ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka nutria e like loa me kahi meheu ʻē aʻe, ka beaver. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i hāʻawi aku nā meaolaola iā ia i ka lua, ka inoa kūhelu - "swamp beaver". Akā i loko o ka ʻohana nutria, hōʻike ʻo ia i ka genus a me nā ʻano o ka inoa like - "nutria".
Ka wehewehe o ka nutria
Manaʻo kekahi he ʻano like ka ʻiole nutria me kahi ʻiole ʻai, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā ana o ka holoholona makua, e ulu nei a 60 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia mai 8 a 12 kg. Mālama nui nā kāne i ke kaupaona.
ʻOiai ke kumukānāwai kaupaona, ʻauʻau wale ka holoholona, i kōkua ʻia e nā membrane interdigital a me kahi scaly, kokoke i ka huelo ohule, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he hoeuli.
Ua kuhikuhi ka nohona i nā nuances ʻē aʻe o ka anatomy, no ka laʻana, ke kū ʻana o nā mākala obturator i ka ihu, e ālai ana i ke komo ʻana o ka wai i loko.... A mahalo i nā lehelehe hoʻokaʻawale e paʻa paʻa ana ma hope o nā incisors, hiki i ka nutria ke ʻūlū i nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka wai me ka ale ʻole ʻana i ka wai.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā mākala mammary (4-5 pālua) i ke ola i loko o ka wai, a aneane e hoʻi i ka hope o ka wahine: pēlā i mālama ai ke kūlohelohe i nā keiki inu waiū ma nā nalu.
ʻO kahi poʻo poʻo nui me ka waha o ka waha i kau ʻia me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole pūʻiwa nā maka i ka nui, akā kahaha ka lōʻihi o ka "hoʻolaha" ʻana o ka vibrissae. Pōkole nā lālā, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili pono ʻia no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka ʻāina. E like me nā meheu ʻē aʻe, ʻalani nā aniani o ka nutria i ʻalani ʻalani.
ʻO ka hulu, nona ka lauoho kiaʻi paʻakikī a me ka undercoat mānoanoa mānoanoa, maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka wai. I ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka beaver wai (aka koipu) i loko o ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o Molting i Iulai-ʻAukake a me Nowemapa-Malaki. ʻO ka wā hope loa i manaʻo ʻia he maikaʻi loa no ka ʻili.
Auila
I ka nutria, pili loa ia i ka wai o ka wai: luʻu ka holoholona a ʻauʻau maikaʻi, e waiho ana ma lalo o ka wai a 10 mau minuke. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka wela, e noho ana i ka malu a ʻaʻole makemake nui i ke anuanu, ʻoiai ke ʻae nei i nā hau hau 35-kekelē. ʻAʻole hana ʻo Koipu i nā lako o ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole kūkulu i kahi puʻuhonua mehana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i nā kino wai paʻa: make pinepine ʻo ia me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ala i waho o ka hau.
Noho nā beaver Marsh i nā lua lālā, i nā ʻohana o 2 a 13 mau kānaka, i komo pū me kahi kāne koʻikoʻi, kekahi mau wahine a me kā lākou mau keiki. ʻO kā lākou kāne ʻōpio. Hoʻohui, kūkulu nā koʻokoʻo i nā pūnana (mai nā ʻohe a me nā cattails) pono no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki.
ʻO Nutria, i hoʻohuli i ka lawena semi-nomadic, e hana kokoke i ka pō. Me ka nui o nā lako a me nā hale noho, hānai ia i kahi. ʻO kaʻai Nutria:
- cattail a me ka ʻohe (kā lākou mau kumu, aʻa a me nā lau);
- nut wai;
- nā lālā o kekahi mau lāʻau;
- ʻohe;
- loko a me poʻo pua;
- nā līlia wai;
- pūpū, lihi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (kākaʻikahi).
He maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana o Nutria, akā ʻike ka nāwaliwali o ka honi a me ka hihiʻo. Hulu kahi kānalua kānalua e holo ai ke koʻokoʻo. Holo ʻo Nutria i nā lele, akā ua luhi koke.
Wā ola
ʻO Nutria, ma ke ʻano a me ka pio, ʻaʻole e ola lōʻihi, he 6-8 mau makahiki wale nō.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Marsh beaver ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema (mai South Brazil a me Paraguay a i ka Strait of Magellan)... Pili ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nutria i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me nā hana nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūleʻa mau. Ma ʻApelika, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole i paʻa ke aʻa, akā ua noho i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa.
ʻO Nutria (676 mai Argentina a me 1980 mai Kelemania / ʻEnelani) i lawe ʻia i ka Soviet Union ma 1930-1932. Ma Kyrgyzstan, nā wahi o Transcaucasia a me Tajikistan, ua holo maikaʻi ka hoʻolauna. Hiki i ka laulā o ke coipu ke "holoholo" ma muli o ka hoʻoilo nui. No laila, ua hōʻoki loa nā hau hau o 1980 i nā rodent i nā moku ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Scandinavia.
