ʻO kahi holoholona holoholona ʻaihue, ʻo ka ermine, ua lilo i ʻano hōʻailona o ka mana o ka mōʻī: ʻaʻole kū hoʻokahi kahi kaʻina moʻomeheu o nā mōʻī ʻEulopa me ka ʻole o ka ʻahu i uhi ʻia me ka hulu keʻokeʻo hau me nā huelo ʻeleʻele e kau ana.
Ka wehewehe o ermine
He like loa ia me ka weasel (kahi pili pili o ka ʻohana weasel), akā ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui, e ulu ana a 32 cm a kaupaona 200-250 g. ʻO ka ermine wahine he ʻaneʻane hapalua o ka nui.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe biologists i nā mea hana 26, ʻokoʻa ka nui, a me ke kala o ka hulu kauwela a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoilo.
Helehelena
Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ke kino elongated hypertrophied o ka ermine i loko o kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi, ikaika a hoʻopau me kahi poʻo maʻemaʻe me nā pepeiao ākea ākea a me kahi waha.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka huelo ma mua o ka weasel (ma kahi o 1/3 o ka lōʻihi o ke kino), akā like ka lahilahi a hoʻopau pū ʻia me kahi palaki ʻeleʻele pōkole, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau.
Pōkole nā pā me kahi membrane ʻauʻau maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO ka lalo o nā wāwae he pubescent nui ia e hūnā loa ʻia nā kāhea hiki ʻole ke hūnā ma lalo o ka hulu hoʻoilo.
Loaʻa i nā holoholona i ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e ka hoʻoilo. E ke anuanu, hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka lole, a lilo i paʻa, paʻa a silky ʻoluʻolu. ʻIke ʻia ke kala hoʻoilo i nā wahi kahi e mau ai ka uhi o ka hau ma kahi o 40 mau lā i ka makahiki.
I ke kauwela, lilo nā ermine i mau ʻōpala me kahi ʻōpū ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a me kua ʻulaʻula.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO ka ermine kahi mehameha paʻakikī, e noho nei i kahi nohona pākahi o 10-20 hectares, e kaha ana i nā palena me ka huna anal. Hōʻaleʻa nā hoʻolālā o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā hui pū nā hoa ma ka wā o ka rut.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke ala paʻa o ke ola e ka maʻalahi o ka predator - wiwo ʻole ʻo ia, hoʻoholo, ʻeleu, ikaika ʻole i ka nui, ʻeleu loa a me ka lawe lima, ʻimi koko a me ka hakakā.
Holo wikiwiki ka ermine, piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, ʻauʻau a luʻu maikaʻi, a hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma lalo o ka hau, pōhaku a me nā puʻu lāʻau. ʻO ka lele wale nō ka mea hiki ʻole iā ia ke hana.
Ala ka mea ʻaihue i ka pō, emi pinepine i ke ao. ʻAʻole ʻeli ʻo Burrow, noho i ka hale o nā koʻokoʻo i pepehi ʻia e ia a i ʻole ka lua (i ka hope hūnā ia mai ka wai kahe). I nā hau, hoʻohana ia i nā hale noho kaulike (ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā lāʻau, i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, nāʻu mauʻu a me nā wahi neoneo).
I nā makahiki pōloli neʻe i kahi mamao... I ke kauwela hopu holoholona uhi ia i 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā, i ka hoʻoilo - ma kahi o ʻekolu. Lele pinepine i ka hau, e hoʻokuke nei me kona mau wāwae hope a lele a i ka hapalua mika.
Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi leo - chirps, chirps, hisses or barks. Hiki i kahi ermine kipaku ʻia i kahi hopena make ke hoʻouka i kahi kanaka.
Wā ola
Hoʻololi nui kēia mea hōʻike: e hoʻomaka ana mai ka māka o 1-2 mau makahiki a kokoke i 7 mau makahiki, me ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu maikaʻi.
Me ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai, hoʻonui ka helu a me ka momona o nā predators, akā me ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o nā rodents, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua emi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua hoʻopiha kēia mau holoholona nimble i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa Eurasia, a hiki i kona ʻāpana Asia i nā wao akua o Central Asia, Afghanistan, Mongolia, Iran, Kina ʻĀkau Hikina a me nā ʻākau o Iāpana.
