ʻO Amblyomma maculatum kahi holoholona ākea weliweli. He mite ia e hoʻopōʻino i nā holoholona nui.
Hoʻolaha o Amblyomma maculatum.
Hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Amblyomma maculatum ma kahi ākea nui ma ka Hemisphere Komohana, noho ia ma nā wahi Neotropical a me Nearctic. Ma ʻAmelika, ua pālahalaha nui ia ma nā mokuʻāina hema, aia ma ke kahakai ʻo Gulf mai Texas a hiki i Florida a hele aku i ka laina kahakai hikina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano tikika ma Mekiko, Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela a me Ecuador, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻikepili kikoʻī ma kahi o Amblyomma maculatum e maʻa mau ai.
Kahi noho o Amblyomma maculatum.
Noho kahi makua Amblyomma maculatum ma ka ʻili o ka mea nāna ia e hoʻokipa, ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau, a omo i ke koko. ʻO nā pūʻali nui o ka parasite me nā ʻelele o ka equine, kēne, ʻohana bovine, a me kekahi mau manu liʻiliʻi. Noho ka mite i nā wahi me nā lau nahele, a ʻoiai ʻo ia mau wahi e maloʻo ana i nā wahi kahi ʻaʻole lawa ka wai a nui ʻole paha ka makani, nānā ʻo Amblyomma maculatum i nā wahi i pale ʻia mai ka makani me nā mea ulu nunui a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o Amblyomma maculatum.
He mau ʻokoʻa nā mākua o Amblyomma maculatum i nā ʻano moekolohe. He maka pālahalaha ko ke kāne a me ka wahine, a lele i ka coxa ʻehā o nā lālā i hiki ʻole i ka pae o ka anus. Hoʻokomo pū kekahi lākou i kahi spur waho a me kahi spurce o loko i ka coxae mua. He antennae ko nā kāne ma ko lākou poʻo, akā ʻaʻole pēlā nā wahine. Aia nā papa Spiracular i nā ticks o nā kāne ʻelua, me kahi pā caudal, kahi o ka hapalua o ka nui o ka scallop hope loa. Loaʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine Amblyomma maculatum i nā wahi tactile ma nā ʻūhā a me nā tubercles chitinous ma ka hope o nā scallops. Nalo loa kēia mau tubercles mai nā scallops waena. Aia nā kākalaioa ma nā wāwae o nā tick.
ʻO ka larvae o Amblyomma maculatum he kino ākea ākea e pālahalaha ma ka waena a me ke kua. Loaʻa iā lākou he mau hui like sensilla ʻelua: ʻelua mau setional dorsal setae, ʻewalu mau setae dorsal setae, ʻekolu mau setae setae ʻōpala, nā setae marginal, ʻelima mau setena ventral terminal, a me hoʻokahi setae anal setae. Hoʻohui, he ʻumikūmākahi scallops. ʻO nā ʻūlū cervical ma ka larvae holo ʻaneʻane like, akā ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi waena ma ka hope o nā larvae. Pālahalaha nā maka a ʻo ka coxae mua he huinakolu, ʻo ke kolu a me ke kolu o ka coxae. Ke ʻona nā larvae me ke koko, hoʻonui lākou i ka nui i ka awelika o 0.559 mm.
Hoʻolālā o Amblyomma maculatum.
ʻO Amblyomma maculatum kahi pōʻaiapili ulu ulu paʻakikī. ʻEkolu pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka tick. Puka mai kahi ʻūlū mai ka hua manu, kahi e parasitizes i nā manu liʻiliʻi, a laila molts a lilo i nymph, kahi e hoʻomāhuahua ai i nā wai ʻiʻo mamā liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia ka tikika i ka pae hope loa o ka imago, ka mea e hoʻohua hou a me nā parasiteres ma nā māmela nui.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o Amblyomma maculatum
ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o Amblyomma maculatum i kēlā kikoʻī. Ma muli o ke kaʻina hoʻomohala maʻamau o nā ticks ixodid, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka male a me ka wahine me nā hoa he nui, a hoʻohana nā kāne i ko lākou waha e hoʻohuli i ka sperm i ka wahine ma o ka spermatophor.
