ʻO ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kahi manu maʻamau i ke komohana o Eurasia, no ka ʻohana Woodpecker a me ke kauoha Woodpecker. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, aia kahi ʻano i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o kahi manu ʻano ʻole me nā plumage ʻōlinolino.
Hōʻike a me nā helehelena
Ma waena ka manu i ka nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ululāʻau poʻo hina... ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 33-36 cm me ka ʻēheu o 40-44 knm a me ke kaupaona o 150-250 gram. ʻO ka plumage ma nā ʻeheu a me ke kino o luna kahi ʻano ʻoliva-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻano. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino o ka manu e ka paler, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka loaʻa o nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me nā kahawai. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo e ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, ʻoiai e ʻeleʻele mau ana ka hope. ʻO ka ʻāʻī kahi i mua he māmā i ke kala.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pāpale aliʻi a me ke kua o ke poʻo ke kū o kahi pāpale haiki o nā hulu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mua o ke poʻo a me ka palena a puni nā maka ʻeleʻele i ke kala a ʻano like me ka "ʻeleʻele mask" ʻokoʻa, kū pono i ke kuapo o ka pāpale ʻulaʻula a me nā papalina ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ka iris. He hina kēpau ka nuku o ka manu, me kahi kumu melemele o ka mandible. Kūkala ʻia ʻo Uppertail, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka ululāʻau ululāʻau Pisus viridis shаrpei ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina o ka Iberian Peninsula a i kekahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano kūʻokoʻa i ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai ka heluna nui o ka lehulehu.
ʻO ke poʻo o kahi manu e like me ka aneane pau ʻole o nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me ke alo o kahi "mask" o nā kala hina ʻeleʻele a puni nā maka. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka wao ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka vаillantii ʻano, i maʻa mau ma ka ʻākau komohana komohana ʻo Morocco a me ke komohana ʻākau o Tunisia. ʻOi aku ka ʻike o kēia palapala ma ke ʻano he lāʻau ʻōpō ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka noho nui o ka lāhui ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo e pani ʻia e:
- ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Eurasia;
- ke kapakai Kaiwaenahonua o Tureke;
- nā ʻāina e pili ana iā Caucasus;
- ka panalāʻau o Northern Iran;
- ka ʻaoʻao hema o Turekemikia;
- ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kapakai o ke awāwa ʻo Pinilana;
- ka nuku muliwai o ke Kama;
- Lake Ladoga;
- Ke Awāwa ʻo Volga;
- Woodland;
- nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka Dniester a me Danube;
- ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻIlani;
- kekahi mau mokupuni ma ke Kaiwaenahonua;
- nā wahi nahele huikau a puni Naro-Fominsk, ma Chekhovsky a me Serpukhovsky, a me Stupinsky a me Kashirsky ʻāpana.
ʻIke ʻia ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ululāʻau deciduous, nā māla a me nā pāka.... Kākaʻikahi loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi manu i loko o nā wahi nahele huikau a i ʻole coniferous. Makemake nā manu ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia wahi ākea ākea, no laila noho pinepine lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā wao nahele, ma nā kahawai i kokoke i nā ulu lāʻau ʻoka a i ʻole alder.
ʻO ka pinepine, hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka ma ka lihi o ka ululāʻau a ma ke kope, a me kahi mea e pono ai no ka pūnana ʻana o ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano o ka nui o nā anthills lepo nui. He naonao ia i manaʻo ʻia he meaʻai punahele loa na kēia ʻano manu.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu o kēia ʻano i waenakonu o ka puna, ke hoʻomaka ka wā o nā lele moena ʻeleu, hele pū me nā leo nui a pinepine hoʻi, no ka lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka nohona ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoiai ka ʻōlinolino a me ka ʻōmole kumu, makemake ʻo ia e hūnā loa, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i ka wā o ka pūnana nui. ʻAno nui kēia ʻano ʻohana woodpecker ma ke ʻano noho, akā hiki ke ʻauana ma kahi mamao aku i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻOiai i loko o kahi kau hoʻoilo paʻakikī a pōloli hoʻi, makemake nā mea wao ʻōmaʻomaʻo e neʻe ʻaʻole ma mua o ʻelima mau kilomita mai kahi o ka pō.