Noho pū lākou ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā mokupuni o ka Archipelago ʻAmelika ʻo Kanada, ma Kanada, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (koe wale nō ka Great Plains) a me Greenland.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻokomo kūleʻa ʻole ʻia ka ermine i Nūhōlani, me ka manaʻo e hoʻomalu ʻia ka heluna lāpaki. Hoʻonui koke ka mea ʻaihue a ma kahi o ka pōmaikaʻi i hoʻomaka ai e hana ʻino, e hōʻino ana i ka paʻa ʻana o nā manu kūloko (kiwi) a me ka luku ʻana i nā moa.
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka CIS ma mua, ʻaʻole i loaʻa wale ia ma nā wao nahele wela o ʻAkia Waena a ma nā mokupuni ʻino o Arctic.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka nohona ma muli o ka helu o nā rodents liʻiliʻi, ka meaʻai nui no nā ermines. Noho pinepine ma kahi o ka wai - i nā nāhelehele o nā ʻohe a me nā nāhelehele, ma nā kapa o nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā kahawai, ma nā wahi kai.
ʻAʻohe paʻakikī e komo i ka hohonu o ka nahele, makemake i nā kihi a i ʻole nā wahi mālamalama / nā wahi i pau i ke ahi, a makemake ʻole i nā wahi ākea. I ka nahele pinepine pili ia i ka alder tributary a spruce nā ululāʻau, noho maʻalahi i nā awāwa / awawa a me nā copses.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka kaiāulu me kahi kanaka, e noho ana ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale, i nā pā ulu lāʻau, nā māla a me nā māla.
Pāʻai papa
ʻO ke kīʻaha nui ma ka papa kuhikuhi nā meheu e like me ka ʻiole (ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā weael e hopu i nā voles). He paʻakikī no ka ermine e komo i ka lua o kahi rodent no ka mea paʻa (i ka hoʻohālikelike me ka weasel) kūkulu. Ma ke ala, ʻo kēia ke kumu o ka maikaʻi o ka hopu holoholona no nā wahine ermine liʻiliʻi.
Alualu pinepine nā kāne i nā rodents ʻoi aku ka nui e like me ka hamsters, nā voles wai, nā haystacks, nā chipmunks a me nā lemmings, e kiʻi ana iā lākou ma lalo o ka hau a me nā lua.
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka hopu holoholona ermine nā:
- nā manu (e like me ptarmigan, lāʻau ʻauʻau, hazel grouse) a me kā lākou mau hua;
- ʻōʻā;
- iʻa a me amphibians;
- nā moʻo a me nā moʻo;
- nā mea kolo;
- lāpaki / hares.
Pepehi ia i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, e like me ka wea, e nahu ana i ka hope o ke poʻo. Hoʻopili ia i nā rodents e ka honi, nā iʻa e ka ʻike, nā kolo ma ke kani.
I nā makahiki wī, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻowahāwahā i nā ʻōpala a ʻaihue i nā iʻa a me nā iʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻoilo mai ka poʻe. Hoʻonui ke ao i ka rodents i ka manaʻo o ka mea ʻakaʻaka: hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pepehi iā lākou i kahi mālama, i nā puke i hiki ʻole ke ʻeli.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ua haʻi ʻo ʻIvan Sergeevich Sokolov-Mikitov e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻenemi maʻamau ʻole o ka ermine i kāna pepa moʻolelo pōkole.
Kāhea ka mea kākau i nā ermines impudent, e kamaʻilio ana e pili ana i ka ʻauʻau ʻana o lākou i ka moana ākea o Taimyr i mua o kona mau maka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua pau pinepine ko lākou koa wiwo ʻole - ua ale ʻia nā ʻauʻauʻau e nā lī nui, e like me ka salmon i waho. Wahi a ka mea kākau, ua ʻike ʻia kēia i ka wehe ʻia o nā loach, i loko o nā ʻōpū e ale mau ʻia ai nā ermine.
Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻo Sokolov-Mikitov i ka holoi ʻana o nā ermines i nā ʻīlio sled.... ʻO nā mea makemake ʻole kūlohelohe o nā stoats:
- ʻalopeke (ʻulaʻula a hina);
- sable;
- Pahi kaua ʻAmelika;
- martens, me nā pecan;
- manu ʻaihue;
- pōpoki home.
Mai ka poʻe makaʻu i ke kiʻekiʻe, pakele ka ermine i loko o nā kumulāʻau, noho i waho a hiki i ka mea e alualu ai.