Hoʻomākaukau ka wahine no ka hānau hou ʻana o nā keiki a omo ikaika i ke koko, ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui, a laila hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea nāna e waiho i kāna mau hua.
Aia ka nui o nā hua i ka nui o ke koko i hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o Amblyomma maculatum ke moe ma kahi o 15,000 a 23,000 mau hua i ka manawa. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā hua manu i nā kūlana ola. Ma hope o ka oviposition, e make paha nā wahine, e like me ka nui o nā tick ixodid. ʻAʻohe mālama o nā tikika ixodid āpau i kā lākou keiki. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke ola o Amblyomma maculatum ma ke ʻano.
Ka hana a Amblyomma maculatum.
Noho ʻo Amblyomma maculatum ma luna o nā mea kanu lau nahele a i ʻole nā lau o kahi kumulāʻau a hoʻonui i kona mau wāwae mua. Eia nō naʻe, noho ka larvae i kahi lewa, kahi hana a nā nymphs Amblyomma maculatum i ka wā a me kahi e noho ai. Hoʻopili ka pae larval i kāna hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka hana o nā nimona ʻo Kansas i nā mahina kauwela e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā Texas nymphs.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hana o nā poʻe tick i ka wā hoʻoilo.
Hoʻopili pū kēia mau mite i nā ʻano o kā lākou mea hoʻokipa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻānai mau nā bipi e Amblyomma maculatum i nā pā a me nā lāʻau, e hoʻāʻo nei e hemo i ka parasite. Ua hoʻopili nā mite ʻōpio i kēia a ʻaʻole neʻe i loko o ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa, akā e ʻeli koke i loko o ke kino a omo i ke koko. Hoʻohui, molt pinepine ka larvae ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kukui. I ka wā hānau, ʻike nā ticks mākua i kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pheromones. ʻO Amblyomma maculatum, e like me ka nui o nā tikika ixodid, hoʻohana i kahi ʻona manaʻo kūikawā i kapa ʻia he lālā ʻo Haller e honi. Loaʻa i kēia ʻōpala nā mea loaʻa ʻona liʻiliʻi a loaʻa nā hōʻailona kemika i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā mea hoʻokipa kūpono.
Nutrisy Amblyomma maculatum.
ʻO nā mākua Amblyomma maculatum parasitize i ka ʻili o nā ʻano mammal like ʻole. Loaʻa pinepine nā parasites i nā lio a me nā ʻīlio, ʻoiai lākou e ʻoluʻolu i nā ungulate nui. Larvae a me nā nymphs o nā pae āpau o ka hoʻomohala tick e hānai pū i ke koko o kā lākou mau pūʻali. Loaʻa ka pae larval i nā wahi noho o nā manu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā nymphs i nā mea māmele liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka Amblyomma maculatum ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka a hānai i ke koko.
Ka hana kaiaolaola o Amblyomma maculatum.
ʻO Amblyomma maculatum kahi loulou parasitic i nā kaiaola. ʻO ka parasitism o nā tick ma ungulate e hōʻemi ana i ke ola laulaha o ka mea hoʻokipa, nona ka mea ʻai i ke koko no ka tick.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Amblyomma maculatum ma o ke koko e nā parasites pathogenic like ʻole. Hāpai lākou i nā pathogens o Rocky Mountain ʻike i ke kuni a me ka parasite hepatozone ʻAmelika.
He manaʻo no ke kanaka.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻo Amblyomma maculatum i nā pathogens weliweli ma waena o nā kānaka. Hoʻopili kēia mau maʻi i ka hana a ka poʻe a koi i ka lapaʻau kūikawā. Hoʻohui ʻia, e ka omo ʻana i ke koko mai nā bipi kau, hoʻopōʻino nā kikika i nā ʻano kalepa o nā holoholona home, hoʻemi i ka waiū a me ka ʻono o ka iʻa.
