No ka ʻohana duck ka duck Hawaiʻi (A. wyvilliana), ka ʻoka Anseriformes.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka ʻāʻī Hawaii
He manu liʻiliʻi ka ʻūlū Hawaiʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mallard maʻamau. He awelika ke kino o ke kāne o 48-50 cm, ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine - 40-43 cm. Ma ka awelika, he 604 mau kilokilo o ka drake, ʻo ka wahine 460 gram. ʻEleʻele ka plumage me nā kaha onionio a ke nānā aku e like me nā hulu o kahi ʻāpō maʻamau.
ʻO nā kāne he ʻelua mau ʻano:
- Me kahi pila ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi māka pouli, mālamalama ko lākou plumage me nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ʻike ʻia ma ka lei aliʻi a me ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma.
- ʻO ka lua o nā ʻano kāne he plumage pale e like me nā wahine me nā kiko ʻalani, kahi leo ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma. ʻEʻeleʻele ko lākou nuku me nā māka melemele ʻeleʻele a ʻalani paha. Mālamalama nā ʻeheu me ke "aniani" o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo emerald a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu poni-polū.
Wahi a kēia mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa ka ʻehu hawaiʻi mai ka mallard (A. platyrhynchos), he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi nā wahi o ka hulu o ka huelo o waho, a ʻo ka "aniani" he uliuli-lila. ʻO nā wāwae a me nā wāwae o ka pēpē Hawaiʻi he ʻalani a melemele ʻalani paha. He poʻo pouli ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o ke kāne makua a ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kekahi manawa. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka plumage o ka wahine ma mua o ka drake a ma ka hope aia nā hulu maʻalahi.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kūmole i ka huluhulu, nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa i ke kala plumage i ka ʻāpō Hawaiʻi e hoʻopīpī i ka ʻike o kēia ʻano. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hybridization me nā mallard i ko lākou wahi noho he mea paʻakikī ke ʻike ʻana i ka ʻūlū Hawaiʻi.
Mea ʻai pālū Hawaii
ʻO nā pēpē Hawaiʻi nā manu omnivorous. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nā mea kanu: nā ʻanoʻano, nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAi ʻia nā manu i nā molluscs, nā kolo, a me nā invertebrates wai ʻē aʻe. ʻAi lākou i nā nīnū, nā ʻelala insect, nā ʻenela, nā ʻenuhe, ka crayfish, nā larvae mosika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka ʻūlū Hawaiʻi
Noho pālua nā pato Hawaiʻi a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho i nā hui he nui. Makaʻala loa kēia mau manu a peʻe i loko o nā lau nahele kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi ulu a puni ka lua pele ʻo Kohala ma ka moku nui ʻo Hoei '. ʻAʻole kāhea ʻia nā ʻano pato ʻē aʻe a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.
Hānai pepeke Hawaiʻi
Hāpai nā ʻūlū Hawaiʻi ma loko o ka makahiki. I ka wā o ka moena, hōʻike nā pālua pākī i nā lele kahaha nui. Loaʻa i ka paʻa mai 2 a 10 mau hua. Ke peʻe nei ka pūnana ma kahi mehameha. Ua huki ʻia nā hulu mai ka umauma o ka ʻāpō i mea uhi. Hoʻokahi kokoke i hoʻokahi mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana. Ma hope koke o ka hatch, ʻauʻau nā pākī i ka wai, akā ʻaʻole lele a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ʻeiwa mau pule. Hānau ka manu ʻōpio ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki.
He aloha ʻē kā nā pēpē wahine i nā mallard hihiu kāne.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea e alakaʻi i nā manu i ke koho ʻana i kahi hoa, maliʻi ʻume ʻia lākou i nā kala ʻē aʻe i ke kala plumage. I kēlā me kēia hihia, pili mau kēia ʻano ʻelua o nā ʻeke a hana i nā keiki hānai. Akā ʻo kēia keʻa interspecific kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻūlū hawaiʻi.
Hiki paha i ka Hybrid A. platyrhynchos × A. wyvilliana ke huikau i nā ʻano mākua, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻeke Hawaii.
