke lōʻihi i ka 9.5-10.5 knm. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka nuku o ka wahine, a waiho ma kahi o 11.0-12.0 cm. Hoʻoemi ʻia ke alelo a Kiwi. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu o ka nuku, aia nā lālā o ka hoʻopā, i hōʻike ʻia e nā bristles a i ʻole ka vibrissae.
ʻO ka mahana o ke kino o ke kiwi he 38 ° C, kahi ma kahi o ʻelua kekelē ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nui o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o kēia pae no ka mahana o ke kino o ka hapa nui o nā māmela. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka plumage o ke kiwi i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī loa a ʻōlelo ikaika ʻia, hoʻomanaʻo ʻole i kahi ʻala mushroom.
Hoihoi ia! Wehe ʻia nā puka ihu o Kiwi ma ka hope o ka nuku, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe ma ke kumu o ka nuku e waiho ai.
Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona he palupalu loa ka manu i nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina he nui, i hiki ke ʻimi maʻalahi i ke kiwi e ka honi.
Ka nohona a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe i makemake ʻia no ke kiwi he mau ʻulu a me nā wahi ulu mau loa. Ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā manamana wāwae lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke manu i ke ala e paʻa ai i ka lepo lepo. Kuhi ʻia nā wahi i noho nui ʻia e ka noho ʻana ma kahi o ʻehā a ʻelima mau manu i kēlā me kēia kilomika kilomika o ka wahi. ʻO nā Kiwis wale nō i ka pō a i ke ahiahi.
I ke ao, hoʻāʻo ʻo kiwi e hūnā i nā lua i eli ʻia, nā lua, a i ʻole ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i kahi kiwi hina nui ke ʻeli i kahi lua, kahi maze maoli me nā puka a me nā puka komo. Ma kona ʻāpana ʻāina, he ʻelima mau kakini o nā hale noho o kekahi kanaka makua, e loli i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lua i eli ʻia i ka manu i mau pule wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana... I loko o kēia wā, ulu maikaʻi nā mea kanu mossy a me nā lau nahele, kahi lawelawe maikaʻi loa no ke komo ʻana i ka hale. I kekahi manawa ke akahele pono nei ʻo kiwi i ka pūnana o kāna pūnana, e uhi ʻiʻo ana i ka ʻaoʻao komo me nā lau a hōʻiliʻili ʻia hoʻi nā lālā.
I ke ao, hiki i ka manu ke haʻalele i kona puʻuhonua inā wale nō i ka pilikia e hiki mai ana. I ka pō, he maʻalahi ke ʻano manu, no laila hiki iā ia ke hele a puni ka wahi o kāna pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi manu hūnā a makaʻu hoʻi i ke ao, lilo ia i mea hakakā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō. Aia ʻo Kiwi i ka mahele o nā manu ʻāina, no laila, ke kāne male, a ʻo ke kāne hoʻi, pale ikaika i kāna wahi pūnana mai nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā mea kaua weliweli, i kēia hihia, ikaika a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā wāwae, a he nuku lōʻihi hoʻi. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke pau ka hakakā ma waena o nā manu hoʻokūkū i ka make no kekahi o kēlā me kēia kanaka.
Hoihoi ia! Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi loa nā hakakā koʻikoʻi a koko hoʻi ma waena o nā kiwi makua, a no ka pale ʻana i nā palena o ka pūnaewele, makemake nā manu e hoʻohana i kahi uē nui, lohe maopopo ʻia i kahi mamao o kekahi mau kilomita.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi kiwi?
I ka nahelehele, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke ola o ke kiwi ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki. Inā mālama pono ʻia i ke pio ʻana, hiki i kēlā manu ke noho i kanakolu mau makahiki, a i kekahi manawa a i ka hapalua kenekulia paha.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana kūlohelohe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kiwi ka teritori o New Zealand. ʻIke ʻia nā kiwi ʻĀkau a i ʻole Arteryx manteli ma ka ʻAkau ʻAkau, a ʻo nā manu e pili ana i nā ʻano e like me ka australis a i ʻole A. australis, rovi a me A. rowi a me nā kiwi hina nui a i ʻole A. haasti e noho ana i ka South Island ma kahi lehulehu. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau kānaka ma ka panalāʻau o Kapiti Island.
Mea ʻai a me ka hōʻiliʻili Kiwi
Makemake ke kiwi e alualu i ka pō, no laila, i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio, haʻalele ka manu i kona puʻuhonua ma kahi o ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā ma lalo o ka pae. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelala a me nā ʻenuhe, a me nā mollusc, nā amphibians liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole nui nā crustacea, ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā lunamakaʻāinana o Artеryх.
Hoihoi ia! ʻImi ʻia ka Prey no ke kiwi me ke kōkua o kahi ʻano o ka pilau a me ka hoʻopā maikaʻi, a hiki i kahi manu ke ʻala maʻalahi i ka meaʻai ma ke kau ʻana i kona nuku lōʻihi i loko o ka lepo.
No nā kumu meaʻai, hiki i ka manu ke hoʻohana pono i nā meaʻai mea kanu, e ʻai wale nei i nā hua a hua paha.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO Kiwi no ka mahele o nā manu monogamous. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hana ʻia nā pālua manu ʻohana ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau manawa male, akā i kekahi manawa no ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Pale aku nā manu kūloko i ko lākou panalāʻau āpau mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā hoʻokūkū. Ma kahi o ʻelua mau manawa o ka pule, hui nā manu i kā lākou lua pūnana, a kani pū me ka leo nui me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa pō. ʻO ka wā hānau mai Iune a i Malaki Malaki.
