Huna ka inoa maʻamau "skinks" ma luna o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tausani ʻano e pili ana i hoʻokahi, ka nui o ka ʻohana o nā moʻo. ʻO kēia ke kumu i ʻokoʻa ai ʻo Scincidae i ka nohona, ka helehelena, nā ʻano ʻai a me ke ala a lākou e hoʻohua ai.
Ka wehewehe ʻana i nā skinks
Hoʻomaka nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā skink me ka waho: pena pena ʻia kekahi, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia e kekahi.... ʻO nā moʻo 6 kenetimita liʻiliʻi (e laʻa me ka skink mamao loa) he mau ʻohana nunui, e like me ka skink, a ʻoi aku ka 70 cm.
Kāhea nā biologists i ke ʻano e hui pū i nā skink āpau - nā unahi ʻoluʻolu (ʻaneʻane he iʻa) e waiho ana i nā pā iwi: i kekahi mau ʻano wale nō i kiko ʻia me nā kākalaioa a me nā tubercles. ʻO nā unahi dorsal a me nā ʻōpū i aneane like i ka hanana.
Uhi ʻia ke poʻo i nā scimet simetretrical; ʻike ʻia ka iwi poʻo e nā pio kūloko i ʻike ʻia. Pākuʻi ʻia nā niho Skink a pelu iki. Nā mea kolo e ʻai i nā molluscs a me nā mea kanu i pālahalaha a hoʻonui i nā niho.
Hoihoi ia! Nānā nā Skinks i ka honua me nā maka me nā lihilihi hoʻoneʻe a me nā haumāna āpau. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike ma o nā maka paʻa, i kōkua ʻia e ka "aniani" aniani o ka eyelid lalo. I nā maka-golog, e like me nā nahesa, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōmaka.
Pili ka ʻohana Scincidae i nā wāwae ʻelua a me nā ʻehā ʻehā, e like me:
- serpentine wāwae ʻole;
- me nā lālā i hoʻopōkole ʻia a me nā manamana wāwae underdeveloped;
- me nā lālā i hoʻopōkole ʻia a me ka helu maʻamau o nā manamana lima;
- me nā manamana lima a me nā lālā i hoʻomohala pono ʻia.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā skinks he huelo lōʻihi, akā pōkole hoʻi ia, hoʻohana ʻia no nā mālama momona (skink tail-tail) a i ʻole grabbing (skink-tailed skink). Ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā skinks a pau, hemo ka huelo i kahi weliweli. ʻOiai ke kiaʻi ka mea alualu i kāna mau ʻelike, holo ka moʻo.
Nā ʻano skinks
Māhele ʻia nā skink i nā ʻohana ʻehā, ma kahi o 130 genera a ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 tausani mau ʻano. Hiki i nā ʻohana ʻohana ke helu wale ʻia (ma loko o ke kuhi o ka ʻatikala):
- ʻo nā skinks ligosomal ka subfamily i koho nui ʻia, e like me 96 genera;
- skinks makapō - nona wale nō ke ʻano o nā skink makapō legless;
- skinks acontium;
- skink.
Inā mālama ʻia nā mea kolo āpau, ʻaʻole paha lākou e ʻike i nā ʻohana pili i kekahi. E like me ka cone spruce (no ka unahi o ka unahi), kahaha ka pōkole Australia i ka pilina me nā gologlaz wahaheʻe ʻo Alai, e kolo ana ma nā mauna o Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan a me Tajikistan.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā moʻo arboreal (me nā pā ma loko o ko lākou mau wāwae, e maʻalahi ai e piʻi i nā kumu a me nā lau) i loko o ka ʻohana aloha o nā skink burrowing legless e noho nei i ʻApelika.
Eia nō naʻe, kēia mau mea nunui a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, variegated a monochromatic, makapō a nunui-maka, carnivorous a me nā mea kolo e like me Scincidae.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano laha like ʻole, ua kau nā skinks ma ka hone holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica.... ʻO ka hapanui e loaʻa pinepine ʻia i ka mahele tropical, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau ma nā wahi mamao aku (ʻākau / hema) mai ka equator.
Hōʻike ākea ʻia nā Skinks ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAukekulelia a me ʻApelika, nā mokupuni ʻo ka Pākīpika a ma nā ʻāina ʻo Hikina Hema Asia. Kūleʻa kēia mau mea kolo (kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha) i nā latitude wela a me nā tropic, e like me nā kuahiwi, steppes, nā ululāʻau a me nā wao akua.