Makemake ʻo Nutria e noho kokoke i nā waihona wai me ka wai stagnant / nawaliwali e kahe ana: ma nā kahakai palahalaha, nā loko i piha i nā cattails a me nā boged alder-sedge, kahi e nui ai nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake ka holoholona i nā ululāʻau nunui a ʻaʻole wikiwiki i ka mauna, no laila ʻaʻole ia e kū ma luna o 1200 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Nutria ʻike ma ka home
Mālama ʻia kēia mau koʻokoʻo nui no nā ʻoihana ʻelua - e kiʻi (me ka uku ʻole ʻia) kaʻiʻo puaʻa a me nā ʻili waiwai me ka hulu pale wai. Mālama mau ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā ʻāpana he 5 - 8, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hale kaʻawale no nā wahine hāpai a lactating.
Nutria cage
Aia kahi o ka cage / aviary mai kahi kumu o ka walaʻau, keu hoʻi i ka halulu ʻoihana, i mea e makaʻu ʻole ai i nā holoholona. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ʻike Aviary ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻoiai ma kēia hihia he wahi hele a me kahi ʻauʻau ka nutria.
ʻO nā rodents e noho ana i nā hīnaʻi e pono e lawe i waho i ke ea hou i ke kauwela. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hoʻonele ʻia ka poʻe noho o nā hunaola (ʻo ka mea hoʻi i hoʻonoho ʻia i nā ʻanuʻu he nui i kahi waihona wai home. Mālama kekahi mau mea hānai i nā holoholona i lalo o ka hale me nā kukui uila (me ka ʻole o nā loko wai), e ʻae ai iā lākou e hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ola.
Mea nui! Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lana mau wale nō o ka nutria lana i nā hulu kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ua aʻo nui nā meaolaola home pehea e loaʻa ai nā ʻili nani me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā waihona.
Pono nā beavers Marsh i ka nui o ka wai inu, keu hoʻi i ke kauwela... ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaohi i ka ʻai ʻana o nā wai i nā wahine hāpai a lactating i mālama ʻia me ka ʻole o nā wai.
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole inu ʻo Nutria i nā hau ʻawaʻawa wale: i kēia manawa kanu ia iā ia iho i ka ʻōpala, ke ʻoluʻolu me ka momona mai nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻo Nutria (ʻokoʻa ka Arctic fox), akā pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o lākou, hoʻolei i ke koena o ka meaʻai, hoʻololi i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā huna o nā ʻōpala.
Meaʻai Nutria
ʻO nā mahiʻai, nona nā mahiʻai ma nā wahi kai me nā mea kanu nui, hiki ke mālama i ka hānai ʻana. I kēia hihia, kokoke loa ka papa kuhikuhi nutria i ka mea maoli.
I kekahi lā, ʻai ʻo 1 i kekahi ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, akā i ka manawa like, hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o kāna papaʻai (i ka puna / kauwela):
- alfalfa a me clover - 200-300 g;
- rai a me ka bale - 130-170 g;
- kaka - 10 g;
- ka ʻai iʻa a me ka paʻakai - ma kahi o 5 g.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi iki nā mea i koi ʻia:
- mauʻu - 250-300 g;
- kāloti a me kaʻuala - 200 g;
- kaka - 20 g;
- ka paʻakai a me ka iʻa iʻa - 10 g.
I ka puna, hāʻawi ʻia nā rodents i nā lālā birch, nā wana ʻōpiopio o nā hua waina, nā lālā ʻoka, ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa a me nā nāhelehele, pale i ka lehu, linden, hornbeam a me nā lālā cherry manu.
Mea nui! Hoʻomaʻu mua ʻia nā mea kanu mānoanoa, a hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka hānai palaoa, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kanu i kāwili ʻia i ka mea i pau. ʻO Algae (20% o ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā) kahi mea kōkua maikaʻi.
Hānai lākou i nā holoholona i ke kakahiaka, hāʻawi i nā hua / huaʻai, a i ke ahiahi, e kia ana i ka mauʻu. I ke kakahiaka, helu ka cereal mix i 40% o ka nui o ka meaʻai. Loaʻa i nā wahine hāpai a me nā lactating 75% o ka koi o kēlā me kēia lā i ke kakahiaka.
Kahua
Ua hana ka poʻe Breeders me ka nutria i ʻelua ala, e ulu ana i kekahi no ka ʻono momona, a ʻo kekahi no ka hulu kala... ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe i hoʻokolohua me ke kala i 7 i hui pū ʻia a me 9 mau ʻano mutational mutaria.