ʻAno manu
ʻO ke ʻano kīkēkē ʻano o ka hapanui o nā mea ʻāhiu ʻo ia nō ke ala e kamaʻilio ai nā manu.... Akā ʻokoʻa ka poʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai kā lākou congeners e ka hiki ke hele maikaʻi loa ma ka honua, a aneane ʻole loa e "pahu" a kākaʻikahi loa e hoʻopili i nā kumu lāʻau me ko lākou nuku. ʻO ka lele o kahi manu e like me ka hohonu a me ka nalu e like me nā pale o kona mau ʻeheu e kū pono ana i ka lele.
Hoihoi ia! ʻEhā mau wāwae wāwae ʻehā a me nā māiʻuwi i wili ʻia, nā mea lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ke kōkua o ia mau mea e hoʻopaʻa paʻa lākou i ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau, a lilo ka hiʻu i mea kākoʻo no ka manu.
Lohe ʻia ka uē o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā manu ke ʻuā, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kāne, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka repertoire ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka uē o ka ululāʻau lauoho hina. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea, hele pū kekahi uē o kēia ʻano me kekahi ʻano o "ʻakaʻaka" a i ʻole "shriek", e mālama mau i ka leo like.
Wā ola
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā ʻano ululāʻau āpau, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, aia ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau makahiki, akā ʻo nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ko lākou wahi maoli i kākaʻikahi loa e hele i ka laina ʻehiku makahiki.
Nā kūlana ʻano a me ka nui
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ka Red Book ma nā wahi e pili ana i nā moku ʻo Ryazan a me Yaroslavl, a ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Red Book a Moscow. Pale ʻia nā wahi noho a pau o ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻikepili e pili ana i ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana o kēia laha i ka paʻa pio ʻana, no laila, i mea e mālama ai i ka heluna o ka heluna kanaka e emi ana, ke hana ʻia nei nā ana, i hōʻike ʻia e ka papa inoa a me ka pale ʻana o nā anthill nui loa, a me nā wahi noho āpau e pono ai ka ʻāhiu i nā wahi pūnana.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, ua kūpaʻa ka heluna kanaka o ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kokoke i Moscow ma nā helu palena iki, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna helu ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau pālua.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo
ʻO nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka mahele o nā manu manu ʻokoʻa loa.... ʻO nā mea leʻaleʻa punahele loa a kēia mau manu he naonao, ʻai wale ʻia i ka nui. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā anthill nunui, lele nā ululāʻau ma waena o nā kumulāʻau. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka anthill, lele nā manu i ona lā, a laila ʻeli i kahi lua 8-10 knm hohonu a hoʻomaka e kali no ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea kolo. Puka mai nā ʻeneki āpau i waho o ka lua i hana ʻia, palu wale me ke alelo lōʻihi a paʻa o ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoihoi ia! I ka hoʻoilo, ke hele a hohonu ka hohonu i loko o ka honua e kāpae i ke anuanu, a uhi ʻia ka ʻili āpau o ka honua me kahi papa mānoanoa o ka hau, hiki i ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻeli wale i ka hohonu, akā me nā lua lōʻihi loa.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lohi o ke kau a i ʻole ke anuanu hoʻoilo, hiki i nā manu ke hoʻololi iki i kā lākou papaʻai maʻamau. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ke ʻimi nei nā manu no ka lurking a i ʻole nā mea kolo e hiamoe ana ma nā wahi mehameha o ka nahele. ʻAʻole hoʻi e kāpae ka wahie i nā meaʻai mea kanu, e hoʻohana ana i nā hua o ka berry yew a me ka lehu ahi mauna e like me ka papaʻai hou aʻe. I nā makahiki pōloli keu, hānai ka manu i nā hua i hina o mulberry a me nā hua waina, ʻai i nā cherry a me nā cherry, nā ʻāpala a me nā pears, a hiki pū nō hoʻi i nā hua a i ʻole nā hua i koe ma nā lālā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka wā o ka hana kope ʻoi loa o ka woodpecker ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hāʻule i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka pīhoihoi o ka male ʻana i nā manu o kēia ʻano i ka mua a i ʻole ka waena o Pepeluali, a hiki i ka waena o ka mahina puna i hala. Ma kahi o nā lā he ʻumi ma mua o ʻApelila, nānā ke ola o nā kāne a me nā wahine, no laila lele pinepine lākou mai kekahi lālā a i kekahi lālā, me ka leo nui a ʻoliʻoli pinepine. I kekahi manawa i loko o kēia wā hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kahi kuʻikuʻi "pahu" he kakaikahi loa.