Auila
ʻO ke ola ʻana o nā skinks (no muli o kā lākou ʻike ʻole i ka like ʻole) ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Alakaʻi ka hapa nui o lākou i kahi nohona ʻāina, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ka lepo, e piʻi ana i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole ke hoʻolilo ʻana i ko lākou manawa manawaleʻa i loko o ka wai, e like me ka hana ʻana o ka skink crocodile.
Aia kekahi mau mea i mākaukau i ke kaila manuahi o ka "ʻauʻau" ʻana i nā puʻu wao nahele. ʻO kēia ka skink pharmacy i kapa ʻia, a i ʻole "iʻa one".
Wā ola
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻikepili ma ka lōʻihi o ka manawa o ka skinks o ka honua. ʻIke loa ia i ka paʻa pio ʻana o nā lāhui kaulana loa (polū-polū a me nā kaulahao kaulahao) e ola ana i 20-22 mau makahiki.
Ma muli o ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole hōʻoia nā skink i ka pale ʻana mai nā ʻenemi / nā maʻi a me ke kū ʻana o nā mea maikaʻi, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e make nā mea kolo hihiu i ka wā ma mua.
ʻAi, ʻai o nā skinks
ʻAi kekahi ʻano (aia kekahi o lākou) hānai i nā mea kanu... ʻO kēia mau mea, ma ka laʻana, nā kaulahao huelo kaulahao a me nā huelo pōkole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā predators i loko o kēia ʻohana motley, nona nā pio i invertebrates (me nā ʻelala), a me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, me nā moʻo pili ʻole.
ʻO kekahi ʻano (ʻo kahi laʻana, ka skink ʻalani-polū) i manaʻo ʻia he omnivores. I kā lākou papaʻai ʻike ʻia:
- nā mea kanu (nā lau, nā hua a me nā pua);
- nahenahe;
- ʻūlū a me nā nananana;
- nā ʻalekikeke a me nā kauā;
- hua manu;
- ʻulā;
- ʻōpala meaʻai a me ka make.
ʻAi pū nā skinks omnivorous mākua i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, e like me nā moʻo a me nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi.
Skinks hoʻohua
Aia ma waena o nā skink he viviparous, ovoviviparous a me oviparous species.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā moʻo e hoʻomoe i nā hua manu a ... me ka nui ʻole o ka naʻau noʻonoʻo e poina iā lākou. Akā aia kekahi mau mākua laʻana, e like me ka skink mauna o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: hoʻopili lākou i nā hua a pale iā lākou me ka hoʻololi ʻole i ko lākou kūlana no 2-3 mau pule.
Hoihoi ia! Noho kekahi ʻano ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, nona nā ʻelele e huli a lick i nā hua, e kōkua ana i nā keiki hānau hou e puka i waho o ka pūpū, a hānai iā lākou.
ʻO Viviparous (e like me nā skinks he nui Australia) ka moʻo nunui kūlohelohe e noho ana ma Australia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia.
ʻO Ovoviviparity kahi ʻano o nā skink i kapa ʻia ʻo Mabui, ka mea i noho ma ʻAsia, ʻApelika, Central a me ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, ʻimi ʻia nā skinks e:
- ʻīlio / pōpoki (home a nalowale);
- ʻīlio dingo ʻāhiu;
- nahesa nui;
- moʻo nānā hina hina;
- manu manu lele (e laʻa me ke kookabara ʻakaʻaka a me ka falcon ʻeleʻele).
Hana ʻokoʻa nā mea kolo i ka wā weliweli... ʻO kekahi, e like me ka skink polū-ʻūlū, hele i loko o kā lākou kūlana pale pale maʻamau, e hoʻowahāwahā ana a me ka pehu ʻana. I ka manawa like, hāmama ka moʻo i kona waha, e makaʻu ana i ka ʻenemi me kahi alelo polū, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka lua waha ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi noho wao nahele, kahi skink pharmacy, e hele hohonu i loko o ke one e kū aʻe ma kahi mamao aku mai ka ʻenemi.
Ma waena o nā skinks, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe maʻalahi i ka catalepsy: makaʻu, paʻa lākou e like me ka poʻe make.
Ke mālama nei i kahi skink ma ka home
Hana nā skinks like ʻole me he mau holoholona lā: ʻōlani ʻōniʻoniʻo, ʻōpelu ʻokala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Makemake pū nā terrariumist i ka skink huelo kaulahao kupaianaha i hiki ke kau i luna i lalo.
ʻO ka skink tailed flail, ma muli o kona ʻano wikiwiki a me ka hoʻolohe, ua manaʻo ʻia he holoholona kope kūloko.