Ua pālahalaha ka ʻūlū hawaiʻi
I ka wā ma mua, ua noho nā peʻapeʻa Hawaiʻi i nā mokupuni nui ʻo Hawaiʻi (USA), koe wale ʻo Lana a me Kahoolave, akā i kēia manawa ua kaupalena ʻia ka nohona ma Kauai a me Niʻihau, a aia ma Oahu a me ka mokupuni nui o Maui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka heluna heluna kanaka ma 2200 - 2525 kanaka.
Ma kahi o 300 mau manu i ʻike maka ʻia ma Oahu a me Maui, i like a like me A. wyvilliana i nā hiʻohiʻona, akā pono kēia ʻikepili i ka noiʻi kūikawā, ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā manu e noho ana i kēia mau mokupuni ʻelua he hybrids o A. wyvilliana. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka puʻunaue a me ka nui o ka pato Hawaiʻi, no ka mea, ma kekahi mau wahi o ka pae, paʻakikī e ʻike ʻia nā manu ma muli o ka hybridization me kekahi ʻano pato.
Nā wahi pālule Hawaiʻi
Noho ka ʻūlū Hawaiʻi i nā wai pulu.
Kū i loko o nā loko kai, nā kahawai, nā loko, nā wahi kai i hoʻopiha ʻia. Noho ʻo ia i nā kahawai mauna, nā waihona anthropogenic a i kekahi manawa i nā ulu ulu. Piʻi ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3300 mau mika. Makemake i nā wahi wai ma mua o 0.23 hectares, ʻaʻole kokoke ma mua o 600 mika mai nā wahi noho kanaka.
Nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻāiki pākī
ʻO ka emi nui o ka nui o nā pēpē Hawaiʻi i ka mua o ke kenekulia 20 i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue: nāʻiole, mongooses, ʻīlio kūloko a me nā pōpoki. ʻO ka nalowale o ka nohona, ka mahiʻai a me ke kūkulu kūlanakauhale ʻana, a me ka ʻimi hala ʻole ʻana i nā manu neʻe i ka wai i hopena i ka make o kahi nui o nā laha, e like me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā pēpē Hawaiʻi.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hybridization me A. platyrhynchos ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā wahi wai wai a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nohona e nā mea kanu wai kūwaho e hoʻoweliweli pū nei i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāiki Hawaii ʻO nā puaʻa, kao a me nā ungulate ʻē aʻe e hoʻopōpō i ka pūnana manu. Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi nā ʻikena Hawaiʻi i nā kau maloʻo a me ka hopohopo huakaʻi.
Nā hana palekana
Pale aku ka ʻucklū Hawaiʻi ma Kauai, ma Hanalei - kahi mālama ʻāina. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāiki o kēia laha, i hānai ʻia, ma Oahu i ka nui o 326 mau kānaka, a ua hōʻea hou aku he 12 mau ʻeke hou i Maui. Ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia kēia ʻano i ka mokupuni nui e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāiki i hānai ʻia i nā hale manu.
I ka hopena o 1980, ua kapu ka mokuʻāina i ka lawe ʻia mai o A. platyrhynchos, koe wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā hōʻikeʻike. I ka makahiki 2002, ua hoʻokau ka 'Oihana Hoʻolālā i kahi embargo ma luna o nā ʻano manu āpau i lawe ʻia i ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina e pale aku i nā manu mai ka maʻi o West Nile. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka noiʻi e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hybrids e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo genetic.
Manaʻo ʻia nā hana mālama no ka pēpē Hawaiʻi e ʻike ai i ka laulā, ka lawena a me ka nui o A. wyvilliana, A. platyrhynchos a me nā hybrids, a e nānā ai i ka nui o ka hybridization interspecific. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā hana mālama i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana mai i nā wai pulu i noho ʻia e nā ʻāpā Hawaiʻi. Pono e kāohi i ka helu o nā mea hōkai i kahi e hiki ai. Kāohi i ka lawe a me ka dispersal o A. platyrhynchos a me nā lāhui pili pono.
Pale i nā wahi noho mai ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā mea kanu hoʻohewa i loko o nā wahi wai i pale ʻia. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i nā mea ʻona a me nā mea hoʻohana ʻāina me kahi papahana aʻo e pili ana i ka nohona. E hoʻoneʻe i nā pēpē Hawaiʻi i Maui a me Molokai pū kekahi a e nānā i nā hopena o ka hānau manu ʻana ma nā wahi hou.