ʻIke ʻia he nui nā ermine e make mai Skrjabingylus nasicola (nematode parasite), i komo i loko o nā sinus mua o ka holoholona. Kapa ʻia nā mea lawe nematode i nā ʻalalā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka ermine kahi polygamist maʻamau e hoʻomaka i nā pāʻani moʻo ʻana hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki a hoʻomau i ka hana no 4 mau mahina (mai Pepeluali a Iune). Hana ʻia ka moekolohe kāne e 11-14 mau mahina, i nā wahine - i 2-3 mau mahina.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā wahine ʻōpio (60-70 mau lā) kūpono kūpono no ka hānau hānau: uhi paʻa ʻia lākou e nā hoa mākua, a ma hope iho o ka hāpai ʻana o kahi hāpai piha. Wahi a nā biologists, hāʻawi kēlā ʻano hānau mua i ke ola o kēia ʻano.
Kuhi ʻia ka bearing e kahi pae latent lōʻihi (8-9), kahi e ulu ʻole ai nā embryos a hiki i Malaki. Hoʻopili ka makuahine makuahine i ka lua brood me ka hulu hipa / ʻili o nā rodents i pepehi ʻia, i kekahi manawa diluting i ka loko me ka mauʻu maloʻo.
Hānau ʻia nā pēpē (mai 3 a 18 mau ʻāpana), ma ke ʻano he rula, i ʻApelila-Mei o ka makahiki aʻe... Loaʻa i kahi ʻōpala awelika he 4-9 cubs, kahi e hoʻopili wale ʻia e ka wahine i ka hana.
ʻO nā ʻīlio hānau hou me nā canal auditory pani paʻa e kau liʻiliʻi (3-4 g) a hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe e kū pono ana - mai 3.2 a 5.1 cm. Uhi ʻia lākou me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo loa, makapō a me nā niho ʻole. Wehe ʻia nā maka ma mua o ka lā 30th (i kekahi manawa ma ka lā 41), a i ko lākou 2-3 mau mahina hopu lākou i ka nui o ko lākou mau mākua, ke hele nei i kahi ʻimi kūʻokoʻa no ka meaʻai i ka hopena o Iune / i Iulai.
Ke mālama nei i kahi ermine ma ka home
ʻO ka mea mua e maopopo ai: mamao loa ka ermine mai kahi ferret, a e lilo wale ia i hoʻokahi hihia - inā lawe ʻia mai ka makuahine i ka wā kamaliʻi a hānai ʻia mai kahi ʻōmole me kona lima ponoʻī (e ka mea nona). ʻO kēlā holoholona wale nō e hōʻike i kona aloha ma ka hele wāwae ʻana me ka mea nāna e hoʻopakele a noho ma kona mau lima a i loko o kāna ʻeke.
ʻO nā pēpē i kiʻi ʻia i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole loa e laʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi ermine liʻiliʻi i kou mau lima, akā e ʻike mau kahi mea kahiko i kahi ala e wili ai (maikaʻi inā ʻaʻole nahu a ʻānai).
E hoʻokumu ka pipi i kāna mau lula ponoʻī, ʻokoʻa ka hamster, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mele kanaka. ʻO ka ermine kahi sociopath a makemake e hele i ka pō, no laila e mākaukau e hiamoe ʻole me ia.
Mālama ʻia ka mea ʻaihue i loko o ka pā, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana no 2-3 mau hola, ma lalo o ka kiaʻi makaʻala ʻana. Heʻuʻuku ia a nimble hiki iā ia ke heʻe ma nā puka hāmama a kau paha. E holo aku ʻo ia iā ʻoe inā poina iā ʻoe ke pani i nā puka aniani, ka pāpale a i ʻole ka puka o mua.
Koho cell, hoʻopiha
Ke hoʻoholo nei i ka hale no kahi ermine, pono pono e nānā i nā koi kumu ʻelua: pono ke ākea ka hīnaʻi a ma ka manawa like me ka uea me nā liʻiliʻi (hoʻolālā ʻia no nāʻiole).
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, i nā keena i hoʻopau ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻohui iki ʻia kēia mau palena ʻelua. Nui nā hīnaʻi no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā ʻiole, akā liʻiliʻi lākou a pau i ka wahi no ka neʻe ʻana o ka ermine.