Ke waiho nei kahi wahine kiwi i hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau hua manu i loko o ka mink i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia a i ʻole ma lalo o ke aʻa o nā mea kanu. I loko o ka manawa o ke kau ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻopau ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha manawa hānai ma mua o ka wā o ka moena.
I kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, kū ka manu i ka hānai ʻana, no ka nui o ka hua manu a nui ka manawa i loko o ke kino. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻaʻole ia ka wahine nāna e hoʻoulu i nā hua, akā ʻo ke kiwi kāne. I kekahi manawa, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānai, hoʻololi iki ʻia ke kāne e ka wahine.
ʻO ka manawa hoʻouluulu ma lalo o ʻekolu mau mahina... ʻO ka hatching process he mau lā i hala, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai ka moa e haki ka pūpū me ke kōkua o kona nuku a me nā wāwae. ʻO nā moa Kiwi i hānau ʻia ua ʻēheu ka hulu, a no ia mea he ʻano like ko lākou me nā mākua. E like me nā mea i ʻike maka ʻia, ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o nā moa, haʻalele nā mākua i kā lāua keiki.
I loko o nā lā ʻekolu mua, kuleana nā hānai subolutan subolutan no ka hānai ʻana i nā moa. Hiki i nā moa kiwi ke haʻalele i ko lākou pūnana, a i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau pule, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā keiki kiwi e ulu nei e ʻimi i nā meaʻai na lākou.
Hoihoi ia! I loko o ka mua a me ka hapa mahina, hānai wale nā moa kiwi i ke ao, a laila huli lākou i ka pō, maʻamau no kēia ʻano manu, ka nohona.
ʻAneʻane pale pale ʻole nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, no laila, ʻaneʻane 65-70% o nā ʻōpio i lilo i poʻe o nā ʻano mea ʻaihue. Lohi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā moa, a ʻo ke kiwi makua a makua hoʻi e kokoke i ka makahiki o ʻelima mau makahiki. Hiki i nā ʻelele kāne ʻo Artéryx ke oʻo i ka wahine i ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapa.
Loaʻa i ka wahine ka hiki ke hoʻohua ma hope iki, ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki, akā i kekahi manawa i ʻelima mau makahiki, a ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona o ia manu ke alo o kahi hui o nā ovaries e holo nei. I loko o kona ola, hiki i kahi wahine kiwi ke waiho ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli hua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
A hiki i ka manawa i noho ʻia ka panalāʻau o Nūlani e nā mea ʻaihue e like me nā pōpoki, nā ʻīlio, ka wea a me marten, ermine a me ferret, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka manu "huluhulu" e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka huina helu. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hōkai, nā mea hopu manu manu ʻē, a me nā mea ʻai holoholona paha, ke hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi nei i ka lehulehu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o kona ʻano hūnā, nohona pō, ʻaʻano nui ʻole ka manu e loaʻa i nā wahi kūlohelohe, kūlohelohe. A ʻo kēia hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke kiwi ka mea i lilo i kumu nui no ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pōʻino i ka huina o kēia manu ʻano ʻē, ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ʻia.
Wahi a kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, inā he tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei aia ma mua o ʻumikūmālua miliona kiwi e noho ana i nā wahi nahele ma Nūhōlani, a laila ma 2004 ua emi iho ka nui o kēia manu ma mua o ʻumi mau manawa, a ua hiki aku i kahi o kanahiku tausani.
Wahi a nā nānā a nā loea, ʻo ka nui o ka make o nā lunamakaʻāinana o Artеryх a hiki i kēia manawa he 5-6% o kēlā me kēia kanaka mai ka huina heluna kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka mea nui i hoʻonāukiuki i kēia pilikia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā predators like ʻole e ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka mokupuni.
ʻAʻole i hōʻemi iki ʻia ka hōʻino ʻia o ka nui o nā kiwi ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka wahi o nā wahi nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Mea nui! ʻOiai ke ahonui a me ke kūpaʻa kūpono i nā maʻi he nui, hana paʻakikī ʻo kiwi i nā loli nui i ke kaiapuni.
Ua hana ke aupuni i nā hana kūpono i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano manu ʻaneʻane pau. Ma mua o iwakālua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papahana mokuʻāina e komo pū me nā hana pale, i hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka emi o ka poʻe kiwi.
I nā kūlana o ka noho hou ʻana o ka wahi noho, ua lawe aʻa nā manu i hānai ʻia i ke pio ʻana i nā aʻa kūlohelohe... Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka kaohi o ka nui o nā holoholona predatory, nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kiwi, i komo pū i nā ana o ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano o Artеryх, i hōʻike ʻia e nā kiwi maʻamau, nui hina a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, i helu ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke ʻulaʻula a loaʻa iā lākou ke kūlana palupalu a Vulnerablе paha. ʻO ka ʻano hou o ke kiwi ʻākau no ka manu manu ʻaneʻane a aneane pau ʻole. He manu ʻo ka ʻāpana Rovi i kēia manawa kahi kūlana Kiwi Lahui a i ʻole National Critical kūlana.
