ʻO kahi iʻa me kahi inoa aristocratic nani ʻo Apistogram Ramirezi e ʻoluʻolu i nā aquarist no kahi o 70 mau makahiki, e hui pū ana i ka nani, unpretentiousness, mākaukau mau no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka maluhia e ʻike mau ʻia no nā cichlids.
ʻO Ramirezi apistogram i ke kūlohelohe
Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia cichlid dwarf a paʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1947, mahalo nui ʻia i kahi mea hoʻohui i ka puaʻa Amazonian, ʻo Colombian Manuel Vincent Ramirez, ka mea i hele pū me ka huakaʻi ʻepekema o ka American G. Blass.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ipu a hōʻike ʻia i ka honua ma lalo o ka inoa Apistogramma ramirezi... ʻO kāna wehewehe, a Dr. ʻO George Sprague Myers lāua ʻo R. R. Harry, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻApuka ʻAi ʻAkelia (Piladelapia).
Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻololi mau ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano he luna hewa maoli, i nā inoa (Ramirez apistogram, butterfly apistogram, Ramirez apistogram, butterfly chromis, ramirezka) a neʻe aku ma ke kauoha a nā biologists mai kekahi ʻano a i kekahi a hiki i ka lohi o ka genus Mikrogeophagus.
ʻIke, wehewehe
Pili ʻo Chromis-butterfly i ke ʻano o ka perchiformes a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā cichlids aquarium liʻiliʻi loa, e ulu ana a 5-7 cm. ʻOkoʻa nā wahine i nā kāne i ka nui (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hope) a me ke kala ʻōpū (ʻulaʻula - i nā wahine, ʻalani - i nā kāne).
Mea nui! Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe: he kiko ʻeleʻele ko ka wahine i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā sparkles, a ʻo nā kukuna o ka fin dorsal (ʻelua a me ʻekolu) ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka hoa. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e nā kukuna mua o ka fin dorsal, elongated a me nā kala ʻeleʻele.
Aia ka apistogram ramirezi i nā koho kala like ʻole a me nā kinona: baluna, gula, uila uila, neon, pale a me ka albino.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi waihoʻoluʻu maʻamau, ʻano e ka ākea polū kāʻei kua me ka waihoʻoluʻu poni a me ka lae / waha ʻulaʻula. Kaha maʻamau nā maka me nā kiko triangular nui.
ʻIke ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke kua, e kahe maʻalahi i nā kaha transverse i haehae ʻia. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻoki hipa (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā kāne) - lilo ke kala o nā unahi i ka mālamalama, ka uliuliuliuli.
Hoʻokaʻawale, nā wahi noho
He ʻōiwi ʻo ka ramirezi apistogram o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka pololei, Bolivia, Venezuela a me Colombia. Makemake nā iʻa e noho i ka wai pāpaʻu silty, noho i nā kahawai aniani a me nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka Orinoco.
I nā lālā o kēia muliwai ikaika, keu ma kahi ʻole o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole anuanu ka iʻa: ʻo Ianuali, ka mahina anuanu o ka makahiki, ʻaʻole e iho ka mahana o ka wai ma lalo + 22 + 26 ° °, a i ke awakea o ke kauwela e ʻōwili mau ana ia + 30 ° MAI.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, hōʻike nā kino wai kūloko i kahi hopena acidic iki mai 5.5 a 6.5 pH a me kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakikī (0-2 ° dGH). Hōʻike ka apistogram butterfly i ka paʻa ʻana i nā palena hydrological like i ka pio.
Ke mālama nei iā ramirezi ma ka home
Ua koi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona e hānai i nā iʻa ʻAmelika Hema e hoʻololi i kahi ākea ākea o nā kuhikuhi hydrological, e hōʻemi ana i nā koi no ka ʻoʻoleʻa o nā waihona iʻa hana a hoʻohana i nā loli wela.
ʻO ia ke kumu e noʻonoʻo ai nā ichthyologists iā Apistogramma ramirezi mau mea launa ʻole, e paipai iā lākou no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana no nā aquarist ʻike ʻole.
Koina koi
E mahalo aku nā iʻa ʻelua iā ʻoe no ka "hale" me ka hiki ke 30 liters a ʻoi aku paha, me ka kānana maikaʻi a me ka ea ʻana, a me kahi loli wai i kēlā me kēia pule.... He aha hou aʻe nā mea e pono ai kāu mau mea ʻoki hipa?
- ʻO nā kukui mālamalama o luna, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā polu a me nā keʻokeʻo e hoʻokūkū i ka turquoise, emerald a me ka sapira sheen o nā unahi.