Hoʻohui ʻia, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ke anawaena o kona poʻo ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ferret, a ʻo kahi hale paʻa maʻamau no ka puaʻa guinea, lāpaki a i ʻole ferret ʻaʻole kūpono i kāu pipi. Ma laila ʻo ia e noho ai no ka hoihoi wale no ʻelima mau minuke a hiki i kona nānā ʻana iā ia.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mole rhombic metala i mea pale, no ka mea e haki ka holoholona i kona mau māiʻuʻu.
Kau i ka pūnaewele:
- inu kīʻaha me ka wai;
- hemp a me ka driftwood;
- nā kihi a me nā papa;
- pā (hiki ke pōpoki) hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wahī.
Pono e lawa ka hakahaka i loko o ka pā no kahi pahu hoʻomaha.... E hoʻolako pono i ka hīnaʻi me kahi laka paʻa: akamai ka ermine e wehe i kahi hāmeʻa maʻalahi. A inā hele i waho ka mea noho, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hopu iā ia. ʻAʻole paʻa ka ermine i ka ʻāina a e hoʻāʻo e heʻe i waho o ke keʻena.
Mālama a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe ka holoholona, no laila hoʻomaha ia i ka pono ma kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia no kēia. Wahi a kekahi mau ona e hiki ke lawe ʻia ka pā ma waho o ka hīnaʻi: e hoʻi hou ka ermine i loko ona ke hele nei a puni ka lumi.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe me ke ʻano ʻala ke hoʻomanawanui i ka pilau i hoʻopuka ʻia e kahi holoholona (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka ferret). I kēia hihia, paipai ʻia ka castration.
Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia ka pā, hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai nā ʻōpala meaʻai a me nā huahana neoneo. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e komo i nā mikina lima, e nahu ka paʻahao i kou lima a nahuʻu me ka ʻike ʻole.
Mea nui! Inā ʻaʻole lawa kāu ermine e ʻae iā ia e hele a puni ke keʻena, pono ʻoe e hana wikiwiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, e paʻa ana i ka puka e pale ai i ka pakele.
Hoʻohui, ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, pono ʻoe e mālama i nā mele olaola o ka predator ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina molting: i ʻole, e hoʻomaka nā maʻi hormonal i loko o kona kino. No laila, i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka mahana o ka lumi, ʻoiai e hoʻopōkole ana i nā hola ao. I ke kauwela, hoʻololi hou ke aupuni.
ʻAi ma ka home
E poina i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a ka amatirish e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana i nā pellets ʻoihana ermine no nā ferrets: he ʻokoʻa nā koina ikaika o kēia mau holoholona a me nā nui like ʻole.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hōʻino i ka ʻōpū ermine, a ʻo ka hopena, metabolism, e hoʻolohe i nā meaʻai maoli (i kekahi manawa ola). ʻO ke kūpono, he aquarium paha kāu me nā ʻiole hope.... I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻai ka mea ʻaihue i 2-3 mau vole a i ʻole 50-75 g iʻa.
Nā mea pono e pono ai o ka papaʻai:
- ʻiole;
- keiki moa i ke ao;
- rana;
- moa maka a mea hou aku.
Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka nui o kaʻiʻo i hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e like me (a ʻoi aku) ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o ka stoat iho. I hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi lā hoʻokē ʻai.
Ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi ermine
Piha ka Pūnaewele i nā hoʻolaha mai ka poʻe e makemake ana e kiʻi i kahi ermine, akā ʻaʻohe mea hāʻawi ʻē aʻe. Nā wea a me nā ferrets - e like me kou makemake, akā ʻaʻole kokoke e kūkulu ʻia nā ermines.
ʻO ka poʻe e makemake nui e kūʻai i ka ermine, pono lākou e huli i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona a i ʻole nā pā hulu, i piha nā ʻāpana hihiu maoli o ka laha.
Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hale paʻa a unsocialized loa, ʻike ka predator i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, hele pū me nā hopu convulsive, a laila hoʻi e alakaʻi i kona make.
Ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kēia kūʻai kūpono ʻole, e nīnau iā ʻoe iho i hoʻokahi nīnau nui aʻe - aia paha he nui nā veterinarians i ko mākou ʻāina (a keu hoʻi ma kāna ʻaoʻao) ka poʻe ʻike pehea e mālama ai i nā ermines?
Mea nui! Ma ke ala, mai manaʻoʻiʻo i nā moʻolelo o nā mea hānai e hānai maikaʻi i nā ermines i lawelawe ʻia. ʻAʻohe o ia poʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe stoats e hānau i ka pio.