Terrarium
No ka mea i ka nāhelehele e noho ana ka skink tailed chain i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻoe i kahi terrarium kū kiʻekiʻe (120 * 60 * 120 cm) me kahi uhi hei.
Ke hoʻonohonoho nei i kahi terrarium, e hoʻohana:
- nā lau nahele a pau (e ʻai a hehi paha ka skink ola);
- nā ipuhao / pahu e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he hale hoʻomaha;
- ikaika nā lālā mānoanoa, paʻa paʻa.
- ua paʻa pono nā pōhaku nui;
- ipu hohonu no ka wai;
- ʻalalā;
- kukui kukui (60 watts);
- Nā kukui UV (UVA / UVB).
ʻO nā hola i ke ao no ka skink he 12 mau hola. Mālama ʻia ka mahana o ke ao ma ka laulā o + 25.5 + 29.4 kekelē Celsius (i ka wahi hoʻomehana + 32.2 + 35). Pono nā heluhelu ʻana i ka pō i + 20.5 + 23'С. Hoʻopīpī ʻia ka wai ma luna o nā mea kanu / substrate i kēlā me kēia lā.
Mālama, hoʻomaʻemaʻe
ʻO kahi waiʻauʻau i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ka terrarium, e helu i ka kahe ʻana o ka skink me ka manuahi. Hoʻololi i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻonui i ka wai i makemake ʻia o 50-65% i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i 80%.
Kūpono no ka substrate ke kāwili nei i ka pepa a i ʻole ka nūhou, nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no nā mea kolo a me nā lau i hāʻule... Wehe i nā faz iā ia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule a hoʻololi loa i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hapahā.
Hanai ana
ʻAi nā skinks kaulahao i ka ahiahi a i ka pō. ʻO kēia nā mea kolo lau nahele, ʻai i nā hua, nā lau a me nā mea kanu i ka nāhelehele.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, 75-80% o ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā e pono e lilo i mau lau ʻeleʻele me nā pulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo:
- piko o nā kāloti a me nā turnip;
- ʻumiʻumi ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo dandelion;
- greens collard;
- ficus benjamin;
- zucchini, broccoli;
- ʻulaʻula Swiss chard;
- lau potus.
Ke hānai nei i ka hope, loaʻa i ka excrement o ka moʻo kahi hue ʻulaʻula-poni.
ʻO ka hapalima o ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā lā āpau e noho ʻia e nā mea kanu e like me:
- kāpī, keleka a me nā ʻōmato;
- nā lālā laiki a me nā pīni;
- ʻuala a me ka milo;
- maiʻa, kiwi a me nā ʻalani;
- peach, papaya and mango;
- strawberries a me nā blueberry;
- nā pears, nā'āpala a me nā fiku;
- hibiscus a me nā pua cherry;
- chicory, hua waina a me nā roses.
Holoi maikaʻi ʻia nā huaʻai āpau ma mua o ka lawelawe ʻana, ihi ʻia, ka hemo ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano / nā ʻanoʻano, a ʻokiʻoki pono ʻia.
Mea nui! ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka puree hua pēpē ma kahi o nā hua hou. Hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina, hāʻawi ʻia ka skink i nā hua manu i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia nā wikamina a me ka calcium i ka pauka i ka meaʻai mau.
Kūʻai
Lawe ʻia nā skinks mai nā hale kūʻai holoholona hānai hilinaʻi ʻia a i ʻole ka lima paʻa (maʻa mau ma ke koho ʻana). Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kumukūʻai e nā ʻano (biological) o ke kanaka, ka nui a me ka makahiki. ʻO kekahi o nā skinks pipiʻi loa ka blue-tongued kekahi: ʻo ke kumukūʻai no ka mea hoʻomaka mai 6-7 tausani rubles a kokoke i 12 tausani.
Ma kahi o ke kumukūʻai like e hāʻule ai ka skink taile kaulahao (ʻaʻole wale no ka nui o ka nui, akā ʻo ia kekahi ʻano mea ʻaneʻane a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka CITES Convention).
Hāʻawi ʻia nā skinks liʻiliʻi i ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ma ka ʻāina ʻo 2-5 tausani rubles... No laila, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ka skink ahi no 3.5-3.7 tausani rubles.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e loaʻa i kahi skink, e hoʻopaʻa i nā puke ma kekahi ʻano kikoʻī i mea e hānai ʻole ai i ka mea hōkai me ka mauʻu, a me ka moʻo me nā mea kolo.