- ʻO kahi ʻāpana ākea no ka ʻauʻau manuahi ʻana a me nā wahi malu no ka puʻuhonua i hana ʻia e nā līlia wai a i ʻole echinodorus.
- ʻO nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo (kāpae i nā mauʻu lau ʻulaʻula).
- Nā laumanu nui o ka granite hina a basalt / gabbro, a me 2-3 mau lālā driftwood lālā.
- ʻO ka honua a me ka hope o ka aquarium e monochrome, ʻoi aku ka pouli.
E hoʻāʻo e hana i mea e ʻike ai nā kukuna o ka lā i kekahi manawa i loko o ka aquarium: i ko lākou mālamalama, e hōʻike nui ʻia ka lole iridescent o chromis.
Nā koina wai
Pono nā cichlids dwarf i kahi maʻemaʻe, acidic, oxygenated wai āpau. E kiʻi i kahi oxidizer e hana i ka oxygen.
He mea nui ka acidity haʻahaʻa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana: inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana hou ʻana o nā apistograms, kūleʻa a hiki i ka wai alkaline liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā palupalu ia, akā ʻo nā ʻano aquarium o chromis e ʻae pū kekahi me ka wai paʻakikī paʻakikī.
Inā kūpua ka wai a hoʻonui ʻia me nā ʻōpala ʻokanika, e make ka iʻa... E hoʻouka i kahi kānana ikaika e pale aku ai i ko lākou make. Pono ʻoe i kahi mehana e hiki ke hoʻomehana a hiki i + 24 + 30 ° С.
E hoʻomanawanui ka apistogram butterfly i kahi mahana mahana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā i ka wai mehana e pāʻani a mālamalama hoʻi ka iʻa.
Mālama ʻo Ramirezi apistogram
Inā makemake ʻoe i ka chromis e ʻike piha i ka hauʻoli o ka noho ʻana, e hōʻike iā lākou me kahi aquarium e kahe ana. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo ia mau ʻōnaehana pipiʻi e loaʻa i ka poʻe loea e hānai iʻa i ka manawa mau.
Kau palena ʻia nā ipo i nā loli wai: a i 30% - i kēlā me kēia pule a i ʻole 10% - i kēlā me kēia lā. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka wai a hoʻololi e pono e like me ke kino a me ka kemika.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka apistogram a Ramirezi i ke kū ʻana o chlorine. I mea e hoʻoheheʻe ai, kū i ka wai kahe no kekahi mau lā, me ka poina ʻole e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau iā ia.
I kēlā me kēia lā 14, i ka like me ka loli o ka wai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka lepo. Inā nui ka iʻa i loko o ka aquarium, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka lepo i kēlā me kēia 7 lā. Hoʻopakele kēia mau manipula iā ia mai ka siltation nui a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hoʻomaha nui ʻana.
Mea ʻai pono, ʻaiʻai
ʻAi nā Apistogram i nā meaʻai: ola (daphnia, bloodworms, corotra, tubifex), a me ka hau a maloʻo hoʻi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou iho i ka hope i 1-2 mau pule.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole pono ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻai ma mua o ka nui o ka lole iwi chromis. Inā ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i kona waha liʻiliʻi ke hoʻomanawanui i ka meaʻai.
Hiki ke hānai ʻia ʻo Ramirezok me nā pellets no ka discus... Ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kēia mau cichlids i ka meaʻai ma lalo loa, hiki i nā pulu ke noho ma laila (a pau i ka ʻai ʻia) no kahi hapahā o ka hola.
No kahi aquarium laha, kūpono nā meaʻai āpau, no kahi mea maʻamau - nā mea e ale wale ʻia: no laila ʻaʻole nā poʻe kaiāulu e lana ana i luna e hele i waho o ka chromis, ka poʻe makemake i nā papa wai ma lalo.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻolei i ka meaʻai iʻa i ka iʻa, kali a kūlia ʻo ia ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka aquarium.
ʻO Ramirezi hānau
Ma 4-6 mau mahina, mākaukau nā iʻa e ulu a 3 cm i ka hana hou. Kūpaʻa ka iʻa i kekahi i kekahi a pili pū inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua i nā keiki. Akā paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi paʻa me nā manaʻo makua maikaʻi: ʻai pinepine ʻo Chromis i nā hua manu a nānā ʻole paha iā ia.
Nā kūlana spawning:
- aquarium mai 15 liters, me nā pōhaku pālahalaha, nā mea kanu a me ke one maʻalā;
- ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ma kahi o 8-10 cm, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka acidity a me ka mahana ma mua o ka aquarium nui;
- pono i kahi kahe nāwaliwali o ka wai a me kāna kīnā ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā (e hoʻouluulu i ka ʻō ʻana).