Ma ka huli, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā holoholona kala i mana nui (keʻokeʻo Azerbaijani, ʻeleʻele a me ke gula) a me recessive (keʻokeʻo ʻākau, albino, ʻākala, ʻōpala, uahi, beige a me ka momi).
ʻO Nutria o ke kala maʻamau (mai ka brown brown a i ka ʻulaʻula) maikaʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e koi i kahi mālama kūikawā a me kahi papaʻai kumu e mālama ai i ke kala. Eia hou, momona nui kēia mau koʻokoʻo a hānau mau i nā keiki o ke kala i manaʻo ʻia.
Ma waho, ʻo ia mau holoholona e pili kokoke ana i kā lākou mau holoholona hihiu ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a kākaʻikahi ka nui i ke kaumaha nui. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, pae ia mai 5 a 7 kg, akā loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i 12 kg i kēlā me kēia.
Hoʻohana hānau
Loaʻa ka hānau ma ka nutria home i 4 mau mahina, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka male ʻana i 4 mau mahina ma hope. Mālama maʻalahi kekahi kāne i 15 mau wahine makua.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā inā he hāpai i hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa: me ka lima hoʻokahi e paʻa ka wahine i ka huelo, a me ka lima ʻē aʻe palpate lākou i kona ʻōpū, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa nā pōpō liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka poʻe hāpai hāpai i loko o nā hīnaʻi kaʻawale, pili kūpono i kahi ʻauʻau a me kahi e hele ai.
ʻO ka lawe ʻana he 4-5 mau mahina: i kēia wā, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka aila iʻa i ka meaʻai. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hana pinepine ʻia i ka pō, hōʻole ka wahine i ka hana e ʻai. Lawe ka hānau keiki ʻana i ka hapalua hola, kākaʻikahi loa e kauō ana no kekahi mau hola (a i ka 12).
Nā kūloko (i nā litters mai 1 a 10) ʻike koke a hiki ke hele wāwae. Kau kaupaona nā keiki hānau hou Toothy i 200 g i kēlā me kēia, loaʻa 5 mau manawa i ka nui e 2 mau mahina o ka makahiki. I ka lā 3, ʻai nā pēpē i ka meaʻai a nā mākua a ʻauʻau maikaʻi inā he loko wai.
Inā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole hānai ka wahine i nā keiki a holo kiki e pili ana i ka hopohopo, hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ka manawa liʻiliʻi i ka pā me ke kāne. Mālama ʻia ʻo Nutria me nā keiki i kahi hale mehana a maʻemaʻe hoʻi. Hoʻonui ka ulu ʻana o nā koʻokoʻo i nā makahiki 2, a ʻo ka momona o nā wahine a 4 mau makahiki.
Nā maʻi, kaohi
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o Nutria (e kūʻē i ke kumu o nā holoholona hānai ʻē aʻe) i nā maʻi lele a me nā parasite, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ia i noa i ko lākou helehelena.
Salmonellosis (paratyphoid)
Hana ʻia ka maʻi maʻi ma o nā mea hānai / mea inu, a lawe ʻia ka salmonella e nā ʻelala, ʻiole, ʻiole, manu a me nā kānaka. ʻOi aku ka ʻeha o nā holoholona ʻōpio. I mea e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi, pepehi ʻia ka nutria maʻi nui, a kauoha ʻia ka biomycin, chloramphenicol a me furazolidone no ka poʻe maʻi maʻalahi.
ʻO Prophylaxis kahi lāʻau lapaʻau paʻakikī e hōʻoia i ka pale no 8 mau mahina.
ʻO Pasteurellosis
Pili lākou i ia ma o ka meaʻai a me ka wai. ʻO nā halihali o ka maʻi me kahi helu make kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 90%) he rodents, nā manu a me nā holoholona.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā antibiotic i ka mālama ʻana, e like me bicillin-3, streptomycin a me penicillin. Hoʻouna pū ʻia nā mea maʻi i ka luku. Prophylaxis - passive immunization me antipasterella serum.
Maʻi puʻu
He weliweli ia no kāna hūnā, loaʻa ʻia ka maʻi mai ka nutria maʻi a i ʻole ma o ka waiū o ka bipi i maʻi ʻia.
Nā Hōʻailona:
- aloha ʻole;
- nele i ka makemake ʻole a me ka luhi ʻike ʻia;
- ka pōkole o ka hanu a me ke kahe (inā pili ka hanu);
- hana ole.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ʻo Nutria tuberculosis, hiki i ka hopena make ke 2-3 mau mahina ma hope o ka maʻi... Kāohi - ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka meaʻai kūpono, ka waiū paila.
Hoʻoweliweli pū ʻia ʻo Nutria e colibacillosis (make a hiki i 90%), ringworm, helminths, a me nā rhinitis non-infectious a me nā lāʻau make pinepine.