Ma hope o ka hui ʻana, ʻo ke kāne a me ka wahine, me ka hoʻololi i ke kani a me nā hōʻailona leo, alualu mua kekahi i kekahi no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, a laila noho i lalo me kekahi, hoʻoluliluli ke poʻo a hoʻopā i ko lākou nuku. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia nā pālua mai nā makahiki he 10 i hala o Malaki a i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka pālua, hana ka kāne i ka hānai ʻana i ka wahine, a laila ke kaʻina hana kope.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pūnana, ma ke ʻano he lula, lawe ʻia i loko o ka lua kahiko, i koe ma hope o nā ʻano ulu ʻē aʻe.... E like me ka ʻike o ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau manu e hōʻike nei, kūkulu ʻia kahi pūnana hou e kekahi pālua ma kahi mamao ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapalua kilomita mai ka pūnana o ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hana pilikino ʻana i kahi hollow hou ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā ʻano lāʻau deciduous me nā lāʻau palupalu e lawa pono:
- popela;
- ʻumiʻumi;
- aspen;
- birch;
- willow
Hoʻololi ka hohonu o ka punana i hoʻopau ʻia ma waena o 30-50 cm, me ke anawaena o 15-18 knm. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o ka notch āpau a i ʻole vertically oblong. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka lua i ka lepo o ka wahie. Kūlike ka manawa kau ma muli o ka helu wahi o ka pūnaewele pūnana. I nā wahi he nui o ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻomoe pinepine ʻia nā hua manu e ka wahine ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i ka hopena o ka puna.
Hoihoi ia! Loaʻa i kahi paʻa piha mai ʻelima a ʻewalu mau huina oblong, uhi ʻia me kahi pūpū keʻokeʻo a aniani. ʻO nā nui hua manu maʻamau he 27-35x20-25 mm.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana brooding he mau pule ʻelua a ʻoi iki paha. ʻO ke kāne a me ka wahine e hoʻouluulu ʻana i hua manu, ma kahi ʻē. I ka pō, aia ka kāne ma ka punana. Inā nalowale ka paʻa paʻa, hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻololi i kahi o ka pūnana a hoʻomoe hou i nā hua.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā moa e ka synchronicity. Hōʻaleʻa nā keikikāne, me ka uhi ʻole o ka downy. Lawe pū nā mākua ʻelua i ka mālama a me ka hānai ʻana i kā lāua mau keiki, nāna i hoʻāla hou i ka mea i lawe mai a ʻokiʻoki i ka meaʻai i loko o ko lākou nuku. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o Chicks mai ka pūnana ʻehā mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I ka mua, lele pōkole nā keiki makua Ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina, mālama pū nā manu ʻōpio āpau me ko lākou mau mākua, akā laila ua wāwahi ʻia nā ʻohana o nā ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a lele aku nā manu ʻōpio.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻāhiu ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā hulu hulu a terrestrial, nā mea hiki ke ʻimi holoholona i nā mākua, a hoʻopōʻino pinepine hoʻi i nā pūnana manu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka e ka hoʻokūkū me ka ululāʻau poʻo ākea ākea a me ka hana a ke kanaka, kahi e hoʻomaloʻo ai i nā wahi ākea o nā kū laulā. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e make ana ka ululāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo o ka mana o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa anthropogenic, e like me ka nui o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hale kauwela a me ka hoʻolālā ʻāina.