ʻO ka lālau, lawe mau ʻia mai kēlā wahi a kēia wahi, he 50 a 400 paha mau hua. Hoʻonohonoho nā mākua ʻelua i nā hua, ke kipaku ʻana i ka mea make.
ʻO ka manawa incubation (45-80 mau hola) e pau me ke ʻano o nā ʻūlū, a laila huli i loko o ka ʻai e koi ai i ka hānai ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole nā ʻōpio āpau (ʻoiai ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono) e ola.
Kūlike me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
No ka apistogram a Ramirezi, ʻoi aku ke ʻano o ka huhū intraspecific (territorial) ma mua o interspecific. ʻO ia ke kumu e hui pū ai kēia mau micro-predators me nā cichlids mālie a me nā iʻa e like me:
- nā pahi kaua ʻulaʻula;
- guppies i uhi ʻia (kāne);
- kakalaioa, iris a me zebrafish;
- nā neons, rasbora a me nā tetras;
- gourami, pōpoki maluhia a me lalius;
- cockerels a me nā nalu;
- scalars, paukū liʻiliʻi a me ka discus.
Mea nui! Kūlike ʻole ka Ramirezi Apistogram me nā iʻa nui a kaua hoʻi, e like me nā cichlids nui, piranhas a me nā iʻa. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ke kaiāulu me ka iʻa gula.
Wā ola
ʻO ke ola o chromis, kahi priori i pili ʻole i nā ʻūlū lōʻihi, pili i ka mahana o ka wai aquarium... Manaʻo ʻia aia ma + 25 ko lākou ola ʻana ma kahi o 4 mau makahiki, a ma + 27 + 30 - ʻelua mau makahiki wale nō. Inā haʻahaʻa ka heluhelu ʻana o ka mahana ma mua o + 24 kekelē, maʻi ka mea ʻoki hipa a make koke.
Kahi e kūʻai ai i kahi ramistzi apistogram, kumu kūʻai
Kūʻai ʻia nā iʻa e nā hale kūʻai pūnaewele a me nā mea hānai pilikino, e hōʻike ana i kahi kumukūʻai temokalaka holoʻokoʻa mai 100 a 300 rubles.
Inā makemake ʻoe i ʻohana hipa nani, kūʻai i nā mea ʻoki hipa mai ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mea hoʻoulu holoholona (3-4 kope pākahi). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hana i kēia i ke ao, i mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke ai nā lālā o ka ʻohana i kekahi. Inā ʻole, hoʻāʻo paha nā mea kahiko (keu hoʻi i kahi aquarium liʻiliʻi) e kāpae i nā mea noho hou ma ka luku ʻana iā lākou a make.
E nānā i nā poʻe kipa a hiki i ko lākou noho ʻana i kahi hou: inā aia ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hakakā, hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kūʻē mai kekahi me ka paku aniani. E kanu i nā mea kanu mānoanoa kahi e hiki ai i ka iʻa i hōʻino ʻia e nā hoanoho ke peʻe.
Mea nui! Ke koho ʻana i ka chromis, mai lawe i ka iʻa i hopu nui ʻia: ko lākou kala ʻulaʻula ma muli o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā homone a i ʻole ka meaʻai kūikawā. E hoʻolei i nā ulu ulu a me nā mea ulu like ʻole, e kia ana i nā cichlids waena o 1.5-2.5 cm, ʻokoʻa iki i ke kala.
Nā loiloi nona
ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoulu ʻana Ramistzi apistograms e hoʻomaopopo koke i ko lākou kūlana kamahaʻo: ʻaʻole iʻa ka iʻa i ka lepo, mai huki a huki i nā mea kanu o ka aquarium, i hiki ai ke waiho palekana ʻia nā chromis i nā mea kanu lāʻau hoʻohiwahiwa.
Paipai ʻia nā mea kanu e like me flora aquarium, no ka laʻana, eleocharis parvula, vallisneria a me nā mauʻu lana lana eichornia (eichornia a i ʻole pistia). Inā kikoʻī ke kikoʻī o ka aquarium, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uhi iā ia - ʻaʻole pukaaniani nā papa i waho o ka wai... A ʻo kēia hou aʻe mai ka papa inoa o kā lākou keu pono.
Kūkā nā mea nona nā Apistogram i ke kau ʻana i kahi kukui no ke kukui (ʻo kahi laʻana, Marin Glo), kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke kala maoli o nā iʻa ʻAmelika Hema.