Kūʻai nutria, kumu kūʻai
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohua i ka nutria, lawe i nā holoholona ʻōpio i ʻoi ʻole ma mua o 2-3 mau mahina. I kēia makahiki, ke kaumaha nei ke koʻokoʻo ma kahi o 1.3-2.3 kg. Ma ke ala, ʻike nā mea hānai ʻike ʻaʻole pono e kūʻai i nā pilikua e kiʻi i kahi holoholona nui: hiki iā ʻoe ke koho maʻalahi i nā nutlets olakino, e hoʻoulu ana iā lākou me ka māʻona a māʻona.
No ka nutria, pono ʻoe e hele i nā mahiʻai, nā kahu hānai pilikino a me nā pā holoholona. E haʻi nui nā kūlana o ka ʻaihue a me ko lākou helehelena. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i nā holoholona i hānai ʻia i nā pā ākea ākea me ke komo ʻana i ka wai a hānai ʻia i ka meaʻai maoli. Mai poina e nānā i loko a nānā i kā lākou palapala.
Hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai no ka nutria ulu ulu maikaʻi ma 1.5 mano rubles. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa no 500. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻoe i kahi kumukūʻai i nā hoʻolaha, no ka mea, makemake nā mea kūʻai aku e kūkākūkā ma o ke kelepona.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka hulu nutria
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana i hana ʻia i ka beaver wai ma mua o nā kapa huluhulu a me nā pāpale i hana ʻia me marten a muskrat paha, a mālama i kā lākou hōʻike maikaʻi no nā kau 4-5 ma ka liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka hulu nutria ma mua o ka hulu lāpaki a makaʻu ʻole i ka hou, kahi i koi nui ʻia i ko mākou ʻano loli, ke hoʻololi maʻalahi ʻia ka hau e ka ua.
Mea nui! Kūʻai pinepine nā Fraudsters i ka nutria i huki ʻia (me ka lauoho kiaʻi i lawe ʻia) ma ke ʻano he beaver a mink paha. ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o kēia huluhulu, no laila pono ʻoe e akahele loa i ke kūʻai ʻana.
Koho pinepine ka poʻe connoisseurs i nā lole i hana ʻia mai nā ʻili o ka hihiu o nā nutria ʻAmelika hihi, ʻoiai kaʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia huluhulu i pena mau ʻia (no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi).
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā ʻili o nā koʻokoʻo kūloko e ko lākou makahiki, olakino, hoʻoilina, nā kūlana hale a me nā meaʻai... Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i ka lole, nā kīnā a me ka nui o ka ʻili, a me nā waiwai o ka hulu e like me ke kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻa, ka ikaika a me ke kala.
ʻAʻole clog ka mea nona ka noʻonoʻo i ka nutria 3 mau mahina: ua liʻiliʻi ka ʻili o lākou a uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lauwili. Ke luku ʻia nā holoholona he 5-7 mau makahiki, ʻohiʻohi ʻia nā ʻili waena, akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana o ka papa mua e aho ke kali a hiki i ka 9-18 mau makahiki o nā holoholona. ʻO nāʻili nui loa me nā hulu maikaʻi loa e lawe ʻia mai iā lākou.
ʻO Nutria me kahi kapa "pala" maikaʻi loa e luku ʻia mai ka hopena o Nowemapa a Malaki i loaʻa i ka hulu ʻoi loa (hinuhinu, mānoanoa a lōʻihi).
Nā loiloi nona
ʻO nā mea a pau e mālama i nā beaver mākō e hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou maʻalahi i kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka omnivorousness.
ʻAi lākou i nā mea āpau e ulu ana ma kahi kokoke, akā makemake nui lākou i ka zucchini, nā ʻāpala, kāpeti, kāloti, sorrel a me nā ʻāpala melemona. ʻO ka mea wale nō e hāʻawi ʻole ʻia i ka nutria he beets ʻono: no kekahi kumu, ʻawaʻawa nā koʻokoʻo iā lākou iho a make pū nō hoʻi.
ʻAi nā holoholona, e like me ka mea e nānā ai, ʻai i ka porridge me ka ʻai i hui pū ʻia me ka leʻaleʻa loa: ua haki lākou i nā ʻāpana me kā lākou mau wāwae, e uhi ana i ko lākou mau maka a ʻū me ka leʻaleʻa ke hoʻouna lākou i ka porridge i kā lākou waha.
Mea nui!ʻAʻohe maʻi nā holoholona, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i ka mea nona ka kuleana e wī iā lākou i ka manawa a mālama i ka hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka nutria (me kāna ʻono momona a pipiʻi hoʻi, a me ka hulu waiwai) e huli aʻe mai kahi leʻaleʻa i ke kumu waiwai a waiwai nui hoʻi no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō, akā no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa hoʻi.
